1、Designation: D6567 00 (Reapproved 2014)D6567 14Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Light Penetration of a Turf ReinforcementMat (TRM)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring the amount of light that penetrates through a Turf Reinforce
3、ment Mat.1.2 This test method does not provide light penetration values for TRM under variable normal sun and soil conditions. This testmethod determines nominal light penetration.1.3 The values stated as a percentage are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in foot-candles are for in
4、formationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.
5、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Pr
6、ecision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 light penetration, nthe percentage of incandescent light that is measurable through a geosynthetic material from a staticlight sou
7、rce.3.1.2 turf reinforcement mat (TRM),na long term non-degradable rolled erosion control product composed of a UV stabilized,non-degradable, synthetic fibers, nettings or filaments, or all of these, processed into three dimensional reinforcement matrices.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms u
8、sed in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles and geomembranes used in this test method, refer to TerminologyD4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The nominal light penetration of TRMs is determined by observing the foot-candles on the lig
9、ht meter through a determinedopen area versus the amount of foot-candles on the light meter once the TRM is placed over the determined open area.5. Significance and Use5.1 Light penetration may be used to control the quality of many TRMs. Light penetration is not indicative of field performanceand t
10、herefore is not recommended for specifications.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosynthetic ErosionControl.Current edition approved March 15, 2014May 1, 2014. Published April 2014June 2014.
11、 Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20062014 asD6567 00(2006).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D6567-00R14.10.1520/D6567-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume
12、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequat
13、ely depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
14、, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 The light penetration of TRMs may vary considerably depending on the composite materials used in the matrix of the mator due to inconsistency within a given mat. To minimize variation, specific sample size and procedures are indicated in this testmethod to help ens
15、ure comparable results.5.3 This test method may be used to determine the effect of different composite materials and make-up of TRMs.5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of TRMs, but caution is advised sinceinformation on between laboratory precision is inc
16、omplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if the
17、re is a statistical biasbetween their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the twoparties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are formed from a lot of material ofthe type in question.
18、 The test specimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The averageresults from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired date and an acceptable probability levelchosen by the two begun. If bias is found, either its cause must
19、 be corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to the lightof the known bias.NOTE 1The user should be aware that the makeup and possible movement of the composite materials, and the like, may affect the TRMs followingthe time when they are rolled up on rolls shipped and stored.6. Apparatus6
20、.1 Light Penetration BoxSee Fig. 1 (length view), and see Fig. 2 (width view).NOTE 2The light penetration box shown in Fig. 1 is built from 34 in. wood.6.2 Adjustable Rod with Light BulbSee Fig. 3.6.3 Light MeterThe light meter must measure in foot-candles and be capable of measuring determined open
21、 area foot-candlereading as well as determined area with dense TRM material in place. A meter with a digital readout such as Extech InstrumentsModel 407026 Heavy Duty Light Meter is recommended.36.4 Cutting DiesThe cutting dies must be capable of cutting specimen dimensions at least 200 mm (8 in.) b
22、y at least 250 mm(10 in.).NOTE 3Due to possible loss of loose internal components during cutting and handling of many TRMs, care should be exercised to minimize theseeffects.3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Extech Instruments Corporation, 9 Townsend
23、 West, Nashua, NH 03063. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Light Penetration BoxD6567 1427. Sa
24、mpling7.1 Sample by LotIn the absence of other guidelines, divide the product into lots and sample as specified in Practice D4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor the laboratory sample, take a full width sample of sufficient length along the selvage or edge ofroll so that the requirements of 7.3 through 7.4
25、.2 can be met. Exclude the inner and outer wraps of the roll or any materialcontaining folds, crushed areas or other distortions not representative of the sampled lot.7.3 Test SpecimensRemove the test specimens from the laboratory sample in a randomly distributed pattern across the widthwith no spec
26、imen taken nearer than 100 mm (4 in.) from the selvage or roll edge, unless otherwise specified. Cut five 250 by 200mm (10 by 8 in.) test specimens from the sample. Handle the specimens in a manner to avoid the loss of loose filler and weavingcomponents.7.4 Number of SpecimensUnless otherwise agreed
27、 upon, as when provided in an applicable material specification, take anumber of test specimens per laboratory sample such that the user may expect a 95 % probability level that the test result is notmore than 5 % of the average above or below the true average of the sample. Determine the number of
28、specimens per sample asfollows:7.4.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is a reliable estimate of v based upon extensive past records for similar materialstested in the users laboratory as directed in the method, calculate the required number of specimens for the laboratory sample usingEq 1, as follow
29、s:n 5tv/A!2 (1)where:n = number of test specimens (rounded upward to a whole number),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of the individual observations on similar materials in the users laboratoryunder conditions of single-operator position, %,t = the value of Students t for one si
30、ded limits, a 95 % probability level, and the degrees of freedom associated with theestimate of v, andA = 5.0 % of the average, the value of the allowable variation.7.4.2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliable estimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectly. Inste
31、ad, specify the fixed number (5) specimens. The number of specimens is calculated using v = 9.5 % of the average.FIG. 2 End View of BoxFIG. 3 Adjustable Rod and BulbD6567 143These values for v are somewhat larger than usually found in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the users laboratoryb
32、ecomes available, Eq 1 will usually require fewer than the fixed number of specimens.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture and temperature equilibrium in the atmosphere for testing TRMs, that is a temperature of21 6 2C (70 6 4F) and relative humidity of 60 6 10 %.9. Procedure9.1 Test th
33、e conditioned specimens in the standard atmospheric condition as set forth in 8.1.9.2 Care should be taken in handling of the test specimens to avoid altering the natural finished state of the material.9.3 Close the top of box, cover the slot where the sample is placed, and turn on the light source.
