1、Designation: D6751 12Standard Specification forBiodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle DistillateFuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four grades of biodiesel(B100) for use as a blend component with middle distillatefuels. These
3、grades are described as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-B S15A special purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reactedglycerides, including those applications requiring good lowtemperature operability, and als
4、o requiring a fuel blend com-ponent with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).1.1.2 Grade No. 1-B S500A special purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reactedglycerides, including those applications requiring good l
5、owtemperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend com-ponent with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).1.1.3 Grade No. 2-B S15A general purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur(maximum).1.1.4 Grade No. 2-
6、B S500A general purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions that require a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur(maximum).1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofdiesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specificationrequireme
7、nts may be applied at other points in the productionand distribution system when provided by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissip
8、ation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel maybe blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.
9、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-leum ProductsD445 Test Method for Kinematic V
10、iscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD874 Test Method f
11、or Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atReduced PressureD12
12、66 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products1
13、This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapprov
14、ed in 1999 as PS 12199. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D675102. Lastprevious edition approved in 2011 as D675111b. DOI: 10.1520/D6751-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
15、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum P
16、roducts byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)3D3120 Test Method for Trace Quant
17、ities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic
18、 Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue(Micro Method)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4
19、865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elementsin Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spar
20、k Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point o
21、f Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously ClosedCup (CCCFP) TesterD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6584 Test Met
22、hod for Determination of TotalMonoglycerides, Total Diglycerides, Total Triglycerides,and Free and Total Glycerin in B-100 Biodiesel MethylEsters by Gas ChromatographyD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant V
23、olume ChamberD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD7397 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Miniaturized Optical Method)D7501 Test Method for Determination of Fuel Filter Block-ing Potential of Bi
24、odiesel (B100) Blend Stock by ColdSoak Filtration Test (CSFT)2.2 Government Standard:40 CFR Part 79 Registration of Fuels and Fuel AdditivesSection 211(b) Clean Air Act42.3 Other Documents:AOCS Standard Procedure Ck 2-095Determination of Vari-ous Properties of Biodiesel by the QTA System Method6UOP
25、389 Trace Metals in Oils by WetAshing and ICP-OES7UOP 39191 Trace Metals in Petroleum Products or Organ-ics by AAS7EN 14105 Fat and oil derivatives FattyAcid Methyl Esters(FAME) Determination of free and total glycerol andmono-, di-, triglyceride contents (Reference method)8EN 14110 Fat and oil deri
26、vativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of methanol content8EN 14112 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-ated oxidation test)8EN 14538 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of Ca, K, Mg and Na cont
27、ent byoptical emission spectral analysis with inductivelycoupled plasma (ICP OES)8EN 15751 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determinationof oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method83. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comp
28、rised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.1.1 Discussionbiodiesel, as defined above, is regis-tered with the U.S. EPA as a fuel and a fuel additive underSection 211(b) of the CleanAirAct (40 CFR Part 79). There is,however, othe
29、r usage of the term biodiesel in the marketplace.Due to its EPA registration and the widespread commercial useof the term biodiesel in the U.S. marketplace, the termbiodiesel will be maintained for this specification.3.1.1.2 DiscussionBiodiesel is typically produced by areaction of a vegetable oil o
30、r animal fat with an alcohol such asmethanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yieldmono-alkyl esters and glycerin, which is removed. The finishedbiodiesel derives approximately 10 % of its mass from thereacted alcohol. The alcohol used in the reaction may or maynot come from renewable res
31、ources.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.5Available fromAOCS Headquarters, 2710 S. Boulder, Urbana, IL 618026996.
