1、Designation: D6751 09aStandard Specification forBiodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle DistillateFuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillatefuels.1
3、.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofdiesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specificationrequirements may be applied at other points in the productionand distribution system when provided by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.1.3 Nothing in this specif
4、ication shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel maybe blended. For more information on the subject, see Gui
5、de D4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4.1 ExceptionIn Annex A1, the values stated in SI unitsare to be regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.2. Referenced Docu
6、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Pe-troleum ProductsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transp
7、arentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash fr
8、om Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsat Reduced PressureD1266 Test Method for
9、 Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method f
10、or Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuelsD3120 Test Method for Trace
11、 Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Aut
12、omatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Dec.
13、 1, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1999 as PS 12199. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D675102. Lastprevious edition approved in 2009 as D675109. DOI: 10.1520/D6751-09a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi
14、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
15、ed States.D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue(Micro Method)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissi
16、pation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for
17、 Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linea
18、r Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination inMiddle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleu
19、m Products andLubricantsD6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously ClosedCup (CCCFP) TesterD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD6584 Test Method for Determination of Free and TotalGlycerin in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chro-matographyD6890 Test Method for
20、 Determination of Ignition Delayand Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD7397 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum P
21、roducts(Miniaturized Optical Method)2.2 Government Standard:40 CFR Part 79 Registration of Fuels and Fuel AdditivesSection 211(b) Clean Air Act32.3 Other Documents:4UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by Wet Ashing and ICP-OESUOP 39191 Trace Metals in Petroleum Products or Organ-ics by AASEN 14112 Fat and
22、oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-ated oxidation test)5EN 14110 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of methanol content5EN 14538 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of Ca, K, Mg and
23、 Na content byoptical emission spectral analysis with inductivelycoupled plasma (ICP OES)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.1.1 Discussionbiodiesel, as defined ab
24、ove, is regis-tered with the U.S. EPA as a fuel and a fuel additive underSection 211(b) of the Clean Air Act. There is, however, otherusage of the term biodiesel in the marketplace. Due to its EPAregistration and the widespread commercial use of the termbiodiesel in the U.S. marketplace, the term bi
25、odiesel will bemaintained for this specification.3.1.1.2 DiscussionBiodiesel is typically produced by areaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such asmethanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yieldmono-alkyl esters and glycerin, which is removed. The finishedbiodiesel de
26、rives approximately 10 % of its mass from thereacted alcohol. The alcohol used in the reaction may or maynot come from renewable resources.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of
27、 biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 biodiesel fuel, nsynonym for biodiesel.3.1.4 diesel fuel, nmiddle petroleum distillate fuel.3.1.5 free glycerin, na measure of the amount of glycerinremaining in the fuel.3.1.6 Grade S15 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D6751 and having a sulfu
28、r specificationof 15 ppm maximum.3.1.7 Grade S500 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 500 ppm maximum.3.1.8 middle distillate fuel, nkerosines and gas oils boil-ing between approximately 150C and 400C at normal atmo-spheric pressure and hav
29、ing a closed-cup flash point above38C.3.1.9 total glycerin, nthe sum of the free glycerin and theglycerin portion of any unreacted or partially reacted oil or fat.4. Requirements4.1 The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animalfats
30、.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, samples for analysis shall betaken by the procedure described in Practices D4057 or D4177.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available from ASTM International, 100
31、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,West Conshohocken, PA. Visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTMCustomer Service at serviceastm.org.5Available from the National CEN Members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC19 secretariat (astmnen.nl).D6751 09a24.3 The biodiesel spe
32、cified shall conform to the detailedrequirements shown in Table 1.NOTE 2A considerable amount of experience exists in the U.S. witha 20 % blend of biodiesel, primarily produced from soybean oil, with80 % diesel fuel (B20). Experience with biodiesel produced from animalfat and other oils is similar.
