1、Designation: D 6670 01 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forFull-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile OrganicEmissions from Indoor Materials/Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6670; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile or-ganic compound (VOC)
3、 emissions from materials and products(building materials, material systems, furniture, consumerproducts, etc.) and equipment (printers, photocopiers, aircleaners, etc.) under environmental and product usage condi-tions that are typical of those found in office and residentialbuildings.1.2 This prac
4、tice is for identifying VOCs emitted anddetermining their emission rates over a period of time.1.3 This practice describes the design, construction, perfor-mance evaluation, and use of full-scale chambers for VOCemission testing.1.4 While this practice is limited to the measurement ofVOC emissions,
5、many of the general principles and procedures(such as methods for evaluating the general performance of thechamber system) may also be useful for the determination ofother chemical emissions (for example, ozone, nitrogen diox-ide). Determination of aerosol and particle emissions is beyondthe scope o
6、f this document.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD 1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relatingto Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD 3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-ganic Compound Vapors (A
7、ctivated Charcoal Tube Ad-sorption Method)D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions From Indoor Materials/ProductsD 5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehydeand Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active SamplerMethodology)D 5466 Test Method for Det
8、ermination of Volatile OrganicChemicals in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling Methodol-ogy)D 6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, andThermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or-ganic Compounds in AirD 6345 Guide for Selection of Methods for Active, Integra-tive Sampling of Volat
9、ile Organic Compounds in AirE 779 Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate byFan PressurizationE 1333 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Con-centrations inAir and Emission Rates from Wood ProductsUsing a Large ChamberIEEE/ASTM SI-10 - Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (S
10、I): The Modern Metric System2.2 Other Documents:ACGIH 1995 (American Conference of Governmental In-dustrial Hygienists), Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) forChemical Substances and Physical Agents in the WorkEnvironment and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati,OHASHRAE 2004, ASHRAE 62.1-2004 “Ventil
11、ation for Ac-ceptable Indoor Air Quality,” American Society of Heat-ing, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers. At-lanta, GA.ASHRAE 2004, ASHRAE 62.2-2004 “Ventilation and Ac-ceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise ResidentialBuildings,” American Society of Heating, Refrigerating,and Air-Con
12、ditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.CMEIAQ (Consortium for Material Emissions and IndoorAir Quality) Final Report 1.1 AMethod for Sampling andAnalysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in EmissionTesting of Building Materials. Institute for Research inConstruction, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa,
13、Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as
14、 D 6670 - 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
15、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.CMEIAQ Final Report 3.1 Models for Predicting VolatileOrganic Compound (VOC) Emissions from BuildingMaterials, Institute for Research in Construction, NationalResearch Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6,CanadaECA-IAQ (European C
16、ollaborative Action) “Indoor AirQuality and Its Impact on Man,” 1997. Total volatileorganic compounds (TVOCs) in indoor air quality inves-tigations. Report No. 19. EUR 17675 EN. Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Commu-nityU.S. EPA Compendium of Methods for Determination ofT
17、oxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Report EPA-600/4-89/017 available through the National TechnicalInformation Service, Springfield, VA 22161; PB90-116989. This report contains TO-17World Health Organization, 1989 “Indoor Air Quality: Or-ganic Pollutants,” EURO Reports and Studies No. 111,World
18、Health Organization, Copenhagen, pp. 1-643. Terminology3.1 Definitionsor definitions and terms commonly used inASTM standards, including this standard, refer to TerminologyD 1356. For an explanation of units, symbols, and conversionfactors, refer to Practice D 1914.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
