1、Designation: D 6599 00Standard Practice forConstruction of Live Fascines on Slopes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the material, fabrication and instal-lation work to construct live fascines.1.2 The values in this standard are in SI units
3、and are to beregarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given inparentheses are for information only.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessiona
4、l judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without considerations of aprojects
5、many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the titleof this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, i
6、f any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 live fascine, na linear bundle of live cut branches ofw
7、oody plant material that propagates easily from cuttings. Thebundle is anchored in a shallow trench and partially coveredwith soil.2.1.2 rolled erosion control product, na material manu-factured into rolls designed to reduce erosion and assist in thegermination, establishment and/or anchorage of veg
8、etation.2.1.3 dead stout stake, na wood stake approximately .75to 1 m (2.5 to 3 ft) in length. Construct dead stout stakes from3.8 3 8.9 cm (29 3 49) dimensional lumber cut diagonallyalong the 8.9 cm face.2.1.4 live stake, na woody stem or branch of vegetativelyself-propagating woody plant species.
9、Live stakes are approxi-mately 2.5 to 4 cm (.59 to 1.59) in diameter and 60 to 75 cm(249309) in length with the terminal end sharpened to a pointor a steep angular cut. Use live stakes as additional anchors andpropagating material on the downslope side of live fascinebundles.3. Summary of Practice3.
10、1 A live fascine is comprised of live cut plant stems andbranches, typically of woody plant species (e.g., willow,dogwood, poplar, etc.) that are formed into linear bundles.These bundles are installed in shallow trenches, secured in thetrench with wood stakes, then backfilled with enough soil toleav
11、e a small portion on top of the branch bundle exposed. Livefascines assist to control erosion, encourage vegetative topgrowth establishment and rooting for shallow soil stabilization.4. Significance and Use4.1 Live fascines are used to provide erosion and sedimen-tation control by increasing infiltr
12、ation, slowing or redirectingrunoff, and trapping seed and sediments. The method providesshallow mechanical surface slope stabilization, and providesenhanced values through vegetative growth and additionalshallow soil reinforcement through the development of theroots. The ability of live fascines to
13、 function properly dependson the quality and choice of the materials used to construct thelive fascine, the means and methods of fabrication and instal-lation, and proper consideration of site characteristics and timeof year. For the live fascine to function completely, it isimportant that the live
14、fascine develops suitable growth.5. Materials5.1 Live Woody Plant Materialare woody stems andbranch cuttings of vegetatively self-propagating woody plantspecies.When constructing a live fascine, use only fresh or well-preserved viable cuttings. Do not use dead plant material inlive fascines. The ste
15、ms or branches should be long, straightand flexible to allow easy assembly into bundles. Typically,plants are harvested near the project site within the sameclimatic zone. Cut the plant material in lengths ranging from 2to4m(68 to 138). Greater lengths may be used if handling andsite conditions allo
16、w. The caliper (diameter) of cuttings gen-erally range from 1.2 to 2.5 cm (.59 to 19). The greatest successresults from cutting and installing vegetation during the dor-mant season.5.2 Brush Cutting ImplementsCut live vegetation with1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on S
17、oil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Nov.10,2000. Published March 2001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.tools such as pr
18、uning shears, loppers, clearing saws, chainsaws,or similar. Do not use axes or blunt implements.5.3 TiesSecure the bundle of live woody plant materialwith ties mode from baling twine, rope, belts or nylon ties (e.g.,electrical ties). Each tie should be long enough to reach aroundthe bundle, and stro
19、ng enough to keep the bundle secure.5.4 AnchorsWooden stakes (dead stout stakes) or metalrebar is used to anchor the live fascine in place.6. Construction6.1 Complete excavation and other earthwork before thelive fascine construction begins. The finished slope surfaceshould be approved prior to inst
20、alling the live fascine. Exca-vate a shallow trench 15 to 20 cm (69 to 89) deep and wide atthe appropriate location. In multiple row configurations exca-vate all additional trenches. The trench should be slightlyFIG. 1 Photograph of Live Fascine Fabrication (Tied Bundles, NotInstalled)FIG. 2 Cross-s
21、ection of Live Fascine (Installed)D 65992shallower than the diameter of live woody plant materialbundles. Temporarily stockpile excavated material on theuphill side of the trench. Any soil amendments, if needed,should be placed in the bottom and along the sides of the trenchand mixed into the soil,
22、before placing the live woody plantmaterial bundles.6.2 Harvest live woody plant material using a sharp, cleanbrush-cutting implement. The cuttings may be temporarilystored outdoors in water or in a moist environment for amaximum of 2 days when the outdoor temperature remainsbelow 10C (50F), or refr
23、igerated storage at 1C3C(33F39F) can be used for up to two (2) months, providedhumidity levels are maintained above 90%.6.3 Assemble the live woody plant material into bundlesapproximately 15 to 20 cm (69 to 89) in diameter. Staggercuttings to maintain a reasonably uniform bundle diameter.Maintain l
24、ive fascine uniformity by spacing bundle ties ap-proximately .35 m (18) on center.6.4 The installation of live woody plant material bundlesnormally begins at the bottom of the slope and proceedsupward, however alternate procedures may also be employed.To minimize live fascine damage while hand trans
25、porting themin place, use one person at approximately every 1.5 m (58)ofthe length to support the bundle.6.5 Place the bundles in the trench and secure with the deadstout stake (or other inert anchoring device) driven verticallythrough the center of the bundles at1m(38) on center. Theanchoring devic
26、e is driven flush with the top of the live woodyplant material bundles. Use extra stakes at connections andoverlaps. If live stakes are added, install them on the downhillside of the live woody plant material bundle at the samespacing between the dead stout stakes. Remove and replaceany live stakes
27、that shatter or break during installation.6.6 Backfill trench to accomplish good soil medium contactwith the live fascine bundle. Do not bury the entire bundle. Thelive fascine must have some branches exposed at final grade.Work and tamp the soil through and along either side the livefascine bundle.
28、 If necessary, water trench and bundle to ensuresoil migrates to voids within the fascine bundle.6.7 To provide temporary erosion protection and to expeditegermination and establishment of vegetation, seed, mulchand/or the use of rolled erosion control product may be used inconjunction with live fas
29、cines. Apply the seed in the areabetween the excavated trenches or alongside the live fascine.NOTEA rolled erosion control product was also used in this exampleFIG. 3 Photograph of Typical Complete Live FascineConstructionFIG. 4 Photograph of Live Fascines in the First Growing SeasonD 65993The seede
30、d areas should be mulched with an appropriate cover.If using a rolled erosion control product, change the installationsequence as follows; excavate the trench and stockpile soil,seed and fertilize between trench rows, install rolled erosioncontrol product (lined trenches will act as a key for thebla
31、nket), install live fascine and backfill trench/bundle (see6.6). Do not seed on top of the rolled erosion control productunless specified by manufacturer.7. Keywords7.1 erosion control; live fascine; soil bioengineering; slopestabilizationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
32、of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject t
33、o revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
34、 Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is
35、copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 65994
