1、Designation: D6593 10D6593 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition ofDeposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal CombustionEngine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designatio
2、n D6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or rea
3、pproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test,2 and it has been correlated with vehicles usedin stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods requiredto evaluate oil
4、s intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing
5、 size, orspecified single source equipment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator
6、ylimitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, andAnnex A1.1.4 A Table of Contents follows:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus (General Descri
7、ption) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7Assembling
8、the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel and Fuel System 8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures 9.1Pressures
9、 9.21 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.01on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved May 1, 2010May 1, 2013. Published June 2010 May 2013. Originally approved in 200
10、0. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asD6593D6593 10.09a. DOI: 10.1520/D6593-10.10.1520/D6593-13.2 Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information lettersmay be obtained from the
11、 ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in allinformation Letters through No. 09-2.12-1.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Repor
12、t RR:D02-1472.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users con
13、sult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
14、, PA 19428-2959. United States1Flow Rates 9.3Fuel Consumption 9.4Speed and Load 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedure 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenan
15、ce Procedures 12.4Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1Sludge Ratings 13.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.4Sticking 13.5Used Oil Analyses 13.6Additional Measurements 13.7Assessment of Test Validity 14General 14.1Used
16、Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2Blowby Flow Rate 14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5Oil Consumption 14.6Engine Parts Replacement 14.7Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXESSafety Hazards Annex A
17、1Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A5External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A6Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionar
18、y Annex A7Dipstick Calibration Annex A8Critical Part Supplier List Annex A9Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A10Rating Worksheets Annex A11Fuel Injector Flow Measurements Annex A12APPENDIXESPiston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X2Descr
19、iption of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X32. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravit
20、y of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Vis
21、cosity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of
22、 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theA
23、STM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.D6593 132D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD3525 Test Method for
24、Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-
25、ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of
26、 Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (Withdrawn2009)5D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating
27、 Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI Standard:6ANSI MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions
28、:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal combustion engines, the mass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being inducted into thecombustion chambers.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, air-fuel ratio (AFR), is controlled by the EEC IV engine control module. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion e
29、ngines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation.3.1.3 cold-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustion engines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring are at roomtemperature, but inspect
30、ion shows that it was free during engine operation.3.1.3.1 DiscussionA cold-stuck piston ring cannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by a polished face over its entirecircumference, indicating essentially no blowby passed over the ring face during engine operation. D41753
31、.1.4 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid contaminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine orresulting from wear.3.1.4.1 DiscussionExamples include such things as gasket material, silicone sealer, towel threads, and metal particles. D58623.1.5 filtering, nin data acquisitio
32、n, a means of attenuating signals in a given frequency range. They can be mechanical(volume tank, spring, mass) or electrical (capacitance, inductance) or digital (mathematical formulas), or a combination thereof.Typically, a low-pass filter attenuates the unwanted high frequency noise.3.1.6 hot-stu
33、ck piston ring, nin internal combustion engines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring are at roomtemperature, and inspection shows that it was stuck during engine operation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe portion of the ring that is stuck cannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. A hot-st
34、uck piston ring is characterized byvarnish or carbon across some portion of its face, indicating that portion of the ring was not contacting the cylinder wall duringengine operation. D41755 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.6 Available from American
35、National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.D6593 1333.1.7 knock, nin a spark ignition engine, abnormal combustion, often producing audible sound, caused by autoignition of theair/fuel mixture. D41753.1.8 out of specification data, nin data acquisition, sampled
36、 value of a monitored test parameter that has deviated beyondthe procedural limits.3.1.9 reading, nin data acquisition, the reduction of data points that represent the operating conditions observed in the timeperiod as defined in the test procedure.3.1.10 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wea
37、r characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in thedirection of sliding. G403.1.11 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion thatdoes not result in immobilization of the parts.3.1.12 sludge, nin internal comb
38、ustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.13 time constant, nin data acquisition, A value which represents a measure of th
39、e time response of a system. For a firstorder system responding to a step change input, it is the time required for the output to reach 63.2 % of its final value.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents butnot by wiping
40、with a cloth. D41753.1.15 wear, nloss of material from a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resulting frommechanical or chemical action, or a combination of both. D74223.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 clogging, nthe restriction of a flow
41、 path due to the accumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.3.2.2 enrichment, nin internal combustion engine operation, a fuel consumption rate in excess of that which would achievea stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio.3.2.2.1 DiscussionEnrichment is usually indicated by elevated CO levels
42、 and can also be detected with an extended range air/fuel ratio sensor.3.2.3 Lambda, nthe ratio of actual air mass induced, during engine operation, divided by the theoretical air mass requirementat the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the given fuel.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA Lambda value of 1.0 denotes
43、a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.3.2.4 low-temperature, light-duty conditions, nindicative of engine oil and coolant temperatures that average below normalwarmed-up temperatures, and engine speeds and power outputs that average below those encountered in typical highway driving.3.2.5 ramping, nthe pr
44、escribed rate of change of a variable when one set of operating conditions is changed to another setof operating conditions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Each test engine is assembled with many new parts and essentially all aspects of assembly are specified in detail.4.2 The test stand is equipped to
45、 control speed, load, AFR, and various other operating parameters.4.3 The test is run for a total of 216 h, consisting of 54 cycles of 4 h each. Each cycle consists of three stages.4.4 While the operating conditions are varied within each cycle, overall they can be characterized as a mixture oflow-t
46、emperature and moderate-temperature, light and medium duty operating conditions.4.5 To accelerate deposit formation, the level of oxides of nitrogen in the blowby and the rate of blowby into the crankcase aresignificantly increased. The fresh air breathing of the crankcase is eliminated and the oil
47、and coolant temperatures are lowered toinduce condensation of water and fuel.4.6 The performance of the test engine oil is evaluated at the end of the test by dismantling the engine and measuring the levelof deposit formation.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automot
48、ive engine oils control of engine deposits under operating conditionsdeliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This test method was correlated with field service data, determined fromD6593 134side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services.
49、 The same field service oils were thenused in developing the operating conditions of this test procedure.5.2 This test method, along with other test methods, defines the minimum performance level of the API Category SL (detailedinformation about this category is included in Specification D4485). This test method is also incorporated in automobilemanufacturers factory-fill specifications.5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along withthe accelerated operating condition