32、Download Product Code: MC-CK209 from www.aocs.org.6QTA is a registered trademark of the Cognis Corporation, 5051 EstecreekDrive, Cincinnati, OH 45232-1446.7Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,West Conshohocken, PA. Visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM
33、Customer Service at serviceastm.org.8Available from the National CEN Members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC19 secretariat (astmnen.nl).D6751 1223.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation BXX, the XX re
34、p-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 biodiesel fuel, nsynonym for biodiesel.3.1.4 diesel fuel, nmiddle petroleum distillate fuel.3.1.5 free glycerin, na measure of the amount of glycerinremaining in the fuel.3.1.6 Grade S15 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Spec
35、ification D6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 15 ppm maximum.3.1.7 Grade S500 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 500 ppm maximum.3.1.8 middle distillate fuel, nkerosines and gas oils boilingbetween approximately 150C and 400C at norm
36、al atmo-spheric pressure and having a closed-cup flash point above38C.3.1.9 monoglyceride, na partially reacted fat or oil mol-ecule with one long chain alkyl ester group on a glycerinbackbone.3.1.10 total glycerin, nthe sum of the free glycerin and theglycerin portion of any unreacted or partially
37、reacted oil or fat.4. Requirements4.1 The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animalfats.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, samples for analysis shall betaken by the procedure described in Practices D4057 or D4177.4.3 The biodiesel spe
38、cified shall conform to the detailedrequirements shown in Table 1.NOTE 2A considerable amount of experience exists in the U.S. witha 20 % blend of biodiesel, primarily produced from soybean oil, with80 % diesel fuel (B20). Experience with biodiesel produced from animalfat and other oils is similar.
39、Experience with B20 and lower blends in otherapplications is not as prevalent. Although biodiesel (B100) can be used,blends of over 20 % biodiesel with diesel fuel (B20) should be evaluatedon a case by case basis until further experience is available.NOTE 3The user should consult the equipment manuf
40、acturer orowners manual regarding the suitability of using biodiesel or biodieselblends in a particular engine or application.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods.5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except whe
41、re othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Methods D3828 or D6450can also be used. The precision and bias of Test MethodsD3828 and D6450 with biodiesel is not known and is currentlyunder investigation. Test Methods D93 shall be the refereemethod.5.1.2 Water and SedimentTest Method D2709. TestMethod
42、 D1796 may also be used. Test Method D2709 shall bethe referee method. The precision and bias of these testmethods with biodiesel is not known and is currently underinvestigation.5.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D445.5.1.4 MonoglyceridesTest Method D6584, Test MethodEN 14105, and AOCS Standard Procedure C
43、k 2-09 may beused. Test Method D6584 shall be the referee test method.5.1.5 Sulfated AshTest Method D874.5.1.6 Oxidation StabilityTest Method EN 15751. TestMethod EN 14112 may also be used. See X1.19.1 for furtherinformation. Test Method EN 15751 shall be the referee testmethod.5.1.7 SulfurTest Meth
44、od D5453. Test Method D7039 mayalso be used. Other test methods may also be suitable fordetermining up to 0.05 % (500 ppm) sulfur in biodiesel fuelssuch as Test Methods D1266, D2622, D3120 and D4294 butmay provide falsely high results (see X1.5) although theirprecision and bias with biodiesel is unk
45、nown. Test MethodD5453 shall be the referee test method.5.1.8 CorrosionTest Method D130, 3 h test at 50C.5.1.9 Cetane NumberTest Method D613. Test MethodD6890 may also be used. Test Method D613 shall be thereferee method.5.1.10 Cloud PointTest Method D2500. Test MethodD5771, D5772, D5773, D7397, or
46、AOCS Standard ProcedureCk 2-09 may also be used. Test Method D3117 may also beused because it is closely related. Test Method D2500 shall bethe referee test method. The precision and bias of Test MethodD3117 for biodiesel is not known and is currently underinvestigation.5.1.11 Acid NumberTest Method
47、 D664. Test MethodsD3242 or D974 may also be used. Test Method D664 shall bethe referee test method.5.1.12 Carbon ResidueTest Method D4530. A 100%sample shall replace the 10 % residual, with percent residue inthe original sample reported using the 10 % residual calcula-tion (see X1.9.1). Test Method
48、s D189 or D524 may also beused. Test Method D4530 shall be the referee method.5.1.13 Total GlycerinTest Method D6584. AOCS Stan-dard Procedure Ck 2-09 may also be used. Test Method D6584is the referee method.5.1.14 Free GlycerinTest Method D6584.AOCS StandardProcedure Ck 2-09 may also be used. Test
49、Method D6584 is thereferee method.5.1.15 Phosphorus ContentTest Method D4951.5.1.16 Distillation Temperature, Reduced PressureTestMethod D1160.5.1.17 Calcium and Magnesium, combinedTest MethodEN 14538. Test Method UOP 389 may also be used. TestMethod EN 14538 shall be the referee test method.5.1.18 Sodium and Potassium, combinedTest Method EN14538. Test Method UOP 391 may also be used. Test MethodEN 14538 shall be the referee test method.5.1.19 Cold Soak FilterabilityTest Method D7501. B100intended for blending into diesel f
