1、Designation: D6751 14Standard Specification forBiodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle DistillateFuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four grades of biodiesel(B100) for use as a blend component with middle distillatefuels. These
3、grades are described as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-B S15A special purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reactedglycerides, including those applications requiring good lowtemperature operability, and als
4、o requiring a fuel blend com-ponent with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).1.1.2 Grade No. 1-B S500A special purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reactedglycerides, including those applications requiring good l
5、owtemperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend com-ponent with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).1.1.3 Grade No. 2-B S15A general purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur(maximum).1.1.4 Grade No. 2-
6、B S500A general purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions that require a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur(maximum).1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofdiesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specificationrequireme
7、nts may be applied at other points in the productionand distribution system when provided by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissip
8、ation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel maybe blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.
9、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-leum ProductsD445 Test Method for Kinematic V
10、iscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD874 Test Method f
11、or Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atReduced PressureD12
12、66 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products1
13、This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Ori
14、ginallyapproved in 1999 as PS 121 99. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D6751 02.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6751 12. DOI: 10.1520/D6751-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
15、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2622 Test Method for Sulfur
16、 in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)3D3120 Test Method
17、for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practic
18、e for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue(Micro Method)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVari
19、able EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elementsin Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hyd
20、rocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method fo
21、r Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Constant Cooling Rate Method)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6450 Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously ClosedCup (CCCFP) TesterD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystem
22、sD6584 Test Method for Determination of TotalMonoglycerides, Total Diglycerides, Total Triglycerides,and Free and Total Glycerin in B-100 Biodiesel MethylEsters by Gas ChromatographyD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion
23、in a Constant Volume ChamberD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7397 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products(Miniaturized Opti
24、cal Method)D7501 Test Method for Determination of Fuel Filter Block-ing Potential of Biodiesel (B100) Blend Stock by ColdSoak Filtration Test (CSFT)2.2 Government Standard:40 CFR Part 79 Registration of Fuels and Fuel AdditivesSection 211(b) Clean Air Act42.3 Other Documents:AOCS Standard Procedure
25、Ck 2-095Determination of Vari-ous Properties of Biodiesel by the QTA System Method6UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by WetAshing and ICP-OES7UOP 39191 Trace Metals in Petroleum Products or Organ-ics by AAS7EN 14105 Fat and oil derivatives FattyAcid Methyl Esters(FAME) Determination of free and total gly
26、cerol andmono-, di-, triglyceride contents (Reference method)8EN 14110 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of methanol content8EN 14112 Fat and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of oxidation stability (Acceler-ated oxidation test)8EN 14538 Fat
27、and oil derivativesFatty acid methyl esters(FAME)Determination of Ca, K, Mg and Na content byoptical emission spectral analysis with inductivelycoupled plasma (ICP OES)8EN 15751 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determinationof oxidation stability by
28、 accelerated oxidation method83. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.1.1 Discussionbiodiesel, as defined above, is regis-tered with the U.S. EPA as a fuel and a fuel a
29、dditive underSection 211(b) of the CleanAirAct (40 CFR Part 79). There is,however, other usage of the term biodiesel in the marketplace.Due to its EPA registration and the widespread commercial useof the term biodiesel in the U.S. marketplace, the termbiodiesel will be maintained for this specificat
30、ion.3.1.1.2 DiscussionBiodiesel is typically produced by areaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such asmethanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yieldmono-alkyl esters and glycerin, which is removed. The finishedbiodiesel derives approximately 10 % of its mass from the
