1、Designation: D6687 07 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forTesting Printing Ink Vehicles and Components Thereof1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a list of test methods, practices,guides, and specifications that can be used for the testing andevalu
3、ation of printing ink vehicles and components thereof (seeTable 1).21.2 This guide includes methods that were developed to testimpact and non-impact inks and vehicles associated withletterpress, lithography, flexography and gravure. Tests on rawmaterials and analytical tests in general have been inc
4、luded.1.3 Other ASTM standards not specified here may also beapplicable.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t
5、he applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 printing ink, na colored or pigmented liquid or pastecomposition that is applied by printing machinery.2.1.1.1 DiscussionPrinting inks may contain vehicles,colorants, waxes, solvents, and other additives. B
6、ulk inks aretested for dispersion, tinting strength, density, heat and storagestability, rheology, and printing properties.2.1.2 vehicle, nthe portion of a printing ink that excludesthe colorant.2.1.2.1 DiscussionInk vehicles typically include the resin/solvent portion of the printing ink. Other pri
7、nting ink additives,generally not included in the vehicle, are waxes, antioxidantsand driers.3. Test Categories3.1 For convenience in selection, the test methods,practices, guides, and specifications listed in this guide arelisted numerically (see Table 1) and by property of interest (seeTable 2).4.
8、 Precision and Bias4.1 If available, precision for each test method listed can befound in the latest revision of that test method.5. Keywords5.1 printing inks; printing ink vehicles; test methods andpractices (tabulation of); vehicles1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Pai
9、nt andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6687 07. DOI:10.1520/D6687-07R13.2For referenc
10、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
11、shohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Numerical Listing of Ink Vehicle Related StandardsASTM Designation Volume TitleD16 06.01 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials and ApplicationsD56 05.01 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 05.01 Test Method for Distilla
12、tion of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD92 05.01 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD93 05.01 Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD154 06.03 Guide for Testing VarnishesD156 05.01 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
13、(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D445 05.01 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D562 06.01 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type ViscometerD611 05.01 Test Methods for Aniline P
14、oint and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD971 10.03 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring MethodD1133 06.04 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon SolventsD1200 06.01 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD1218 05.
15、01 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD1259 06.01 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Resin SolutionsD1310 06.01 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD1331 15.04 Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tensio
16、n of Solutions of Surface-Active AgentsD1353 06.04 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related ProductsD1475 06.01 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related ProductsD1544 06.01 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquid
17、s (Gardner Color Scale)D1545 06.03 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time MethodD1639 06.03 Test Method for Acid Value of Organic Coating MaterialsD1725 06.03 Test Method for Viscosity of Resin SolutionsD2074 06.03 Test Methods for Total, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Ami
18、ne Values of Fatty Amines by Alternative Indicator MethodD2196 06.01 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Type) ViscometerD2369 06.01 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3278 06.01 Test Method for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale
19、Closed-Cup ApparatusD3792 06.01 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas ChromatographD3825 05.02 Test Method for Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble TechniqueD3828 05.02 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD3934 06.01 Test Method for Fl
20、ash/No Flash Test- Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup ApparatusD3960 06.01 Practice For Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD4017 06.01 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer MethodD4040 06.02 Test Method for Rheological Prop
21、erties of Paste Printing and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod ViscometerD4052 05.02 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4212 06.01 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity CupsD4287 06.01 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscomete
22、rD4302 06.02 Specification For Artists Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd PaintsD4359 06.01 Test Method for Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a SolidD4361 06.02 Test Method for Apparent Tack of Printing Inks and Vehicles by a Three-Roller TackmeterD4713 06.02 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content
23、of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink SystemsD4758 06.03 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of LatexesD4942 06.02 Test Methods for Water Pickup of Lithographic Printing Inks and Vehicles in a Laboratory MixerD5010 06.02 Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related MaterialsD5062 06.03 Test Method for R
24、esin Solution Dilutability by Volumetric/Gravimetric DeterminationD5165 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin KettleD5166 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicle Samples Using a Microwave OvenD5661 06.03 Test Method for Relative Solvency of Pe
25、troleum Oils by the PKP MethodD5958 06.03 Practices for Preparation of Oil-Based Ink Resin SolutionsD6038 06.03 Test Method for Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)D6336 06.03 Practice for Evaluation of Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using
