1、Designation: D6599 00 (Reapproved 2014)2Standard Practice forConstruction of Live Fascines on Slopes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded editorial changes throughout in September 2014.2NOTEEditorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.1. Scope*1.1
3、This practice covers the material, fabrication and instal-lation work to construct live fascines.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This practice offers a
4、 set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent
5、 or replace standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without considerations of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the titleof this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the AST
6、M consensus process.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practi
7、ces and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and
8、Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 live fascine, nin erosion control, a linear bundle oflive cut branches of woody plant material that propagateseasily from cuttings. The bundle is anchored in a shall
9、owtrench and partially covered with soil.2.1.1.1 DiscussionTypically woody plant species (forexample, willow, dogwood, poplar, etc.) are sources for the livecut branches.2.1.2 rolled erosion control product, n a material manu-factured into rolls designed to reduce erosion and assist in thegerminatio
10、n, establishment and/or anchorage of vegetation.2.1.3 dead stout stake, nin erosion control, a wood stakeapproximately 0.75 to 1 m (2.5 to 3 ft) in length. Constructdead stout stakes from 50 100 mm (2 4 in.) dimensionallumber cut diagonally along the 100-mm (4-in.) face.2.1.4 live stake, nin erosion
11、 control, a woody stem orbranch of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species.Live stakes are approximately 25 to 40 mm (0.5 to 1.5 in.) indiameter and 0.60 to 0.75 m (2 to 2.5 ft) in length with theterminal end sharpened to a point or a steep angular cut. Uselive stakes as additional anchors
12、 and propagating material onthe downslope side of live fascine bundles.3. Summary of Practice3.1 A live fascine is comprised of live cut plant stems andbranches, typically of woody plant species (for example,willow, dogwood, poplar, etc.) that are formed into linearbundles. These bundles are install
13、ed in shallow trenches,secured in the trench with wood stakes, then backfilled withenough soil to leave a small portion on top of the branch bundleexposed. Live fascines assist to control erosion, encouragevegetative top growth establishment and rooting for shallowsoil stabilization.4. Significance
14、and Use4.1 Live fascines are used to provide erosion and sedimen-tation control by increasing infiltration, slowing or redirectingrunoff, and trapping seed and sediments. The method providesshallow mechanical surface slope stabilization, and providesenhanced values through vegetative growth and addi
15、tionalshallow soil reinforcement through the development of theroots. The ability of live fascines to function properly dependson the quality and choice of the materials used to construct thelive fascine, the means and methods of fabrication and1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit
16、tee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2014. Published September 2014. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6599 00(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6599-00R14E02
17、.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization est
18、ablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1installation, and proper consideration of site characteristics andtime of year. For the live fascine to
19、 function completely, it isimportant that the live fascine develops suitable growth.5. Materials5.1 Live Woody Plant Material are woody stems and branchcuttings of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species.5.1.1 When constructing a live fascine, use only fresh orwell-preserved viable cutting
20、s. Do not use dead plant materialin live fascines. The stems or branches should be long, straightand flexible to allow easy assembly into bundles. Typically,plants are harvested near the project site within the sameclimatic zone. Cut the plant material in lengths ranging from 2to4m(6to13ft). Greater
21、 lengths may be used if handling andsite conditions allow. The caliper (diameter) of cuttings gen-erally range from 12 to 25 mm (0.5 to 1 in.). The greatestsuccess results from cutting and installing vegetation duringthe dormant season. See Figs. 1-3.5.2 Brush Cutting ImplementsCut live vegetation w
22、ithtools such as pruning shears, loppers, clearing saws, chainsaws,or similar. Do not use axes or blunt implements.5.3 TiesSecure the bundle of live woody plant materialwith ties mode from baling twine, rope, belts or nylon ties (forexample, electrical ties). Each tie should be long enough toreach a