34、 Place the light meter on theshelf in front of the opening at the end of the box.9.4 Slide the adjustable rod with bulb inside the box to obtain maximum brightness (highest meter reading), record reading.9.5 Open top of box and insert the specimen into the slotted area, being sure to leave no area o
35、pen to avoid false readings.NOTE 4A stiff opaque border may be use to ensure proper holding of the specimen in place if material is flexible. When a border is used, the meterreading taken before placement of the specimen, must include the open border placed in the slot.9.6 After the top has been clo
36、sed and the slot opening covered, obtain meter reading. Ensure meter is set on the appropriate scaleto obtain best reading. Record the results.9.7 Repeat the procedure for each of the remaining specimens.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the percent of light penetration as follows in Eq 2:%light penetra
37、tion5MR2MR13100 (2)where:MR1 = meter reading prior to placement of specimen, andMR2 = meter reading with specimen in place.10.2 Calculate the average % light penetration for all specimens.11. Report11.1 The report for the nominal % light penetration shall include the following information:11.1.1 Pro
38、ject, type of TRM tested, and test method of sampling,11.1.2 Specimen size used in testing if other than standard,11.1.3 Number of tests performed,11.1.4 Type of light source and testing apparatus used,11.1.5 Average nominal % light penetration,11.1.6 Coefficient of variation of light penetration wi
39、thin the sample, in percent (optional), and11.1.7 Any unusual observations or modifications of sample specimens as manufactured or test method as described.12. Precision and Bias412.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in this test method is being evaluated.based on an interlaboratory study ofD
40、6567 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Light Penetration of a Turf Reinforcement Mat (TRM), conducted in 2013. Sevenlaboratories participated in this study. Each of the labs reported three replicate test results for two different types of mats and adouble net blanket. Every “test result” report
41、ed represents the average of 5 measurements taken from a sample. Practice E691 wasfollowed for the design and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTM Research Report No. RR:D35-1018.12.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitive results obtained by the same operator in a given
42、 laboratory applyingthe same test method with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material within short intervalsof time would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the following values only in one casein 20.12.1.1.1 Repe
43、atability can be interpreted as the maximum difference between two results, obtained under repeatabilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causes under normal and correct operation of the test method.4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be
44、 obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1018. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D6567 14412.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are listed in Table 1.12.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators applyingthe same test
45、method in different laboratories using different apparatus on identical test material would, in the long run, in thenormal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the following values only in one case in 20.12.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as the maximum difference between two re
46、sults, obtained under reproducibilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causes under normal and correct operation of the test method.12.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 1.12.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) are used as specified
47、 in Practice E177.12.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 12.1.1 and 12.1.2 will have an approximate 95 % probability of beingcorrect. The precision statistics obtained in this ILS must not be treated as exact mathematical quantities which are applicable toall circumstances and uses. The l
48、imited number of materials tested may lead to times when differences greater than predicted bythe ILS results will arise, sometimes with considerably greater or smaller frequency than the 95 % probability limit would imply.12.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no accepted reference material s
49、uitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.12.3 The precision statement was determined through statistical examination of 63 results, from seven laboratories, on threematerials.12.4 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no bias, because the % light penetration value of the property can only bedescribed in terms of the test method.To judge the equivalency of two test results, it is recommended to choose the material closestin characteristics to the test material.13. Keywords13.1 adjustab