26、a Vacuum Modified Sigma Blade MixerD6419 06.02 Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing InksD6579 06.03 Practice for Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Terpene Resins by Size-Exclusion ChromatographyD6606 06.03 Test Met
27、hod for Viscosity and Yield of Vehicles and Varnishes by the Duke ViscometerD6887 06.03 Test Method for Testing Alkyd Compatibility with Resin or Resin SolutionsD6989 06.03 Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin SolutionsD7188 06.02 Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, a
28、nd ProcessesD7271 06.03 Test Method for Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an Oscillatory RheometerE1 14.03 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE28 06.03 Test Method for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball ApparatusE70 15.05 Test Method
29、 for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass ElectrodeE222 15.05 Test Methods for Hydroxyl Groups Using Acetic Anhydride AcetylationE230 14.03 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized ThermocouplesE691 14.02 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to De
30、termine the Precision of a Test MethodE2251 14.03 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsD6687 07 (2013)2TABLE 2 Index of Standards by PropertyASTM Designation Volume TitleTesting in GeneralD4359 06.01 Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a Soli
31、dD5010 06.02 Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related MaterialsD154 06.03 Guide for Testing VarnishesE691 14.02 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE230 14.03 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Th
32、ermocouplesD4302 06.02 Specification For Artists Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd PaintsE1 14.03 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE2551 14.03 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsD16 06.01 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials a
33、nd ApplicationsD7188 06.02 Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and ProcessesColorD1544 06.01 Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)D156 05.01 Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)DensityD4052 05.02 Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Densit
34、y MeterD1475 06.01 Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related ProductsHeat StabilityD92 05.01 Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD3934 06.01 Flash/No Flash Test- Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup ApparatusD1310 06.01 Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD
35、93 05.01 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD3828 05.02 Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD56 05.01 Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD3278 06.01 Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup ApparatusD4713 06.02 Nonvolatile Content of Heatset and Liquid Printing Ink Syste
36、msD4758 06.03 Nonvolatile Content of LatexesD1259 06.01 Nonvolatile Content of Resin SolutionsD1353 06.04 Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related ProductsD3960 06.01 Practice For Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related
37、 CoatingsD2369 06.01 Volatile Content of CoatingsD6419 06.02 Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing InksLaboratory Preparations of VehiclesD6038 06.03 Determining the Compatibility of Resin/Solvent Mixtures by Precipitation Temperature (Cloud Point)D6336 06.03 Practice for Eva
38、luation of Vehicles for Pigment Wetting Using a Vacuum Modified Sigma Blade MixerD5166 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicle Samples Using a Microwave OvenD5165 06.03 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin KettleD5958 06.03 Practices for Preparatio
39、n of Oil-Based Ink Resin SolutionsD6989 06.03 Practices for Preparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink Resin SolutionsD5062 06.03 Resin Solution Dilutability by Volumetric/Gravimetric DeterminationD6887 06.03 Testing Alkyd Compatibility with Resin or Resin SolutionsRaw Material TestingD1639 06.03 Ac
40、id Value of Organic Coating MaterialsD611 05.01 Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD86 05.01 Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureE222 15.05 Hydroxyl Groups Using Acetic Anhydride AcetylationD1133 06.04 Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydr
41、carbon SolventsD6579 06.03 Molecular Weight Averages and Molecular Weight Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Terpene Resins by Size-ExclusionChromatographyE70 15.05 pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass ElectrodeD1218 05.01 Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD5661 06.03 R
42、elative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP MethodE28 06.03 Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball ApparatusD2074 16.03 Total, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amine Values of Fatty Amines by Alternative Indicator MethodRheologyD4361 06.02 Apparent Tack of Printing In
43、ks and Vehicles by a Three-Roller TackmeterD562 06.01 Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type ViscometerD4287 06.01 High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate ViscometerD445 05.01 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Vi
44、scosity)D2196 06.01 Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Type) ViscometerD4040 06.01 Rheological Properties of Paste Printing and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod ViscometerD6687 07 (2013)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent ri
45、ghts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at an
46、y time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments w
47、ill receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by A
48、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail);
49、or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 ContinuedASTM Designation Volume TitleD7271 06.03 Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an Oscillatory RheometerD6606 06.03 Viscosity and Yield of Vehicles and Varnishes by the Duke ViscometerD4212 06.01 Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity CupsD1200 06.01 Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD1725 06.03 Viscosity of Resin SolutionsD1545 06.03 Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time MethodSurface Tension
