1、Designation: D 6763 08Standard Guide forTesting Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. Thisincludes both w
3、ater borne and solvent borne semitransparentand opaque stains and clear water repellents. The propertiesthat can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant testprocedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.NOTE 1The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composi-tion intended for use on wooden surfac
4、es to produce a uniform finish thatobscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; alsocalled solid color or solid hide.NOTE 2The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented com-position intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finishthat does not fully ob
5、scure the grain or the texture of the wood.NOTE 3The term “clear” is defined as a transparent compositionintended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that doesnot obscure the grain or texture of the wood.1.1.1 DiscussionWhen applied to woods that differ incolor, there is a color d
6、ifference between stained substrates.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous material
7、s, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory requirements pr
8、ior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 154 Guide for Testing VarnishesD 185 Test Methods
9、for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD 215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White LinseedOil Paints3D 344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints bythe Visual Evaluation of BrushoutsD 358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD 522 Test Methods for Mandrel
10、 Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cra
11、cking ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling ofPaintD 968 Te
12、st Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on WoodD 1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and PlywoodD 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD 1296 Test Met
13、hod for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD 1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the
14、direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6763 - 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
15、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Particle Panel MaterialsD 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma-tion of Organic Coatings at Room TemperatureD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 18
17、49 Test Method for Package Stability of PaintD 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Vis-cometerD 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape AdhesionD 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
18、D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and OilAcidsin Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of O
19、rganicCoatingsD 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsD 2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints inthe Container to Attack by Microorganis
20、msD 2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of VehicleSolids From Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter inClear or Pigmented CoatingsD 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-tometryD 3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymersin Emu
21、lsion PaintsD 3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold onthe Surface of Interior Coatings in an EnvironmentalChamberD 3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of SurfaceDisfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal orAlgal) Growth or Soil and Dirt AccumulationD 3278 Test Methods for Flash
22、 Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior ExposureTests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttackD 3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection onCoated Exterior PanelsD
23、3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature AshingD 3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence ofLatex Paint Films by Porosity MeasurementD 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD 3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or S
24、heenUniformityD 3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD 4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD 4062 Test Method fo
25、r Leveling of Paints by Draw-DownMethodD 4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-centrating Exposures of CoatingsD 4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCupsD 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-ing of Exterior Paint FilmsD 4287 Test Method for High-Shear
26、Viscosity Using aCone/Plate ViscometerD 4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using aMultinotch ApplicatorD 4446 Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness ofWater-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling ofUntreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environ-mentsD 4585 Practice for
27、 Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Controlled CondensationD 4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-sures of Paint and Related CoatingsD 4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag ofLatex PaintsD 5326 Test Method for Color Development in TintedLatex PaintsD 5401 Test Method
28、 for Evaluating Clear Water RepellentCoatings on WoodD 6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resis-tance of CoatingsD 6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint andRelated CoatingsE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling
29、 Of MaterialsE 313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryG90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weath-ering of Nonmetallic Materials Usin
30、g Concentrated Natu-ral Sunlight2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:U. S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 C2131 Application of Sprayed Films2141 Application of Brushed Films3011 Condition in Container4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability4421 Absorption Test4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dr
