1、Designation: D6670 01 (Reapproved 2007)D6670 13Standard Practice forFull-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile OrganicEmissions from Indoor Materials/Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6670; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile organic compound (
3、VOC) emissions from materials and products (buildingmaterials, material systems, furniture, consumer products, etc.) and equipment (printers, photocopiers, air cleaners, etc.) underenvironmental and product usage conditions that are typical of those found in office and residential buildings.1.2 This
4、 practice is for identifying VOCs emitted and determining their emission rates over a period of time.1.3 This practice describes the design, construction, performance evaluation, and use of full-scale chambers for VOC emissiontesting.1.4 While this practice is limited to the measurement of VOC emiss
5、ions, many of the general principles and procedures (suchas methods for evaluating the general performance of the chamber system) may also be useful for the determination of otherchemical emissions (for example, ozone, nitrogen dioxide). Determination of aerosol and particle emissions is beyond the
6、scopeof this document.1.5 Values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriat
7、e safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmosp
8、heresD3686 Practice for SamplingAtmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal TubeAdsorption Method)D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other C
9、arbonyl Compounds inAir (Active Sampler Methodology)D5466 Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling Methodology)D6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, and Thermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile OrganicCompounds in AirD6345
10、 Guide for Selection of Methods for Active, Integrative Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in AirD7706 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale ChambersE741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas DilutionE779 Test Met
11、hod for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan PressurizationE1333 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products Using aLarge ChamberIEEE/ASTM SI-10 - StandardStandard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 O
12、ther Documents:ACGIH 19952012 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists), Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for ChemicalSubstances and Physical Agents in the Work Environment and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 o
13、n Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved April 1, 2007April 1, 2013. Published June 2007April 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 asD6670 - 01.D6670 - 01(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D6670-01R07.10.1
14、520/D6670-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is int
15、ended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curr
16、ent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1ASHRAE 2004,2010a, ASHRAE 62.1-200462.1-2010 “Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,” Am
17、erican Society ofHeating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Atlanta, GA.ASHRAE 2004,2010b, ASHRAE 62.2-200462.2-2010 “Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise ResidentialBuildings,” American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
18、CMEIAQ (Consortium for Material Emissions and Indoor Air Quality) Final Report 1.11999a A“A Method for Sampling andAnalysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Emission Testing of Building Materials. Materials.” Final Report 1.1 Consortiumfor Material Emissions and Indoor Air Quality, Institute for Res
19、earch in Construction, National Research Council Canada,Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, CanadaCMEIAQ Final Report 3.11999b Models“Models for Predicting Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions from BuildingMaterials, Materials.” Final Report 3.1 Consortium for Material Emissions and Indoor Air Quality, In
20、stitute for Research inConstruction, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, CanadaECA-IAQ (European Collaborative Action) “Indoor Air Quality and Its Impact on Man,” 1997. Total volatile organiccompounds (TVOCs) in indoor air quality investigations. Report No. 19. EUR 17675 EN. L
21、uxembourg: Office for OfficialPublications of the European CommunityU.S. EPA Compendium of Methods for Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds inAmbientAir, Report EPA-600/4-89/017available through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161; PB90-116989. This report containsT
22、O-17World Health Organization, 1989 “Indoor Air Quality: Organic Pollutants,” EURO Reports and Studies No. 111, World HealthOrganization, Copenhagen, pp. 1-64ISO 14644-1:1999 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled EnvironmentsPart 1: Classification of Air CleanlinessCompendium of Methods for the Deter
23、mination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Compendium Methods TO-15and TO-17, EPA/625/R-96-010b, January 1999, (NTIS No. PB99-172355)3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsor definitions and terms commonly used in ASTM standards, including this standard, refer to TerminologyD1356. For an explanation
24、of units, symbols, and conversion factors, refer to Practice D1914.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chamber loading ratiothe total amount of test specimen divided by the net air volume of the environmental test chamberin 1/m3, m/m3, m2/m3, and m3/m3 for unit, line, area, and
25、volume emission sources, respectively (see 3.2.43.2.5).3.2.2 clean airdefined in this practice as air that satisfies all of the following criteria:(1) concentrations of total VOCs 10 g/m3;(2) concentration of any individual compound to be measured 2.0 g/m3;(3) particle concentrations 100 particles/f
26、t35,200 particles/m3 of 0.5 m diameter or larger (that is, the ISO Class M26according to ASHRAE 1995 ISO 14644; (1) clean room requirement for 0.5 m diameter particles;(4) concentrations of ozone and other potentially reactive species such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) shouldbe at
27、 or below detectable levels (for example, 0.50.5 m diameter particles ASHRAE 1997c particles, (16) , and8.1.1.4 ozone and other potentially reactive species (NOx, SOx, etc.) should be at or below their detectable levels (for example,each reactive compound 0.9). However, its validity for extrapolatin
28、g the test results to a time beyond the test period depends on how well the emissionprocess is physically described by the model. In a product-specific test protocol, the emission characteristics of the specific producttype should be used to specify the time period within which the model is valid.12
