1、Designation: D6670 18Standard Practice forFull-Scale Chamber Determination of Volatile OrganicEmissions from Indoor Materials/Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6670; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile or-ganic compound (VOC) emissions from mater
3、ials and products(building materials, material systems, furniture, consumerproducts, etc.) and equipment (printers, photocopiers, aircleaners, etc.) under environmental and product usage condi-tions that are typical of those found in office and residentialbuildings.1.2 This practice is for identifyi
4、ng VOCs emitted anddetermining their emission rates over a period of time.1.3 This practice describes the design, construction, perfor-mance evaluation, and use of full-scale chambers for VOCemission testing.1.4 While this practice is limited to the measurement ofVOC emissions, many of the general p
5、rinciples and procedures(such as methods for evaluating the general performance of thechamber system) may also be useful for the determination ofother chemical emissions (for example, ozone, nitrogen diox-ide). Determination of aerosol and particle emissions is beyondthe scope of this document.1.5 T
6、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
7、ate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelop
8、ment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors R
9、elating toSampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde andOther Carbonyl Compounds inAir (Active Sampler Meth-odology)D5466 Test Method for
10、Determination of Volatile OrganicCompounds in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling Method-ology)D6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param-eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions forMonitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in AirD6345 Guide for Selection of Methods for Active, Integra-ti
11、ve Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in AirD7706 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissionsfrom Products Using Micro-Scale ChambersE741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a SingleZone by Means of a Tracer Gas DilutionE779 Test Method for DeterminingAir Leakage Rate by FanPressurizatio
12、nE1333 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concen-trations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood ProductsUsing a Large Chamber2.2 Other Documents:ASHRAE 62.12010 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor AirQuality3ASHRAE 62.22010 Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor AirQuality in Low-Rise Residential Build
13、ings3CMEIAQ 1999a A Method for Sampling and Analysis of1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last
14、 previous edition approved in 2013 as D6670 13. DOI:10.1520/D6670-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
15、website.3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis inte
16、rnational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Co
17、mmittee.1Volatile Organic Compounds in Emission Testing ofBuilding Materials, Final Report 1.1 Consortium forMaterial Emissions and Indoor Air Quality (Institute forResearch in Construction)4CMEIAQ 1999b Models for Predicting Volatile OrganicCompound (VOC) Emissions from Building Materials,Final Rep
18、ort 3.1 Consortium for Material Emissions andIndoor Air Quality (Institute for Research in Construc-tion)4EPA-600/4-89/017 Compendium of Methods for Determina-tion of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air (thisreport contains TO-17)5EPA/625/R-96-010b Compendium of Methods for the De-termination of
19、Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air,Compendium Methods TO-15 and TO-17, January 19995ISO 14644-1:1999 Cleanrooms and Associated ControlledEnvironmentsPart 1: Classification of Air Cleanliness63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions and terms commonly usedin ASTM standards, including this sta
20、ndard, refer to Terminol-ogy D1356. For an explanation of units, symbols, and conver-sion factors, refer to Practice D1914.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air change rate (1/h)the flow rate of air into thechamber divided by the net chamber volume usually expressedin unites o
21、f 1/h. The clean air flow rate may be measureddirectly at the clean air supply duct. The clean air change ratecan also be determined by conducting a tracer gas test (forexample, a tracer gas decay test) in the chamber. Note that theair exchange rate (in units of 1/h) is abbreviated as ACH.3.2.2 cham
22、ber loading ratiothe total amount of test speci-men exposed in the chamber divided by the net or correctedinternal air volume of the chamber.3.2.3 clean airdefined in this practice as air that satisfiesall of the following criteria:(1) concentrations of total VOCs 10 g/m3;(2) concentration of any in
23、dividual compound to be mea-sured 2.0 g/m3;(3) particle concentrations 35 200 particles/m3of 0.5 mdiameter or larger (that is, the ISO Class 6 according to ISO14644-1:1999;(4) concentrations of ozone and other potentially reactivespecies such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx)should be
24、 at or below detectable levels (for example, 0.9). However, its validity forextrapolating the test results to a time beyond the test perioddepends on how well the emission process is physicallydescribed by the model. In a product-specific test protocol, theemission characteristics of the specific pr
25、oduct type should beused to specify the time period within which the model is valid.12. Report of the Test Results12.1 The report should generally include the followinginformation:12.1.1 Testing ObjectivesThe purpose of the testing proj-ect and intended use of the results.D6670 181812.1.2 Testing La
26、boratory IdentificationThe name,address, phone/fax numbers, and contact person.12.1.3 Product IdentificationThe name, specific identifi-ers from the manufacturer, and a brief description of theproduct, its application, and history.12.1.4 The procedure of collecting, packaging, handling,shipping, and
27、 storage of material samples.12.1.5 Facility and Equipment IdentificationA generaldescription of the facilities and equipment, including chemicalsampling and analysis.12.1.6 Test ConditionsIncluding temperature, humidity,air change rate, and dimensions of the test specimen.12.1.7 Results(1) names of
28、 VOCs identified in the pre-screening analysis; (2) basis of selecting the individual VOCsfor environmental chamber testing; (3) concentration versustime data; and (4) emission factors calculated or the selectedmodel and its coefficients for TVOCs and selected individualVOCs, or both. The report sho
