1、Designation: D6636 01 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Ply Adhesion Strength of ReinforcedGeomembranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6636; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the adhe-sion strength (180 peel) between plies of reinforc
3、ed geomem-branes such as internally reinforced geomembranes and coatedfabrics.1.2 This test method is not intended for determining thestrength of geomembrane seams or for determining the plyadhesion strength of geocomposite components (such as non-woven geotextile bonded to geomembrane, or geotextil
4、ebonded to drainage core).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this sta
5、ndard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision
6、on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines forTextilesD4354 Practice for Samp
7、ling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability ofGeotextiles by Permittivity3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, nair main-tained at a relative humidi
8、ty between 50 to 70 % and atemperature of 21 6 2 C (70 6 4 F).3.1.2 geocomposite, na multi-component product, at leastone of which is a geosynthetic.3.1.3 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosyn-thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIn geotechnical engineering, “e
9、ssen-tially impermeable” means that no measurable liquid flowsthrough a geosynthetic when tested in accordance with TestMethods D4491/D4491M.3.1.4 ply adhesion, nbond between layers of a laminatedmaterial.3.1.5 ply adhesion strength, nforce per unit width requiredto cause separation in peel between
10、layers of a laminatedmaterial.3.1.6 reinforced geomembrane, na geomembrane inter-nally reinforced with a textile.3.1.7 selvage, nan edge or edging which differs from themain part of a geosynthetic.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The plies of the reinforced geomembrane are firstpartially peeled apart by
11、 hand for a distance of 25 to 50 mm (1to 2 in.) to allow clamping of the specimen in the grips of thetensile machine. The plies are then separated at an angle of180 at a constant rate of extension and the crosshead move-ment and force are recorded.5. Significance and Use5.1 This method is an index t
12、est and measures the forcerequired to separate individual plies of a reinforced geomem-brane. The acceptable value of adhesion will vary for differenttypes of products. However, for a particular type of product,minimum values of ply adhesion can be determined and agreed1This test method is under the
13、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6636 01 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D6636-01R18.
14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
15、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the
16、World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1to by producer and consumer, and both can monitor to ensurecompliance with the agreed-upon value.5.2 DisputesIn case of a dispute arising from differencesin reported test results when using this test method foracceptance testing o
17、f commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical difference between their laboratories.Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the inves-tigation of this difference. At a minimum, the two partiesshould take a gro
18、up of test specimens which are from the samelot of material as those type in question and which are ashomogeneous as possible. The test specimens should then berandomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. The average results from the two laboratories should becompared using Stud
19、ents t-test for unpaired data and anacceptable probability level chosen by the two parties beforethe testing began. If a difference is found, either its cause mustbe found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier mustagree to interpret future test results in the light of the knowndifference.
20、6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing MachineA constant rate of extension(CRE) testing machine complying with Specification D76/D76M shall be used. The load cell shall be accurate to within61 % of the applied force. The testing machine shall becapable of maintaining a constant rate of extension of50 mm mi
21、n (2 in./min) over the entire duration of the test.6.2 The testing machine shall be equipped with either a stripchart recorder or similar auxiliary equipment capable ofproducing a hardcopy of the force-versus-displacement graph.Computerized data acquisition systems are acceptable.6.3 The force appli
22、ed during the test shall be greater than15 % and less than 85 % of the load range selected.6.4 GripsThe grip faces shall be a minimum of 25 mm(1 in.) wide and clamp the entire width of the specimen withappropriate clamping force to prevent specimen slippage ordamage (crushing). Grips shall be design
23、ed to transmit theapplied force evenly over the entire width of the specimens.NOTE 1Constant-pressure pneumatic and wedge-type grips haveperformed satisfactorily for many types of products.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleFor the lot sample, take rolls of geomem-brane per the applicable project specificatio