33、Experience with B20 and lower blends in otherapplications is not as prevalent. Although biodiesel (B100) can be used,blends of over 20 % biodiesel with diesel fuel (B20) should be evaluatedon a case by case basis until further experience is available.NOTE 3The user should consult the equipment manuf
34、acturer orowners manual regarding the suitability of using biodiesel or biodieselblends in a particular engine or application.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods.5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except whe
35、re othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Methods D3828 or D6450can also be used. The precision and bias of Test MethodsD3828 and D6450 with biodiesel is not known and is currentlyunder investigation. Test Methods D93 shall be the refereemethod.5.1.2 Water and SedimentTest Method D2709. TestMethod
36、 D1796 may also be used. Test Method D2709 shall bethe referee method. The precision and bias of these testmethods with biodiesel is not known and is currently underinvestigation.5.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D445.5.1.4 Sulfated AshTest Method D874.5.1.5 Oxidation StabilityTest Method EN 14112.5.1.6 Su
37、lfurTest Method D5453. Test Method D7039 mayalso be used. Other test methods may also be suitable fordetermining up to 0.05 % (500 ppm) sulfur in biodiesel fuelssuch as Test Methods D1266, D2622, D3120 and D4294 butmay provide falsely high results (see X1.5) although theirprecision and bias with bio
38、diesel is unknown. Test MethodD5453 shall be the referee test method.5.1.7 CorrosionTest Method D130, 3 h test at 50C.5.1.8 Cetane NumberTest Method D613. Test MethodD6890 may also be used. Test Method D613 shall be thereferee method.5.1.9 Cloud PointTest Method D2500. Test MethodD5771, D5772, D5773
39、,orD7397 may also be used. TestMethod D3117 may also be used because it is closely related.Test Method D2500 shall be the referee test method. Theprecision and bias of Test Method D3117 for biodiesel is notknown and is currently under investigation.5.1.10 Acid NumberTest Method D664. Test MethodsD32
40、42 or D974 may also be used. Test Method D664 shall bethe referee test method.5.1.11 Carbon ResidueTest Method D4530. A100 %sample shall replace the 10 % residual, with percent residue inthe original sample reported using the 10 % residual calcula-tion (see X1.9.1). Test Methods D189 or D524 may als
41、o beused. Test Method D4530 shall be the referee method.5.1.12 Total GlycerinTest Method D6584.5.1.13 Free GlycerinTest Method D6584.5.1.14 Phosphorus ContentTest Method D4951.5.1.15 Distillation Temperature, Reduced PressureTestMethod D1160.5.1.16 Calcium and Magnesium, combinedTest MethodEN 14538.
42、 Test Method UOP 389 may also be used. TestMethod EN 14538 shall be the referee test method.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Biodiesel (B100) (All Sulfur Levels)Property Test MethodAGrade S15LimitsGrade S500LimitsUnitsCalcium and Magnesium, combined EN 14538 5 max 5 max ppm (g/g)Flash point (closed
43、 cup) D93 93 min 93 min CAlcohol controlOne of the following must be met:1. Methanol content EN 14110 0.2 max 0.2 max mass %2. Flash point D93 130 min 130 min CWater and sediment D2709 0.050 max 0.050 max % volumeKinematic viscosity, 40C D445 1.9-6.0B1.96.0Bmm2/sSulfated ash D874 0.020 max 0.020 max
44、 % massSulfurCD5453 0.0015 max (15) 0.05 max (500) % mass (ppm)Copper strip corrosion D130 No. 3 max No. 3 maxCetane number D613 47 min 47 minCloud point D2500 ReportDReportDCCarbon residueED4530 0.050 max 0.050 max % massAcid number D664 0.50 max 0.50 max mg KOH/gCold soak filterability Annex A1 36
45、0 maxF360 maxFsecondsFree glycerin D6584 0.020 max 0.020 max % massTotal glycerin D6584 0.240 max 0.240 max % massPhosphorus content D4951 0.001 max 0.001 max % massDistillation temperature,Atmospheric equivalent temperature,90 % recoveredD1160 360 max 360 max CSodium and Potassium, combined EN 1453
46、8 5 max 5 max ppm (g/g)Oxidation stability EN 14112 3 minimum 3 minimum hoursAThe test methods indicated are the approved referee methods. Other acceptable methods are indicated in 5.1.BSee X1.3.1. The 6.0 mm2/s upper viscosity limit is higher than petroleum based diesel fuel and should be taken int
47、o consideration when blending.COther sulfur limits can apply in selected areas in the United States and in other countries.DThe cloud point of biodiesel is generally higher than petroleum based diesel fuel and should be taken into consideration when blending.ECarbon residue shall be run on the 100 %
48、 sample (see 5.1.11).FB100 intended for blending into diesel fuel that is expected to give satisfactory vehicle performance at fuel temperatures at or below 12C shall comply with a coldsoak filterability limit of 200 s maximum.D6751 09a35.1.17 Sodium and Potassium, combinedTest MethodEN 14538. Test
49、Method UOP 391 may also be used. TestMethod EN 14538 shall be the referee test method.5.1.18 Cold Soak FilterabilityThe test method in AnnexA1 shall be used to determine the cold soak filterability. B100intended for blending into diesel fuels that is expected to givesatisfactory vehicle performance at fuel temperatures at orbelow 12C shall comply with a cold soak filtration limit of200 s maximum. A cold soak filterability standard test methodis under development.NOTE 4Interim precision information is provided inAnnexA1