19、to This Standard:3.2.1 chamber loading ratiothe total amount of test speci-men divided by the net air volume of the environmental testchamber in 1/m3, m/m3,m2/m3, and m3/m3for unit, line, area,and volume emission sources, respectively (see 3.2.4).3.2.2 clean airdefined in this practice as air that s
20、atisfiesall of the following criteria:(1) concentrations of total VOCs # 10 g/m3;(2) concentration of any individual compound to be mea-sured # 2.0 g/m3;(3) particle concentrations # 100 particles/ft3of 0.5 mdiameter or larger (that is, the Class M2 according toASHRAE1995 (1)3clean room requirement
21、for 0.5 m diameterparticles;(4) concentrations of ozone and other potentially reactivespecies such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx)should be at or below detectable levels (for example, 0.5m diameter particles ASHRAE 1997c (16), and8.1.1.4 ozone and other potentially reactive species
22、(NOx,SOx, etc.) should be at or below their detectable levels (forexample, each reactive compound 0.9). However, its validity forextrapolating the test results to a time beyond the test perioddepends on how well the emission process is physicallydescribed by the model. In a product-specific test pro
23、tocol, theemission characteristics of the specific product type should beused to specify the time period within which the model is valid.12. Report of the Test Results12.1 The report should generally include the followinginformation:12.1.1 Testing ObjectivesThe purpose of the testingproject and inte
24、nded use of the results.12.1.2 Testing Laboratory IdentificationThe name, ad-dress, phone/fax numbers, and contact person.12.1.3 Product IdentificationThe name, specific identifi-ers from the manufacturer, and a brief description of theproduct, its application, and history.12.1.4 The procedure of co
25、llecting, packaging, handling,shipping, and storage of material samples.12.1.5 Facility and Equipment IdentificationA generaldescription of the facilities and equipment, including chemicalsampling and analysis.12.1.6 Test ConditionsIncluding temperature, humidity,air change rate, and dimensions of t
26、he test specimen.12.1.7 Results(1) names of VOCs identified in the pre-screening analysis; (2) basis of selecting the individual VOCsfor environmental chamber testing; (3) concentration versustime data; and (4) emission factors calculated and/or theselected model and its coefficients for TVOCs and s
27、electedindividual VOCs. The report should clearly state all of thesampling, recovery, and analytical conditions relating to thedetermination of all analytes, as well as the method ofcalculating TVOC values.D 6670 01 (2007)18NOTE 9The TVOC value is a method-dependent measurement. Whenreporting TVOC v
28、alues, the user of this practice should indicate themeasurement method used, including a detailed description of the adsor-bents employed, the sampling volume, instruments, and analytical condi-tions. It is recommended that the VOC range, expressed as vapor pressure(v.p.) at 25 C, of a given method
29、be reported in parentheses with TVOCresults; for example, TVOC-by-GC/MS (v.p. 150 to 0.3 kPa) = 10 mg/m3.NOTE 10The European Union and WHO define VOCs by differentcriteria. The WHO definition is based upon boiling point; whereas, the EUdefinition contains a specific list of 64 compounds. The definit
30、ion inTerminology D 1356 may exclude some of the VOCs listed by theEuropean Union (for example, 4-phenylcyclohexene,2-butoxyethoxyethanol, and some of the higher boiling n-alkanes).12.1.8 ReferenceRefer to this practice and others asappropriate.12.2 Report all values in SI units unless specified oth
31、erwise.13. Quality Control and Quality Assurance13.1 Quality Assurance/Control (QA/QC) PlanA QA/QCplan should be designed and implemented to ensure theintegrity of the measured and reported data obtained duringproduct evaluation studies. This plan should encompass allfacets of the measurement progra
32、m from sample receipt to finalreview and issuance of reports.13.2 Data Quality Objectives/Acceptance CriteriaTheQA/QC plan should be based on established data qualityobjectives and acceptance criteria that will depend on thepurpose of the testing and the capability of the laboratory(equipment and pe
33、rsonnel) to conduct the test procedures. Dataquality objectives should be established for the followingparameters prior to initiating the testing program:13.2.1 Test Material/Product Transfer Time and Environ-mental ConditionsTolerance limits should be established forthe elapsed time from production
34、 to testing under an acceptablerange of specified environmental conditions.13.2.2 Test Chamber Conditions and Test ResultsPrecision and accuracy limits should be established for eachparameter in Table 2.Accuracy certifications are supplied by the manufacturers ofthe sensors who calibrate them agains