23、round the bundle, and strong enough to keep the bundlesecure.5.4 AnchorsWooden stakes (dead stout stakes) or metalrebar is used to anchor the live fascine in place.6. Construction6.1 Complete excavation and other earthwork before thelive fascine construction begins. The finished slope surfaceshould
24、be approved prior to installing the live fascine. Asshown in Figs. 2 and 4, the live fanzines and its trenches areperpendicular to the slopes surface or at a small angle tofacilitate runoff of rain/surface water. Excavate a shallowtrench 150- to 200-cm (6- to 8-in.) deep and wide at theappropriate l
25、ocation. In multiple row configurations excavateall additional trenches. The trench should be slightly shallowerthan the diameter of live fascines. Temporarily stockpileexcavated material on the uphill side of the trench. Any soilamendments, if needed, should be placed in the bottom andalong the sid
26、es of the trench and mixed into the soil, beforeplacing the live fascines.6.2 Harvest live woody plant material using a sharp, cleanbrush-cutting implement. The cuttings may be temporarilystored outdoors in water or in a moist environment for amaximum of 2 days when the outdoor temperature remainsbe
27、low 10C (50F), or refrigerated storage at 1 to 3C (33 to39F) can be used for up to two (2) months, provided humiditylevels are maintained above 90%.6.3 Assemble the live fascine into bundles approximately150 to 200 mm (6 to 8 in.) in diameter. Stagger cuttings tomaintain a reasonably uniform live fa
28、scine diameter. Maintainlive fascine uniformity by spacing ties approximately 0.30-m(1-ft) on center.6.4 The installation of live fascines normally begins at thebottom of the slope and proceeds upward, however alternateprocedures may also be employed. To minimize live fascinedamage while hand transp
29、orting them in place, use one personat approximately every 1.5 m (5 ft) of the length to support thebundle.6.5 Place the live fascines in the trench and secure with thedead stout stake (or other inert anchoring device) drivenvertically through the center of the live fascine at1m(3ft)oncenter. The an
30、choring device is driven flush with the top of thelive fascines. Use extra stakes at connections and overlaps. Iflive stakes are added, install them on the downhill side of thelive fascines at the same spacing between the dead stout stakes.Remove and replace any live stakes that shatter or break dur
31、inginstallation.6.6 Backfill trench to accomplish good soil medium contactwith the live fascine. Do not bury the entire live fascine. Thelive fascine must have some branches exposed at final grade.Work and tamp the soil through and along either side the livefascine. If necessary, water trench and li
32、ve fascine to ensuresoil migrates to voids within the live fascine.FIG. 1 Photograph of Live Fascine Fabrication (Tied Bundles, NotInstalled and Resting on X-Shaped Sawhorses)D6599 00 (2014)226.7 To provide temporary erosion protection and to expeditegermination and establishment of vegetation, seed
33、, mulchand/or the use of rolled erosion control product may be used inconjunction with live fascines. Apply the seed in the areabetween the excavated trenches or alongside the live fascine.The seeded areas should be mulched with an appropriate cover.If using a rolled erosion control product, change
34、the installationsequence as follows; excavate the trench and stockpile soil,seed and fertilize between trench rows, install rolled erosioncontrol product (lined trenches will act as a key for theFIG. 2 Cross-section of Live Fascine (Installed)*For SI Units, replace 2 to 3 inch with 50 to 75 mm, 2- t
35、o 3-ft with 0.75 to 1 m and 6 to 8 inches with 150 to 200 mm.NOTE 1Arolled erosion control product was also used in this exampleFIG. 3 Photograph of Typical Complete Live Fascine Construc-tionD6599 00 (2014)23blanket), install live fascine and backfill trench/live fascine(see 6.6). Do not seed on to
36、p of the rolled erosion controlproduct unless specified by manufacturer.7. Keywords7.1 erosion control; live fascine; soil bioengineering; slopestabilizationSUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard sincethe last editi
37、on (D659900(2008) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved August 15, 2014)(1) Fixed units throughout text and figures.(2) Referenced figures in text.(3) In Terminology, added limiting phrase to each definitionand added a discussion to the definition of live fascine.(4) In Section 6, adju
38、sted wording for “live fascine” so it isconsistent throughout that section.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity
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41、received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copie
42、s) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 4 Photograph of Live Fascines in the First Growing SeasonD6599 00 (2014)24
