1、Designation: D 6687 07Standard Guide forTesting Printing Ink Vehicles and Components Thereof1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a list of test methods, practices,guides, and specifications that can be used for the testing andevaluation of printi
3、ng ink vehicles and components thereof (seeTable 1).21.2 This guide includes methods that were developed to testimpact and non-impact inks and vehicles associated withletterpress, lithography, flexography and gravure. Tests on rawmaterials and analytical tests in general have been included.1.3 Other
4、 ASTM standards not specified here may also beapplicable.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
5、ty of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 printing ink, na colored or pigmented liquid or pastecomposition that is applied by printing machinery.2.1.1.1 DiscussionPrinting inks may contain vehicles,colorants, waxes, solvents, and other additives. Bulk inks aretes
6、ted for dispersion, tinting strength, density, heat and storagestability, rheology, and printing properties.2.1.2 vehicle, nthe portion of a printing ink that excludesthe colorant.2.1.2.1 DiscussionInk vehicles typically include the resin/solvent portion of the printing ink. Other printing ink addit
7、ives,generally not included in the vehicle, are waxes, antioxidantsand driers.3. Test Categories3.1 For convenience in selection, the test methods, prac-tices, guides, and specifications listed in this guide are listednumerically (see Table 1) and by property of interest (see Table2).4. Precision an
8、d Bias4.1 If available, precision for each test method listed can befound in the latest revision of that test method.5. Keywords5.1 printing inks; printing ink vehicles; test methods andpractices (tabulation of); vehicles1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated
9、 Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 6687 - 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
10、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United S
11、tates.TABLE 1 Numerical Listing of Ink Vehicle Related StandardsASTM Designation Volume TitleD 16 06.01 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials and ApplicationsD 56 05.01 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD 86 05.01 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at A
12、tmospheric PressureD 92 05.01 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD 93 05.01 Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD 154 06.03 Guide for Testing VarnishesD 156 05.01 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method
13、)D 445 05.01 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D 562 06.01 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type ViscometerD 611 05.01 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline P
14、oint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD 971 10.03 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring MethodD 1133 06.04 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon SolventsD 1200 06.01 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD 1218 05.01 Test Method for R
15、efractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD 1259 06.01 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Resin SolutionsD 1310 06.01 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD 1331 15.04 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of
16、 Surface-Active AgentsD 1353 06.04 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related ProductsD 1475 06.01 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related ProductsD 1544 06.01 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Col
17、or Scale)D 1545 06.03 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time MethodD 1639 06.03 Test Method for Acid Value of Organic Coating MaterialsD 1725 06.03 Test Method for Viscosity of Resin SolutionsD 2074 06.03 Test Methods for Total, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amine Values
18、of Fatty Amines by Alternative Indicator MethodD 2196 06.01 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Type) ViscometerD 2369 06.01 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD 3278 06.01 Test Method for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-
19、Cup ApparatusD 3792 06.01 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas ChromatographD 3825 05.02 Test Method for Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble TechniqueD 3828 05.02 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD 3934 06.01 Test Method for Flash
20、/No Flash Test- Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup ApparatusD 3960 06.01 Practice For Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD 4017 06.01 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer MethodD 4040 06.02 Test Method for Rheological Prop
21、erties of Paste Printing and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod ViscometerD 4052 05.02 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD 4212 06.01 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity CupsD 4287 06.01 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscom
22、eterD 4302 06.02 Specification For Artists Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd PaintsD 4359 06.01 Test Method for Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a SolidD 4361 06.02 Test Method for Apparent Tack of Printing Inks and Vehicles by a Three-Roller TackmeterD 4713 06.02 Test Methods for Nonvolatile C
23、ontent of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink SystemsD 4758 06.03 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of LatexesD 4942 06.02 Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory MixerD 5010 06.02 Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related MaterialsD 5062 06.03 Test M
24、ethod for Resin Solution Dilutability by Volumetric/Gravimetric DeterminationD 5165 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin KettleD 5166 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicle Samples Using a Microwave OvenD 5661 06.03 Test Method for Relative
25、Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP MethodD 5958 06.03 Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin SolutionsD 6038 06.03 Test Method for Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)D 6336 06.03 Practice for Evaluation of Vehicles for Pigme
26、nt Wetting Using a Vacuum Modified Sigma Blade MixerD 6419 06.02 Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing InksD 6579 06.03 Practice for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Terpene Resins by Size-Exclusion ChromatographyD
