1、Designation: D 6695 08Standard Practice forXenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions foraccelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products inxenon arc devic
3、es conducted according to Practices G 151 andG 155. This practice also covers the preparation of test speci-mens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluationof test results. Table 1 describes commonly used test condi-tions.NOTE 1ISO 11341 also describes xenon-arc exposures of paints
4、andcoatings. However, the exposure conditions described in ISO 11341 aredifferent than those listed in Table 1.1.2 The values SI units are to be regarded as standard. Thevalues given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
5、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels
6、 inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD 659 Method of Evaluating
7、Degree of Chalking of Exte-rior Paints3D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing)
8、of Exterior PaintsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of No
9、nmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 1730 Practices
10、for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Ad
11、hesion by Tape TestD 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials3D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-ing of Exterior Paint FilmsD 5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Indexof PlasticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toD
12、etermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 141 Guide forAddressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic Material
13、s1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 2001. Last previou
14、s edition approved in 2003 as D 6695 - 03a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyri
15、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices
16、 that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic MaterialsG 169 Guide forApplication of Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering Tests2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 11341 Paints and VarnishesArtificial Weathering andExposure to Artificial Radi
17、ationExposure to FilteredXenon-Arc Radiation42.3 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorTrim Components using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus5SAE J2527 Performance Based Standard for AcceleratedExposure of Automotive Exterior Materi
18、als using a Con-trolled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus53. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113are appli-cable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration ofits physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light,he
19、at, and water can be very significant for many applications.This practice is intended to induce property changes associated4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (S
20、AE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc Exposure Testing of Paints and Related CoatingsACycle Number Cycle DescriptionBUninsulated BlackPanel, TemperatureCTypical IrradianceDTypical UsesE1 Continuous light102 min light on
21、ly at 50 % 6 5%RH18 min light and water sprayFRepeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmGeneral coatings andhistorical conventionG2 18 h continuous light using:102 min light only at 50 % 6 5%RH18 min light and water spray6 h dark using:95 % relativ
22、e humidity (no water spray)Repeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F24 6 1.5C43 6 3F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmGeneral coatings3 4 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH4 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmEx
23、terior pigmented stains4 12 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH12 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 6 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmExterior wood stainsand clears5 8 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH10 h light and water spray6 h dark with water sprayRepeat continuously63 6
24、 2C145 6 4F0.35 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm41.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmMarine enamels6 40 min light at 50 % 6 5%RH20 min light and water spray60 min light at 50 % 6 5%RH60 min dark at 95 % 6 5%RH(water spray on front and back of specimens)Repeat continuously70 6 2C(1586 4F)70 6 2C(1586 4F)38 6 2C(10
25、06 4F)0.55 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm65.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmAutomotive exteriorH7 3.8 h light at 50 % 6 5%RH1.0 h dark at 95 % 6 5%RHRepeat continuously89 6 3C(1926 5F)38 6 2C(1006 4F)0.55 6 0.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm65.5 6 2.5 W/m2from 300-400 nmAutomotive interiorIAThe cycles described are not
26、listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications shown.BAs stated in 5.2, the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the xenon lamp shall conform to the requirements of Practice G 155 for a xenon lamp with daylight filters.CUnless otherwise indicated,
27、 black panel temperatures apply during light-only portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without a sprayperiod. For light intervals shorter than 30 min, the black panel temperature might not reach equilibrium. Unless otherwise specified, add 6C (11F) to the tempera
28、ture givenfor the uninsulated black panel when an insulated black panel is used. Practice G 151 provides more information on the temperatures indicated by insulated anduninsulated black panels, which can depend on irradiance level, and the type of xenon-arc filter used.DThe irradiance values given a
29、re those that have historically been used. In devices capable of producing higher irradiance, the actual irradiance used may be higherthan the stated values. For example, Japanese auto industry specifications allow use of exposures according to Cycle 1 with 300 to 400 nm irradiance of up to 180 W/m2