31、3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.5Available fromAOCS Headquarters, 2710 S. Boulder, Urbana, IL 618026996.Downloa
32、d Product Code: MC-CK209 from www.aocs.org.6QTA is a registered trademark of the Cognis Corporation, 5051 EstecreekDrive, Cincinnati, OH 45232-1446.7Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,West Conshohocken, PA. Visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTMCustome
33、r Service at serviceastm.org.8Available from the National CEN Members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC19 secretariat (astmnen.nl).D6751 142reacted alcohol. The alcohol used in the reaction may or maynot come from renewable resources.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of b
34、iodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 biodiesel fuel, nsynonym for biodiesel.3.1.4 diesel fuel, nmiddle petroleum distillate fuel.3.1.5 free glycerin, na measure of the amount of gly
35、cerinremaining in the fuel.3.1.6 Grade S15 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 15 ppm maximum.3.1.7 Grade S500 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 500 ppm maximum.3.1.8 middle dist
36、illate fuel, nkerosines and gas oils boilingbetween approximately 150C and 400C at normal atmo-spheric pressure and having a closed-cup flash point above38C.3.1.9 monoglyceride, na partially reacted fat or oil mol-ecule with one long chain alkyl ester group on a glycerinbackbone.3.1.10 total glyceri
37、n, nthe sum of the free glycerin and theglycerin portion of any unreacted or partially reacted oil or fat.4. Requirements4.1 The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animalfats.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, samples for analysis sha
38、ll betaken by the procedure described in Practices D4057 or D4177.4.3 The biodiesel specified shall conform to the detailedrequirements shown in Table 1.NOTE 2A considerable amount of experience exists in the U.S. witha 20 % blend of biodiesel, primarily produced from soybean oil, with80 % diesel fu
39、el (B20). Experience with biodiesel produced from animalfat and other oils is similar. Experience with B20 and lower blends in otherapplications is not as prevalent. Although biodiesel (B100) can be used,blends of over 20 % biodiesel with diesel fuel (B20) should be evaluatedon a case by case basis
40、until further experience is available.NOTE 3The user should consult the equipment manufacturer orowners manual regarding the suitability of using biodiesel or biodieselblends in a particular engine or application.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined
41、 in accordance with the following methods.5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Methods D3828 or D6450can also be used. The precision and bias of Test MethodsD3828 and D6450 with biodiesel is not known and is currentlyunder investigation. Test Metho
42、ds D93 shall be the refereemethod.5.1.2 Water and SedimentTest Method D2709. TestMethod D1796 may also be used. Test Method D2709 shall bethe referee method. The precision and bias of these testmethods with biodiesel is not known and is currently underinvestigation.5.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D445.5.
43、1.4 MonoglyceridesTest Method D6584, Test MethodEN 14105, and AOCS Standard Procedure Ck 2-09 may beused. Test Method D6584 shall be the referee test method.5.1.5 Sulfated AshTest Method D874.5.1.6 Oxidation StabilityTest Method EN 15751. TestMethod EN 14112 may also be used. See X1.19.1 for further
44、information. Test Method EN 15751 shall be the referee testmethod.5.1.7 SulfurTest Method D5453. Test Method D7039 mayalso be used. Other test methods may also be suitable fordetermining up to 0.05 % (500 ppm) sulfur in biodiesel fuelssuch as Test Methods D1266, D2622, D3120 and D4294 butmay provide
45、 falsely high results (see X1.5) although theirprecision and bias with biodiesel is unknown. Test MethodD5453 shall be the referee test method.5.1.8 CorrosionTest Method D130, 3 h test at 50C.5.1.9 Cetane NumberTest Method D613. Test MethodD6890 may also be used. Test Method D613 shall be thereferee
46、 method.5.1.10 Cloud PointTest Method D2500. Test MethodD5771, D5772, D5773, D7397, or AOCS Standard ProcedureCk 2-09 may also be used. Test Method D3117 may also beused because it is closely related. Test Method D2500 shall bethe referee test method. The precision and bias of Test MethodD3117 for b
47、iodiesel is not known and is currently underinvestigation.5.1.11 Acid NumberTest Method D664. Test MethodsD3242 or D974 may also be used. Test Method D664 shall bethe referee test method.5.1.12 Carbon ResidueTest Method D4530. A 100%sample shall replace the 10 % residual, with percent residue inthe
48、original sample reported using the 10 % residual calcula-tion (see X1.9.1). Test Methods D189 or D524 may also beused. Test Method D4530 shall be the referee method.5.1.13 Total GlycerinTest Method D6584. AOCS Stan-dard Procedure Ck 2-09 may also be used. Test Method D6584is the referee method.5.1.1
49、4 Free GlycerinTest Method D6584.AOCS StandardProcedure Ck 2-09 may also be used. Test Method D6584 is thereferee method.5.1.15 Phosphorus ContentTest Method D4951.5.1.16 Distillation Temperature, Reduced PressureTestMethod D1160.5.1.17 Calcium and Magnesium, combinedTest MethodEN 14538. Test Method UOP 389 may also be used. TestMethod EN 14538 shall be the referee test method.5.1.18 Sodium and Potassium, combinedTest Method EN14538. Test Method UOP 391 may also be used. Test MethodEN 14538 shall be the referee test method