31、ied Film6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)2.3 Other Documents:D6763082Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies forCoatings Technology4Paint and Coatings Testing Manual3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-ogy D16, D 1038, and D 1554 and to the FSCT Sta
32、in/CoatingsDictionary.4. Conditions Affecting Coatings4.1 MoistureWood is porous and will absorb moisture,causing it to swell. As it dries, it will shrink. It is this cycle ofshrinking and swelling that causes warping and cracking in thewood substrate. This dimensional instability stresses a coating
33、,affecting its durability. Many semitransparent, opaque, or solidcolor exterior stains are formulated to repel water to protectwood from ingress of moisture, thereby reducing the tendencyof the wood to warp and crack.4.2 Substrate TypeThe substrate to be coated can affectnot only the application pro
34、perties of a coating, such as glossand uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type ofcoating to use. For instance, a primer may be required forpreviously coated wood that will receive opaque stain; or aprimer-sealer on previously uncoated wood. Other factorsinclude the type and quality
35、of wood or wood composite(plywood, particle board or hardboard) or pressure treatedwood.4.3 Substrate ConditionsConditions such as species ofwood, porosity, degree of weathering, and previous coatingsdetermine the kind of coating that can be applied. Theperformance of coatings on uncoated new wood c
36、an beinfluenced by the presence of mill glaze and wood grainorientation. The condition of previously stained substrates suchas degree of chalk, presence of dirt, mold, and water-soluble oroily contaminants, extractives, film adhesion, and porosity alsoinfluence the performance of coatings. Smoothnes
37、s of thesubstrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, andtexture.4.4 Preparation of previously coated or weathered substratesincluding cleaning, sanitizing, and sanding.4.5 The application properties are affected by temperatureand humidity at the time of application and during drying.4.5.1
38、 For Water ReducibleAs these materials containwater, surfaces do not have to be completely dry beforeapplication. However, application and surface temperatureslower than 50F may cause poor film formation.4.5.2 For Solvent ReducibleSurface dampness may ad-versely effect film uniformity, wetting, and
39、adhesion. Humidityand low temperature have relatively little effect except forslowing the drying.4.6 Substrate WeatheringWeathering of wood beforestaining will adversely affect the performance of exteriorcoatings.4.6.1 Substrate Aspects of the BuildingIf constructiondefects or defects due to age are
40、 such that excessive moisturefrom the inside or the outside makes its way through thesubstrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with dampground, blistering flaking or peeling may result.4.6.2 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-eral for the area and specific, such as under e
41、aves, behindshrubbery, north side and south side exposure are significantweathering factors.5. Selection of Tests5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjectedvary with (1) the surface type: deck, siding, species of woodand (2) the service environment; sheltered, exposed, andhorizontal,
42、specialized types of solvent-borne and water-bornecoatings have been developed for the different locations.Selection of the referenced methods to be followed must begoverned by experience and the requirements in each indi-vidual case, together with agreement between the purchaserand the seller.5.2 T
43、he purchaser should first determine which propertiesare the most important. After establishing the requirements orspecifications, select the test methods that measure or evaluatethose properties. The balance of properties must be consideredwhen establishing the requirements and selecting the tests.
44、Thesignificance of the tests and the normal range of values arepresented in the different sections, in most cases.6. Sampling6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container shouldbe checked since damage to it may cause evaporation, skinningor other undesirable effects on the coatings.6.2 Sampl
45、e in accordance with Practice D 3925. Determinethe density in pounds per gallon (kilograms/litre) in accordancewith Test Method D 1475. Continue sampling and determiningdensity until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or asagreed upon between the purchaser and seller. Then takesamples for
46、 testing.6.3 Specify the amount required for a representative sample,the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1-US gal (or4-L) sample is usually sufficient for the recommended tests, butfor guidance in selecting a sampling plan consult PracticeE 105.7. Liquid Coating Properties7.1 SkinningCo
47、atings that contain a binder that dries byoxidation may be subject to skin formation in a partially-filledcan. Since skins are insoluble in the material they must beremoved before use. The referenced test in a partially-filledcontainer indicates the tendency of the material to skin. Atypical minimum
48、 time for skinning in accordance with thismethod is 48 h. Examine the original sample for skins, both onand below the surface. Using a well-mixed skin-free portion ofthe sample, perform a skinning test in accordance with GuideD 154.7.2 Condition in ContainerThickening, settling, and sepa-ration are
49、undesirable and objectionable if material that hasbeen stored cannot be readily reconditioned and made suitablefor application with a reasonable amount of stirring. Thereferenced method covers procedures for determining changes4Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http:/www.coatingstech.org.D6763083in properties after storage and lists characteristics that areundesirable and objectionable in a stored stain. Determinecondition in the container in accordance with Method 3011 ofU. S. Federal Tes