30、.ETypical uses does not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.FUnless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surface of the test specimens.GThis cycle has been used for
31、 coatings by historical convention and may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.HThis cycle is based on the conditions of SAE J2527, but there may be additional requirements in the SAE standard not shown here.IThis cycle is based on the conditions of SAE J2412, but there may be ad
32、ditional requirements in the SAE standard not shown here.D6695082with end use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is notintended to simulate the deterioration caused by localizedweather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biologic
33、alattack, and salt water exposure.4.2 CautionVariation in results may be expected whendifferent operating conditions are used. Therefore, no referenceto the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied bya report prepared according to Section 10 that describes thespecific operating conditio
34、ns used. Refer to Practice G 151 fordetailed information on the caveats applicable to use of resultsobtained according to this practice.NOTE 2Additional information on sources of variability and onstrategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and dataanalysis of laboratory accelerat
35、ed exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from a xenon-arc is significantly different from that produced in light andwater exposure devices using carbon-arc or other light sources.The type and rate of degradation and the performance rankingsproduced by
36、exposures to xenon-arcs can be much differentfrom those produced by exposures to other types of laboratorylight sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when alllaboratories use the same light source, filter type, and exposureconditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between lab
37、oratories hasbeen shown to be good when the stability of materials isevaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to othermaterials or to a control.6,7Therefore, exposure of a similarmaterial of known performance (a control) at the same time asthe test materials is strongly recommended. It is
38、recommendedthat at least three replicates of each material be exposed toallow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken tooperate the equipment according to Practice G 155. Significantfactors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts
39、orother deposits from water, temperature and humidity control,and condition and age of the burner and filters.4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with thispractice must include a complete description of the test cycleused.5. Safety Hazards5.1 Warning: Never look directly at the xenon-arc b
40、ecauseUV radiation can damage the eye. Most xenon-arc machinesare equipped with door safety switches, but users of oldequipment must be certain to turn the power to the lamp offbefore opening the test-chamber door.5.2 Xenon-arc lamps should be at or near room temperaturebefore handling.6. Apparatus6
41、.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conforms to the require-ments defined in Practices G 151 and G 155.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion of the xenon-arc shall conform to the requirements inPractice G 155 for xenon-arc with daylight filters.7. Test Specimens7.1 Apply the c
42、oating to flat (plane) panels with the sub-strate, method of preparation, method of application, coatingsystem, film thickness, and method of drying consistent withthe anticipated end use, or as mutually agreed upon betweenthe producer and user.7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation inc
43、ludebut are not limited to Practices D 609, D 1730, or SpecificationD 358. Select panel sizes suitable for use with the exposureapparatus.7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with Practices D 823 andthen measure the film thickness in accordance with an appro-priate procedure selected from Test Methods
44、 D 1005, D 1186,or D 1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred becausepanels so measured need not be repaired.7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-tion them at 23 6 2C (73 6 3F) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for one of the following periods in accordance withthe type of coati
45、ng:Baked coatings 24 hRadiation-cured coatings 24 hAll other coatings 7 days min7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test specimensmay be used if agreed upon between all interested parties.7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimumspecimen area required for support by the holder is
46、 covered.Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the testarea.7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-cate specimens of each test and control material.7.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G 147 foridentification and conditioning and handling of specimen
47、s oftest, control, and reference materials prior to, during, and afterexposure.7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose ofshowing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since themasked portion of the specimen is still expos
48、ed to temperatureand humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.7.9 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of allmaterials evaluated.7.9.1 When destructive tests are run, it is recommended thata sufficient number of file specimens be retained so that theproperty of interest can be d
49、etermined on unexposed filespecimens each time exposed materials are evaluated.NOTE 3Since the stability of the file specimen may also be time-dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods, orwhere small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen may not be valid.Nondestructive instrumental measurements are recommended wheneverpossible.6Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-ExposureStandard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoo
