1、Designation: D6688 11Standard Practice forRelative Resistance of Printed Matter to Liquid Chemicalsby a Sandwich Technique1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the relativeresistance of printed matter to liquid chemicals, as ev
3、idencedby lack of discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.1.2 This practice utilizes a sandwich procedure similar inprinciple to ISO/TC 130 N 589. Spotting or immersionprocedures are covered in Test Methods D1308, D1647, andD2248.1.3 This practice is applicable to prints on any flat substrateinclu
4、ding paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metal plate, andplastic films, and produced by any printing process includingletterpress, offset lithography, flexography, gravure, silk screen,and non-impact.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are inc
5、luded in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior
6、to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Organic FinishesD1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films ofVarnishes to Water and Alkali3D2248 Practice for Detergent Resi
7、stance of Organic Fin-ishes2.2 Other Standards:ISO/TC 130 N 589 Graphic Technology-Prints and PrintingInks-Assessment of Resistance to Various Agents43. Summary of Practice3.1 Prints of the test and reference printing inks are eachsandwiched between filter paper, which has been saturated withthe spe
8、cified liquid. After the agreed upon contact times, theprints and filter paper are dried and then examined forobjectionable changes such as discoloration, bleeding, or lossin gloss. The test print is then rated as better, equal, or worsethan the reference print.4. Significance and Use4.1 Many types
9、of printed matter, notably container labels,packaging materials, magazine and book covers, must beresistant to liquid materials that may contact them advertentlyor inadvertently. This practice permits an assessment of resis-tance of printed matter to several types of liquids.4.2 The requirement that
10、 a reference print be run at the sametime as the test print minimizes effects of atmospheric condi-tions (humidity and temperature) and other variations whichmay develop.4.3 This practice can be used to determine whether newformulations are suitable for the end-use purpose and forspecification accep
11、tance between producer and user.5. Apparatus5.1 Glass Plates, 60 by 90 mm, two for each printedspecimen (minimum four per test).5.2 Petri Dish, at least 100 mm in diameter.5.3 Weight, 1 kg.5.4 Timer, calibrated in minutes up to 24 h.5.5 Oven, capable of maintaining 50C.1This practice is under the ju
12、risdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6688 -
13、 01 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/D668811.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved
14、 version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
15、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Materials6.1 Reference Print, of known resistance to the specified testliquid, cut to 20 3 50 mm and marked with R.6.2 Filter Paper, white neutral for qualitative analysis, witha very smooth and soft surface, cut to 60 by 9
16、0 mm. Minimumeight pieces per test. Mark four pieces with a R and four pieceswith a T, for each test.6.3 Soft, Pliable Nonporous Film, such as food wrap.6.4 Test Liquid, as agreed upon between the producer anduser. See examples in Table 1.7. Hazards7.1 Some test liquids may be harmful to the skin an
17、d eyes.Wear safety glasses and protective gloves when handling suchchemicals. In case of contact, wash skin with water; flush eyesfor 15 min with water and call a physician. See suppliersMaterial Safety Data Sheet for further information on eachchemical used.7.2 After testing is completed, dispose o
18、f leftover chemicalsaccording to prevailing regulations.8. Test Specimens8.1 This practice does not cover preparation of printedsamples. The color, substrate, method of printing, and ink filmthickness shall be consistent with that of the reference print.8.2 Cut test specimens to 20 by 50 mm and mark
19、 with a T.If freshly prepared prints are utilized, wait at least 72 h beforeconducting resistance tests. Set aside at least one specimen forcomparative purposes.8.3 Include the unprinted substrate as a blank in testsconducted with colored liquids. It may also be useful to test theunprinted substrate
20、 in cases where the print fails to remainintact.8.4 Unless otherwise specified, at least two specimens are tobe run with each test liquid.9. Procedure9.1 Unless otherwise specified, conduct tests at 23 6 2C.9.2 Pour a quantity of the test liquid into a petri dish.9.3 Take four pieces of filter paper
21、 marked T and usingforceps, immerse them completely in the liquid. Remove anddrain until no free liquid drips from the papers.9.4 Place two pieces of the saturated filter paper on a glassplate, center the 20 by 50 mm specimen of test print on top ofthe filter paper, and cover with the other two piec
22、es of saturatedfilter paper.9.5 Cover with the other glass plate and center the 1 kgweight on top of the sandwich. Set the clock for the testduration indicated in Table 1, or as agreed upon betweenproducer and user.NOTE 1When using a highly volatile liquid such as ethyl alcohol,there is a possibilit
23、y that the liquid will evaporate through the spacebetween the two glass plates that make up the sandwich. This would havethe effect of reducing the amount of time the prints were in contact withthe test liquid. To avoid this, wrap the sandwich in a pliable nonporousfilm such as a food wrap, to seal
24、off the space between the glass plates.9.6 Immediately repeat 9.3-9.5 with the reference print,using filter paper marked R. Note the elapsed time on the clock.9.7 After the specified time has elapsed, remove the printsand filter papers from the sandwiches and wash in deionizedwater. Dry the test pie
25、ces for 30 min at about 50C.NOTE 2In lieu of an oven, the intact prints and filter papers can be airdried overnight.9.7.1 Unless otherwise specified, use the contact timesspecified in Table 1.9.8 Repeat 9.2-9.6 with a second specimen of the test andreference prints.10. Evaluation10.1 Examine the tre
26、ated test print by comparison with theuntreated test print. Observe any changes, such as discolorationor loss of gloss.10.2 Examine the corresponding filter papers for staining orink transfer, or both.10.3 Repeat 10.1 and 10.2 with the reference prints.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the fol
27、lowing information forboth the test and reference prints.11.1.1 Identifying information, such as pigmentation, sub-strate, printing process, ink film thickness.11.1.2 The liquid chemical used for the test.11.1.3 The contact duration.11.1.4 The changes observed in the treated prints and filterpapers,
28、 such as discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.12. Keywords12.1 bleed resistance; chemical resistance; printed matter;printing inksTABLE 1 Suggested Contact Times for Liquid ChemicalsLiquid Suggested Contact TimeDistilled waterLactic acid (5 %)Citric acid (1 %)Acetic acid (1 %)Hydrochloric acid
29、(1 %)Sulfuric acid (1 %)AlcoholsOils (Vegetable, Lubricating)24 hSoap or Detergent Solution (1 %) 3 hLactic Acid (10 %)Citric Acid (5 %)1hAcetic acid (5 %) 30 min.Hydrochloric acid (5 %)Sulfuric acid (5 %)Sodium hydroxide (1 %)10 min.Wax (molten wax) 5 min.Other As agreed upon between producer and u
30、serD6688 112SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D6688 - 01 (2006) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2011.)(1) Changed from Test Method to Practice.(2) Changed wording in the title.(3) Added a
31、Summary of Changes.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
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34、to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6688 113