29、. Report of the Test Results12.1 The report should generally include the following information:12.1.1 Testing ObjectivesThe purpose of the testing project and intended use of the results.12.1.2 Testing Laboratory IdentificationThe name, address, phone/fax numbers, and contact person.12.1.3 Product I
30、dentificationThe name, specific identifiers from the manufacturer, and a brief description of the product, itsapplication, and history.12.1.4 The procedure of collecting, packaging, handling, shipping, and storage of material samples.12.1.5 Facility and Equipment IdentificationA general description
31、of the facilities and equipment, including chemicalsampling and analysis.12.1.6 Test ConditionsIncluding temperature, humidity, air change rate, and dimensions of the test specimen.12.1.7 Results(1) names of VOCs identified in the prescreening analysis; (2) basis of selecting the individual VOCs for
32、environmental chamber testing; (3) concentration versus time data; and (4) emission factors calculated and/or the selected modeland its coefficients for TVOCs and selected individual VOCs. The report should clearly state all of the sampling, recovery, andanalytical conditions relating to the determi
33、nation of all analytes, as well as the method of calculating TVOC values.NOTE 9The TVOC value is a method-dependent measurement. When reporting TVOC values, the user of this practice should indicate themeasurement method used, including a detailed description of the adsorbents employed, the sampling
34、 volume, instruments, and analytical conditions. Itis recommended that the VOC range, expressed as vapor pressure (v.p.) at 25 C, of a given method be reported in parentheses with TVOC results; forexample, TVOC-by-GC/MS (v.p. 150 to 0.3 kPa) = 10 mg/m3.NOTE 10The European Union and WHO define VOCs b
35、y different criteria. The WHO definition is based upon boiling point; whereas, the EUdefinition contains a specific list of 64 compounds. The definition in Terminology D1356 may exclude some of the VOCs listed by the European Union(for example, 4-phenylcyclohexene, 2-butoxyethoxyethanol, and some of
36、 the higher boiling n-alkanes).12.1.8 ReferenceRefer to this practice and others as appropriate.12.2 Report all values in SI units unless specified otherwise.13. Quality Control and Quality Assurance13.1 Quality Assurance/Control (QA/QC) PlanAQA/QC plan should be designed and implemented to ensure t
37、he integrity ofthe measured and reported data obtained during product evaluation studies. This plan should encompass all facets of themeasurement program from sample receipt to final review and issuance of reports.13.2 Data Quality Objectives/Acceptance CriteriaThe QA/QC plan should be based on esta
38、blished data quality objectives andacceptance criteria that will depend on the purpose of the testing and the capability of the laboratory (equipment and personnel)to conduct the test procedures. Data quality objectives should be established for the following parameters prior to initiating thetestin
39、g program:13.2.1 Test Material/Product Transfer Time and Environmental ConditionsTolerance limits should be established for theelapsed time from production to testing under an acceptable range of specified environmental conditions.13.2.2 Test Chamber Conditions and Test ResultsPrecision and accuracy
40、 limits should be established for each parameter inTable 2.Accuracy certifications are supplied by the manufacturers of the sensors who calibrate them against National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST)-traceable primary sources.Accuracy checks are performed with independent sensors calibra
41、ted against NIST-traceable primary standards. Precisionmeasurements are obtained in the laboratory by continuous recording of the parameters. Non-compliance requires immediatecorrection and/or replacement of sensors. Calibrated replacements should be retained in the laboratory. Experience shows that
42、routine calibration and tracking of precision can prevent non-compliance.13.2.3 Record Keeping and LogsVarious documentation requirements shall be implemented for all test parameters includingenvironmental chamber and analytical performance. Many of these are identified in Guide D5116. Additionally,
43、 the identity ofpersons conducting each procedure shall be recorded. All devices used, date and time of tests, and the test data should be part ofQA/QC recording process. Completeness of records demonstrates the care and attention given to the QC process.D6670 132113.3 CalibrationCalibration must be
44、 frequent enough to ensure performance of the system within specified parameters.Frequency of calibration should be determined prior to the test, and periodic equipment checks should verify the acceptableperformance. All calibration and verification measurements should be recorded including the time
45、, equipment description, andmeasurement data.13.4 Accuracy DeterminationsAccuracy determinations require measurements of a known emission source (for example,permeation tubes, spiked samples) or test gas. These measurements should be made prior to establishing the project data qualityobjectives, and
46、 shall be consistent with the overall testing objectives. The procedures and materials used for establishing theaccuracy of the measurement system should be recorded.13.5 PrecisionPrecision determinations require replications sufficient to establish the systematic variation associated with allmeasur
47、ements. When multiple chambers are used as part of an experiment, duplicate samples shall be used. Variation in test datafrom a single chamber and among chambers can be established by use of standardized sources such as permeation tubes fordetermining organic concentrations and calculated emission r
48、ates.13.6 Duplicate AnalysisNo fewer than 15 % of the air samples collected should be subject to duplicate analysis. The resultsof such analyses shall be recorded and assessed to determine the adequacy of the total system performance relative to the testingobjectives.13.7 ChartingCharting QC data wi
49、ll allow analysis of system performance and observation of anomalistic or unacceptabledeviations.14. Keywords14.1 building materials; environmental test chambers; full-scale chamber testing; indoor air quality; indoor materials; indoorproducts; material emissions; organic emissionsREFERENCES(1) ASHRAE 2005c.2009a. Space air diffusion. ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals. Chapter 33.20. ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA30329.(2) Wolkoff, P. 1998. “Impact of air velocity, temperature, and humidity on long-term VOC emissions from building pro
