1、Designation: D6599 00 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forConstruction of Live Fascines on Slopes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the material, fabrication and instal-lation work to construct live fascines.1.2 The values in this standard a
3、re in SI units and are to beregarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given inparentheses are for information only.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction
4、withprofessional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without consideration
5、s of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the titleof this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safet
6、y concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 live fascine, na linear bundle of live cut
7、 branches ofwoody plant material that propagates easily from cuttings. Thebundle is anchored in a shallow trench and partially coveredwith soil.2.1.2 rolled erosion control product, n a material manu-factured into rolls designed to reduce erosion and assist in thegermination, establishment and/or an
8、chorage of vegetation.2.1.3 dead stout stake, na wood stake approximately .75to 1 m (2.5 to 3 ft) in length. Construct dead stout stakes from3.8 8.9 cm (2“ 4“) dimensional lumber cut diagonally alongthe 8.9 cm face.2.1.4 live stake, na woody stem or branch of vegetativelyself-propagating woody plant
9、 species. Live stakes are approxi-mately 2.5 to 4 cm (.5“ to 1.5“) in diameter and 60 to 75 cm(24“30“) in length with the terminal end sharpened to a pointor a steep angular cut. Use live stakes as additional anchors andpropagating material on the downslope side of live fascinebundles.3. Summary of
10、Practice3.1 A live fascine is comprised of live cut plant stems andbranches, typically of woody plant species (for example,willow, dogwood, poplar, etc.) that are formed into linearbundles. These bundles are installed in shallow trenches,secured in the trench with wood stakes, then backfilled withen
11、ough soil to leave a small portion on top of the branch bundleexposed. Live fascines assist to control erosion, encouragevegetative top growth establishment and rooting for shallowsoil stabilization.4. Significance and Use4.1 Live fascines are used to provide erosion and sedimen-tation control by in
12、creasing infiltration, slowing or redirectingrunoff, and trapping seed and sediments. The method providesshallow mechanical surface slope stabilization, and providesenhanced values through vegetative growth and additionalshallow soil reinforcement through the development of theroots. The ability of
13、live fascines to function properly dependson the quality and choice of the materials used to construct thelive fascine, the means and methods of fabrication andinstallation, and proper consideration of site characteristics andtime of year. For the live fascine to function completely, it isimportant
14、that the live fascine develops suitable growth.5. Materials5.1 Live Woody Plant Material are woody stems and branchcuttings of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species.When constructing a live fascine, use only fresh or well-preserved viable cuttings. Do not use dead plant material inlive f
15、ascines. The stems or branches should be long, straightand flexible to allow easy assembly into bundles. Typically,plants are harvested near the project site within the sameclimatic zone. Cut the plant material in lengths ranging from 2to 4 m (6 to 13). Greater lengths may be used if handling and1Th
16、is practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2014. Published September 2014. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved i
17、n 2008 as D6599 00(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6599-00R14.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1site conditions allow. The caliper (diameter) of cuttings gen-erally range from 1.2 to 2.5 cm (.5“ to 1“). The greatest successresults f
18、rom cutting and installing vegetation during the dor-mant season.5.2 Brush Cutting ImplementsCut live vegetation withtools such as pruning shears, loppers, clearing saws, chainsaws,or similar. Do not use axes or blunt implements.5.3 TiesSecure the bundle of live woody plant materialwith ties mode fr
19、om baling twine, rope, belts or nylon ties (forexample, electrical ties). Each tie should be long enough toreach around the bundle, and strong enough to keep the bundlesecure.5.4 AnchorsWooden stakes (dead stout stakes) or metalrebar is used to anchor the live fascine in place.6. Construction6.1 Com
20、plete excavation and other earthwork before thelive fascine construction begins. The finished slope surfaceshould be approved prior to installing the live fascine. Exca-vate a shallow trench 15 to 20 cm (6“ to 8“) deep and wide atthe appropriate location. In multiple row configurations exca-vate all
21、 additional trenches. The trench should be slightlyshallower than the diameter of live woody plant materialbundles. Temporarily stockpile excavated material on theuphill side of the trench. Any soil amendments, if needed,should be placed in the bottom and along the sides of the trenchand mixed into
22、the soil, before placing the live woody plantmaterial bundles.6.2 Harvest live woody plant material using a sharp, cleanbrush-cutting implement. The cuttings may be temporarilystored outdoors in water or in a moist environment for amaximum of 2 days when the outdoor temperature remainsbelow 10C (50F
23、), or refrigerated storage at 1C3C(33F39F) can be used for up to two (2) months, providedhumidity levels are maintained above 90%.6.3 Assemble the live woody plant material into bundlesapproximately 15 to 20 cm (6“ to 8“) in diameter. Staggercuttings to maintain a reasonably uniform bundle diameter.
24、Maintain live fascine uniformity by spacing bundle ties ap-proximately .35 m (1) on center.6.4 The installation of live woody plant material bundlesnormally begins at the bottom of the slope and proceedsupward, however alternate procedures may also be employed.To minimize live fascine damage while h
25、and transporting themin place, use one person at approximately every 1.5 m (5) ofthe length to support the bundle.6.5 Place the bundles in the trench and secure with the deadstout stake (or other inert anchoring device) driven verticallythrough the center of the bundles at 1 m (3) on center. Theanch
26、oring device is driven flush with the top of the live woodyplant material bundles. Use extra stakes at connections andoverlaps. If live stakes are added, install them on the downhillside of the live woody plant material bundle at the samespacing between the dead stout stakes. Remove and replaceany l
27、ive stakes that shatter or break during installation.6.6 Backfill trench to accomplish good soil medium contactwith the live fascine bundle. Do not bury the entire bundle. Thelive fascine must have some branches exposed at final grade.Work and tamp the soil through and along either side the livefasc
28、ine bundle. If necessary, water trench and bundle to ensuresoil migrates to voids within the fascine bundle.6.7 To provide temporary erosion protection and to expeditegermination and establishment of vegetation, seed, mulchand/or the use of rolled erosion control product may be used inconjunction wi
29、th live fascines. Apply the seed in the areabetween the excavated trenches or alongside the live fascine.The seeded areas should be mulched with an appropriate cover.If using a rolled erosion control product, change the installationsequence as follows; excavate the trench and stockpile soil,seed and
30、 fertilize between trench rows, install rolled erosionFIG. 1 Photograph of Live Fascine Fabrication (Tied Bundles, NotInstalled)D6599 00 (2014)2control product (lined trenches will act as a key for theblanket), install live fascine and backfill trench/bundle (see6.6). Do not seed on top of the rolle
31、d erosion control productunless specified by manufacturer.7. Keywords7.1 erosion control; live fascine; soil bioengineering; slopestabilizationFIG. 2 Cross-section of Live Fascine (Installed)NOTE 1Arolled erosion control product was also used in this exampleFIG. 3 Photograph of Typical Complete Live
32、 Fascine Construc-tionD6599 00 (2014)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the r
33、iskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of t
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35、e your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained b
36、y contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 4 Photograph of Live Fascines in the First Growing SeasonD6599 00 (2014)4