27、 6606 06.03 Test Method for Viscosity and Yield of Vehicles and Varnishes by the Duke ViscometerD 6887 06.03 Test Method for Testing Alkyd Compatibility with Resin or Resin SolutionsD 6989 06.03 Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin SolutionsD 7188 06.02 Terminology for Prin
28、ting Inks, Materials, and ProcessesD 7271 06.03 Test Method for Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an Oscillatory RheometerE 1 14.03 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE 28 06.03 Test Method for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Appa
29、ratusE 70 15.05 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass ElectrodeE 222 15.05 Test Methods for Hydroxyl Groups Using Acetic Anhydride AcetylationE 230 14.03 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE 691 14.02 Practice for Conducting
30、an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE 2251 14.03 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsD6687072TABLE 2 Index of Standards by PropertyASTM Designation Volume TitleTesting in GeneralD 4359 06.01 Determining Whether a Materi
31、al is a Liquid or a SolidD 5010 06.02 Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related MaterialsD 154 06.03 Guide for Testing VarnishesE 691 14.02 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE 230 14.03 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF
32、) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesD 4302 06.02 Specification For Artists Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd PaintsE 1 14.03 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE 2551 14.03 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsD 16 06.01 Terminology for Pain
33、t, Related Coatings, Materials and ApplicationsD 7188 06.02 Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and ProcessesColorD 1544 06.01 Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)D 156 05.01 Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)DensityD 4052 05.02 Density and Relative
34、Density of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD 1475 06.01 Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related ProductsHeat StabilityD 92 05.01 Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD 3934 06.01 Flash/No Flash Test- Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup ApparatusD 1310 06.01 Flash Point and Fire Poi
35、nt of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD 93 05.01 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD 3828 05.02 Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD 56 05.01 Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD 3278 06.01 Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup ApparatusD 4713 06.02 Nonvolatile Con
36、tent of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink SystemsD 4758 06.03 Nonvolatile Content of LatexesD 1259 06.01 Nonvolatile Content of Resin SolutionsD 1353 06.04 Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related ProductsD 3960 06.01 Practice For Determining Volatile Org
37、anic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD 2369 06.01 Volatile Content of CoatingsD 6419 06.02 Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing InksLaboratory Preparations of VehiclesD 6038 06.03 Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by Precipitation T
38、emperature (Cloud Point)D 6336 06.03 Practice for Evaluation of Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using a Vacuum Modified Sigma Blade MixerD 5166 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicle Samples Using a Microwave OvenD 5165 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles U
39、sing a Resin KettleD 5958 06.03 Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin SolutionsD 6989 06.03 Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin SolutionsD 5062 06.03 Resin Solution Dilutability by Volumetric/Gravimetric DeterminationD 6887 06.03 Testing Alkyd Compatibility with
40、 Resin or Resin SolutionsRaw Material TestingD 1639 06.03 Acid Value of Organic Coating MaterialsD 611 05.01 Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD 86 05.01 Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureE 222 15.05 Hydroxyl Groups Using Acet
41、ic Anhydride AcetylationD 1133 06.04 Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrcarbon SolventsD 6579 06.03 Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Terpene Resins by Size-ExclusionChromatographyE 70 15.05 pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass ElectrodeD 1218 05.01 Refractive
42、Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD 5661 06.03 Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP MethodE 28 06.03 Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball ApparatusD 2074 16.03 Total, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amine Values of Fatty Amines by Altern
43、ative Indicator MethodRheologyD 4361 06.02 Apparent Tack of Printing Inks and Vehicles by a Three-Roller TackmeterD 562 06.01 Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type ViscometerD6687073TABLE 2 ContinuedASTM Designation Volume TitleD 4287 06.01 High-Shear Viscosi
44、ty Using a Cone/Plate ViscometerD 445 05.01 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D 2196 06.01 Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Type) ViscometerD 4040 06.01 Rheological Properties of Paste Printing and V
45、ehicles by the Falling-Rod ViscometerD 7271 06.03 Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an Oscillatory RheometerD 6606 06.03 Viscosity and Yield of Vehicles and Varnishes by the Duke ViscometerD 4212 06.01 Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity CupsD 1200 06.01 Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD
46、 1725 06.03 Viscosity of Resin SolutionsD 1545 06.03 Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time MethodSurface TensionD 3825 05.02 Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble TechniqueD 971 10.03 Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring MethodD 1331 15.04 Surface and Interfacial Tensi
47、on of Solutions of Surface-Active AgentsWater Content/Water PickupD 3792 06.01 Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas ChromatographD 4017 06.01 Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer MethodD 4942 06.02 Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Labora
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49、ights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k