29、uld clearly state all of thesampling, recovery, and analytical conditions relating to thedetermination of all analytes, as well as the method ofcalculating TVOC values.NOTE 8The TVOC value is a method-dependent measurement. Whenreporting TVOC values, the user of this practice should indicate themeas
30、urement method used, including a detailed description of the adsor-bents employed, the sampling volume, instruments, and analytical condi-tions. It is recommended that the VOC range, expressed as vapor pressure(v.p.) at 25C, of a given method be reported in parentheses with TVOCresults; for example,
31、 TVOC-by-GC/MS (v.p. 150 to 0.3 kPa) = 10 mg/m3.NOTE 9The European Union (EU) and WHO define VOCs bydifferent criteria. The WHO definition is based upon boiling point;whereas, the EU definition contains a specific list of 64 compounds. Thedefinition in Terminology D1356 may exclude some of the VOCs
32、listed bythe European Union (for example, 4-phenylcyclohexene,2-butoxyethoxyethanol, and some of the higher boiling n-alkanes).12.1.8 ReferenceRefer to this practice and others as ap-propriate.12.2 Report all values in SI units unless specified otherwise.13. Quality Control and Quality Assurance13.1
33、 Quality Assurance/Control (QA/QC) PlanA QA/QCplan should be designed and implemented to ensure theintegrity of the measured and reported data obtained duringproduct evaluation studies. This plan should encompass allfacets of the measurement program from sample receipt to finalreview and issuance of
34、 reports.13.2 Data Quality Objectives/Acceptance CriteriaTheQA/QC plan should be based on established data qualityobjectives and acceptance criteria that will depend on thepurpose of the testing and the capability of the laboratory(equipment and personnel) to conduct the test procedures. Dataquality
35、 objectives should be established for the followingparameters prior to initiating the testing program:13.2.1 Test Material/Product Transfer Time and Environ-mental ConditionsTolerance limits should be established forthe elapsed time from production to testing under an acceptablerange of specified en
36、vironmental conditions.13.2.2 Test Chamber Conditions and Test ResultsPrecision and accuracy limits should be established for eachparameter in Table 2.Accuracy certifications are supplied by the manufacturers ofthe sensors who calibrate them against National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIS
37、T)-traceable primary sources.Accuracy checks are performed with independent sensorscalibrated against NIST-traceable primary standards. Precisionmeasurements are obtained in the laboratory by continuousrecording of the parameters. Non-compliance requires imme-diate correction or replacement of senso
38、rs, or both. Calibratedreplacements should be retained in the laboratory. Experienceshows that routine calibration and tracking of precision canprevent non-compliance.13.2.3 Record Keeping and LogsVarious documentationrequirements shall be implemented for all test parametersincluding environmental c
39、hamber and analytical performance.Many of these are identified in Guide D5116. Additionally, theidentity of persons conducting each procedure shall be re-corded. All devices used, date and time of tests, and the testdata should be part of QA/QC recording process. Complete-ness of records demonstrate
40、s the care and attention given to theQC process.13.3 CalibrationCalibration must be frequent enough toensure performance of the system within specified parameters.Frequency of calibration should be determined prior to the test,and periodic equipment checks should verify the acceptableperformance. Al
41、l calibration and verification measurementsshould be recorded including the time, equipment description,and measurement data.13.4 Accuracy DeterminationsAccuracy determinationsrequire measurements of a known emission source (forexample, permeation tubes, spiked samples) or test gas. Thesemeasurement
42、s should be made prior to establishing the projectdata quality objectives, and shall be consistent with the overalltesting objectives. The procedures and materials used forestablishing the accuracy of the measurement system should berecorded.13.5 PrecisionPrecision determinations require replica-tio
43、ns sufficient to establish the systematic variation associatedwith all measurements. When multiple chambers are used aspart of an experiment, duplicate samples shall be used.Variation in test data from a single chamber and amongchambers can be established by use of standardized sourcesTABLE 2 Recomm
44、ended Accuracy and Precision LimitsParametersParameterAccuracy(as bias)PrecisionTemperature, C 0.5 0.5Relative humidity, % 5.0 5.0Air flow rate, % 5.0 5.0Area of the testing surface of the specimen, % 1.0 1.0Time, % 1.0 1.0Organic concentration, % RSDA. . . 15.0Emission factor, % RSDA. . . 20.0ARSD
45、= relative standard deviation = (s/m) 100 %, where: s = estimate of thestandard deviation, and m = mean. For the concentration, RSD is calculated fromreplicate air samples taken at the median of the chamber concentration observedduring the test period. For the emission factor, the RSD is calculated
46、from replicatestandard source tests described in 8.6.3 using the constant source procedure.D6670 1819such as permeation tubes for determining organic concentra-tions and calculated emission rates.13.6 Duplicate AnalysisNo fewer than 15 % of the airsamples collected should be subject to duplicate ana
47、lysis. Theresults of such analyses shall be recorded and assessed todetermine the adequacy of the total system performancerelative to the testing objectives.13.7 ChartingCharting QC data will allow analysis ofsystem performance and observation of anomalistic or unac-ceptable deviations.14. Keywords1
48、4.1 building materials; environmental test chambers; full-scale chamber testing; indoor air quality; indoor materials;indoor products; material emissions; organic emissionsREFERENCES(1) ASHRAE, “Space Air Diffusion,” Chapter 20, ASHRAE Handbook:Fundamentals, 2009.(2) Wolkoff, P., “Impact of Air Velo
49、city, Temperature, and Humidity onLong-Term VOC Emissions from Building Products,” AtmosphericEnvironment, Vol 32, No. 14/15, 1998, pp. 26592668.(3) Van der Wal, J. F., Hoogeveen, A. W., and Wouda, P., “The Influenceof Temperature on the Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds fromPVC Flooring, Carpet, and Paint,” Indoor Air, Vol 7, 1997, pp.215221.(4) Brown, S. K., “Assessment of Pollutant Emissions from DryProcessPhotocopiers.” Indoor Air, Vol 9, No. 4, 1999, pp. 259267.(5) Roache N., Howard, E., Guo, Z., and Fortmann, R., “Obs