24、n, or as agreedupon between purchaser and supplier. Unless otherwisespecified, refer to Practice D4354, “Sampling of Geosyntheticsfor Testing.”7.2 Laboratory SampleFor the laboratory sample, take afull-width swatch approximately1m(3ft)long by roll widthfor each roll in the lot sample. Take a sample
25、that will excludematerial from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wraparound the core. In the case where the sample is taken at theproduction site, material from the inner and outer wrap may beused.7.3 Test SpecimenThe standard test specimens shall be 256 0.5 mm (1.00 6 0.02 in.) wide and at le
26、ast 200 mm (8 in.)long to permit ply separation over a length of at least 100 mm(4 in.). The test specimens shall be cut parallel to the scrim. Notest specimen shall be taken closer than 100 mm (4 in.) fromthe selvage.7.4 Number of Test SpecimensPrepare five test specimens,in the longitudinal (machi
27、ne) direction only.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Standard Method Separation SheetDuringmanufacture, specimens can be easily obtained by deliberatelyplacing separation sheets between the plies.8.2 Alternate MethodSeparate the plies of the reinforcedgeomembrane by hand for a distance of 25 to 50
28、 mm (1 to2 in.) to allow clamping of the specimen in the grips of thetensile machine. A sharp knife or scalpel may prove useful toinitiate ply separation.9. Conditioning9.1 Prior to testing, condition the specimens for a minimumof 24 h at the standard atmosphere for testing geosynthetics.10. Procedu
29、re10.1 Fix the separated ends of the test specimen in the gripsof the testing machine and adjust so that the tension isdistributed uniformly, that no twisting of the test specimenoccurs during the test, and that the angle of separation isapproximately 180. The portion of the test specimen not fixedi
30、n the grips is left unrestrained.10.2 Speed of TestingThe speed of testing is 50 mm/min(2 in./min). The speed of testing is to be uniform throughoutthe test.10.3 Test AtmosphereThe test atmosphere shall be thestandard atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, 21 6 2 C (706 4 F) and 50 to 70 % relative h
31、umidity.10.4 Begin the test. Measure and record the force necessaryfor ply separation over a length of at least 100 mm (4 in.).10.5 TearingIf during the test, either ply begins to tearinstead of separating at the bonded interface, cut the ply beingtorn with a knife up to the surface of contact betwe
32、en the twoplies and start the test again. In case of repeated tearing, eitherreject the specimen and prepare additional specimens, oraccept the test and record the highest load at which tearingoccurs (see 11.1).11. Interpretation of Results11.1 The true ply adhesion strength is not determined if the
33、specimens repeatedly tear. However, tearing indicates that theply adhesion strength exceeds the tear strength of the indi-vidual plies. In cases of tearing, the results should be sodesignated in the report per 13.1.7.11.2 The ply adhesion strength may differ between differentplies of the same articl
34、e and also at different points along thesame ply. Therefore, the ply adhesion strength should beD6636 01 (2018)2measured over a reasonable separation distance. Whenpossible, the separation distance shall be at least 100 mm(4 in.).12. Calculations12.1 Ply Adhesion StrengthCalculate the ply adhesionst
35、rength for each of the individual specimens; that is, calculatethe force per unit width required to cause the plies to separate:SPA5 F/W (1)where:SPA= ply adhesion strength, N/m (lbf/in.),F = force, N (lbf), andW = width, m (in.).12.2 The force required to cause ply separation for anindividual speci
36、men is maximum load recorded during the test.For specimens that repeatedly tear, the true value may behigher than the recorded maximum load.12.3 The final reported value shall be the average of theresults from the five test specimens.13. Report13.1 The report shall include the following:13.1.1 A sta
37、tement that the specimens were tested in accor-dance with this standard, listing any variations.13.1.2 Date of test.13.1.3 Test temperature and relative humidity.13.1.4 Identification of the material tested, including date ofmanufacture (if known).13.1.5 Method of test specimen preparation per Secti
38、on 8.13.1.6 Test equipment, including size and type of grip faces.13.1.7 A report of the individual specimen results which arethe maximum loads recorded during each test, reported as forceper unit width. For specimens that tear, the highest forcerecorded during that test should be reported. Identify
39、 primaryfailure mode for each specimen as either “ply separation” or“tear.”13.1.8 A report of the average results for the five (5)specimens tested in units of N/m (lbf/in.).13.1.9 Observations and recorded data on which the resultsare based.14. Precision and Bias14.1 PrecisionThe precision of this t
40、est method is beingestablished.14.2 BiasThe true value of ply adhesion of reinforcedgeomembranes can be defined only in terms of a test method.Since there is no referee test method, the procedures within thistest method have no bias.15. Keywords15.1 geomembranes; ply adhesion; reinforcedASTM Interna
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44、rds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 01 (2018)3
