1、Designation: D6593 16aD6593 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition ofDeposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal CombustionEngine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designati
2、on D6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or re
3、approval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2 services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that
4、are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregi
5、stration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC serv
6、ices to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in
7、 a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test,2 and it has been correlated with vehicles usedin stop-and-go
8、 service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods requiredto evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are includ
9、ed in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, orspecified single source equipment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the resp
10、onsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, andAnnex A5.1.4 A Table of C
11、ontents follows:SectionScope 11 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016May 1, 2017. Published Octob
12、er 2016May 2017. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6593 16.16a. DOI: 10.1520/D6593-16A.10.1520/D6593-17.2 Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informa
13、tion lettersmay be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in allinformation Letters through No. 152.16-2.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be ob
14、tained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1472.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurat
15、ely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
16、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus (General Description) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially
17、Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Flu
18、ids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel and Fuel System 8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures 9.1Pressures 9.2Flow Rates 9.3Fuel Consumption 9.4Speed and Load 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Sta
19、nd Calibration 11Test Procedure 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1Sludge Ratings 13
20、.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.4Sticking 13.5Used Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14General 14.1Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2Blowby Flow Rate 14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5Oil Consumption 14.6Engine Parts Replacement 14.7Quality Index and Deviat
21、ion Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXESASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related
22、 Information Annex A4Safety Precautions Annex A5Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A6Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A7Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A8Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A9External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Anne
23、x A10Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A11Dipstick Calibration Annex A12Critical Part Supplier List Annex A13Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A14Rating Worksheets Annex A15Fuel Injector Flow Measurements Annex A16APPENDIXESPiston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1So
24、urces of Materials and Information Appendix X2D6593 172Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X31.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of
25、 International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mine
26、ral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test
27、 Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in P
28、etroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2789 Test Method for Hydrocar
29、bon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass SpectrometryD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminol
30、ogy Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline b
31、y X-Ray SpectroscopyD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (Withdraw
32、n2009)5D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data
33、to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 ANSI Standard:6ANSI MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples2.3 Other ASTM Documents:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (Formerly CRC Manual 20)73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air-fuel ratio, nin internal
34、 combustion engines, the mass ratio of air-to-fuel in the mixture being inducted into thecombustion chambers.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method, air-fuel ratio (AFR), is controlled by the EEC IV engine control module. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combust
35、ion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation.4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the
36、 standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.6 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.7 For stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.a
37、stm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.D6593 1733.1.3 cold-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustion engines, a piston ring that is stuck when the piston and ring are at roomtemperature, but inspection shows that it was free during engine operation.3.1.3.1 DiscussionA cold-stu
38、ck piston ring cannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. It is characterized by a polished face over its entirecircumference, indicating essentially no blowby passed over the ring face during engine operation. D41753.1.4 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid contaminant materials unint
39、entionally introduced into the engine orresulting from wear.3.1.4.1 DiscussionExamples include such things as gasket material, silicone sealer, towel threads, and metal particles. D58623.1.5 filtering, nin data acquisition, a means of attenuating signals in a given frequency range. They can be mecha
40、nical(volume tank, spring, mass) or electrical (capacitance, inductance) or digital (mathematical formulas), or a combination thereof.Typically, a low-pass filter attenuates the unwanted high frequency noise.3.1.6 hot-stuck piston ring, nin internal combustion engines, a piston ring that is stuck wh
41、en the piston and ring are at roomtemperature, and inspection shows that it was stuck during engine operation.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe portion of the ring that is stuck cannot be moved with moderate finger pressure. A hot-stuck piston ring is characterized byvarnish or carbon across some portion of its
42、 face, indicating that portion of the ring was not contacting the cylinder wall duringengine operation. D41753.1.7 knock, nin a spark ignition engine, abnormal combustion, often producing audible sound, caused by autoignition of theair/fuel mixture. D41753.1.8 out of specification data, nin data acq
43、uisition, sampled value of a monitored test parameter that has deviated beyondthe procedural limits.3.1.9 reading, nin data acquisition, the reduction of data points that represent the operating conditions observed in the timeperiod as defined in the test procedure.3.1.10 scoring, nin tribology, a s
44、evere form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in thedirection of sliding. G403.1.11 scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motion thatdoes not result in immobilization of the parts.3.1.12 sludge,
45、nin internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.13 time constant, nin data acquisition, A value which represent
46、s a measure of the time response of a system. For a firstorder system responding to a step change input, it is the time required for the output to reach 63.2 % of its final value.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents
47、butnot by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.15 wear, nloss of material from a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resulting frommechanical or chemical action, or a combination of both. D74223.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 clogging, nthe rest
48、riction of a flow path due to the accumulation of material along the flow path boundaries.3.2.2 enrichment, nin internal combustion engine operation, a fuel consumption rate in excess of that which would achievea stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio.3.2.2.1 DiscussionEnrichment is usually indicated by e
49、levated CO levels and can also be detected with an extended range air/fuel ratio sensor.3.2.3 Lambda, nthe ratio of actual air mass induced, during engine operation, divided by the theoretical air mass requirementat the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the given fuel.D6593 1743.2.3.1 DiscussionA Lambda value of 1.0 denotes a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.3.2.4 low-temperature, light-duty conditions, nindicative of engine oil and coolant temperatures that average below normalwarmed-up temperatures, and engine speeds and power outputs that average