35、t National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST)-traceable primary sources.Accuracy checks are performed with independent sensorscalibrated against NIST-traceable primary standards. Precisionmeasurements are obtained in the laboratory by continuousrecording of the parameters. Non-compliance re
36、quires imme-diate correction and/or replacement of sensors. Calibratedreplacements should be retained in the laboratory. Experienceshows that routine calibration and tracking of precision canprevent non-compliance.13.2.3 Record Keeping and LogsVarious documentationrequirements shall be implemented f
37、or all test parametersincluding environmental chamber and analytical performance.Many of these are identified in Guide D5116.Additionally, theidentity of persons conducting each procedure shall be re-corded. All devices used, date and time of tests, and the testdata should be part of QA/QC recording
38、 process. Complete-ness of records demonstrates the care and attention given to theQC process.13.3 CalibrationCalibration must be frequent enough toensure performance of the system within specified parameters.Frequency of calibration should be determined prior to the test,and periodic equipment chec
39、ks should verify the acceptableperformance. All calibration and verification measurementsshould be recorded including the time, equipment description,and measurement data.13.4 Accuracy DeterminationsAccuracy determinationsrequire measurements of a known emission source (for ex-ample, permeation tube
40、s, spiked samples) or test gas. Thesemeasurements should be made prior to establishing the projectdata quality objectives, and shall be consistent with the overalltesting objectives. The procedures and materials used forestablishing the accuracy of the measurement system should berecorded.13.5 Preci
41、sionPrecision determinations require replica-tions sufficient to establish the systematic variation associatedwith all measurements. When multiple chambers are used aspart of an experiment, duplicate samples shall be used.Variation in test data from a single chamber and amongchambers can be establis
42、hed by use of standardized sourcessuch as permeation tubes for determining organic concentra-tions and calculated emission rates.13.6 Duplicate AnalysisNo fewer than 15 % of the airsamples collected should be subject to duplicate analysis. Theresults of such analyses shall be recorded and assessed t
43、odetermine the adequacy of the total system performancerelative to the testing objectives.13.7 ChartingCharting QC data will allow analysis ofsystem performance and observation of anomalistic or unac-ceptable deviations.14. Keywords14.1 building materials; environmental test chambers; full-scale cha
44、mber testing; indoor air quality; indoor materials;indoor products; material emissions; organic emissionsTABLE 2 Recommended Accuracy and Precision LimitsParametersParameter Accuracy (as bias) PrecisionTemperature, C 60.5 60.5Relative humidity, % 65.0 65.0Air flow rate, % 65.0 65.0Area of the testin
45、g surface of the specimen, % 61.0 61.0Time, % 61.0 61.0Organic concentration, %RSDA. 615.0Emission factor, % RSDA. 620.0ARSD= Relative standard deviation = (s/m) 3 100 %, where,s=estimateofthestandard deviation; and m = mean. For the concentration, RSD is calculated fromreplicate air samples taken a
46、t the median of the chamber concentration observedduring the test period. For the emission factor, the RSD is calculated from replicatestandard source tests described in section 8.6.3 using the constant sourceprocedure.D 6670 01 (2007)19REFERENCES(1) ASHRAE 2005c. Space air diffusion. ASHRAE Handboo
47、k: Funda-mentals. Chapter 33. ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA30329.(2) Wolkoff, P. 1998. “Impact of air velocity, temperature, and humidity onlong-term VOC emissions from building products,” AtmosphericEnvironment. Vol. 32, No. 14/15, pp. 2659-2668.(3) Van der Wal, Jan F., Ank W. Hooge
48、veen and Paul Wouda. 1997. “Theinfluence of temperature on the emission of volatile organic com-pounds from PVC flooring, carpet, and paint.,” IndoorAir. 7: 215-221.(4) Brown, S.K. 1999. Indoor Air 9: 259-267.(5) Roache N., E. Howard, Z. Guo, and R. Fortmann. 1996. “Observationson application of the
49、 field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) forlatex paint emissionseffect of relative humidity,” Indoor Air 96.Vol. 2. pp. 657-662. The 7th International Conference on Indoor AirQuality and Climate, July 21-26, 1996. Nagoya, Japan.(6) Zhang, J.S., J.M. Kanabus-Kaminska, and C.Y. Shaw. 1996a. “Afull-scale test chamber for material emission studies and indoor airquality modelling,” In Characterizing Sources of Indoor Air Pollutionand Related Sink Effects, ASTM STP 1287, Bruce A. Tichenor, Ed.,American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA
