1、Designation: D6763 08 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forTesting Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. Thi
3、sincludes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparentand opaque stains and clear water repellents. The propertiesthat can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant testprocedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.NOTE 1The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composi-tion intended for use
4、on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish thatobscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; alsocalled solid color or solid hide.NOTE 2The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmentedcomposition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniformfinish that doe
5、s not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.NOTE 3The term “clear” is defined as a transparent compositionintended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that doesnot obscure the grain or texture of the wood.1.1.1 DiscussionWhen applied to woods that differ incolor, ther
6、e is a color difference between stained substrates.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard may involve haza
7、rdous materials,operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory req
8、uirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, andApplicationsD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD154 Guide for Testing VarnishesD185 Tes
9、t Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White LinseedOil Paints (Withdrawn 2005)3D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints bythe Visual Evaluation of BrushoutsD358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of Coatings (With
10、drawn 2014)3D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD661 Tes
11、t Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD869 Test Method for Evaluating D
12、egree of Settling of PaintD968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on WoodD1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and PlywoodD1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by H
13、egman-Type GageD1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-ticle Panel Materials1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRela
14、ted Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2014. Published September 2014. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6763 08. DOI:10.1520/D6763-08R14.2For r
15、eferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is reference
16、d onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formationof Organic Coatings at Room TemperatureD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diff
17、usely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1849 Test Method for Package Stability of PaintD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)ViscometerD2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape AdhesionD2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Re
18、sistance of Water-Borne CoatingsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acidsin Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD2370 Test Metho
19、d for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat-ingsD2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsD2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in theContaine
20、r to Attack by MicroorganismsD2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of VehicleSolids From Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clearor Pigmented CoatingsD2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-tometryD3168 Practice for Qualitative Identific
21、ation of Polymers inEmulsion PaintsD3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on theSurface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-berD3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Dis-figurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, orSoil and Dirt AccumulationD3278 Test Meth
22、ods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Teststhe Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttackD3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection onCoated Exterio
23、r Panels (Withdrawn 2009)3D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-EmulsionPaints by Low-Temperature AshingD3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence ofLatex Paint Films by Porosity Measurement (Withdrawn2012)3D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD3928
24、Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or SheenUniformityD3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound(VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the
25、 Taber AbraserD4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-DownMethodD4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-centrating Exposures of CoatingsD4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCupsD4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalkingof Exterior Paint FilmsD4287
26、 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate ViscometerD4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using aMultinotch ApplicatorD4446 Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness ofWater-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swellingof Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid WaterEnviro
27、nmentsD4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Controlled CondensationD4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-sures of Paint and Related CoatingsD4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag ofLatex PaintsD5326 Test Method for Color Development in Tinted LatexPai
28、ntsD5401 Test Method for Evaluating Clear Water RepellentCoatings on WoodD6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resis-tance of CoatingsD6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint andRelated CoatingsE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE105 Practice for Pro
29、bability Sampling of MaterialsE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryG90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-ing of Nonmetallic
30、 Materials Using Concentrated NaturalSunlight2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:4U. S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 C2131 Application of Sprayed Films2141 Application of Brushed Films3011 Condition in Container4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability4421 Absorption Test4541 Working Properties and Ap
31、pearance of Dried Film4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D6763 08 (2014)26301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)2.3 Other Documents:Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Soc
32、ieties forCoatings Technology5Paint and Coatings Testing Manual3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-ogy D16, D1038, and D1554 and to the FSCT Stain/CoatingsDictionary.4. Conditions Affecting Coatings4.1 MoistureWood is porous and will absorb moisture,causing it
33、to swell. As it dries, it will shrink. It is this cycle ofshrinking and swelling that causes warping and cracking in thewood substrate. This dimensional instability stresses a coating,affecting its durability. Many semitransparent, opaque, or solidcolor exterior stains are formulated to repel water
34、to protectwood from ingress of moisture, thereby reducing the tendencyof the wood to warp and crack.4.2 Substrate TypeThe substrate to be coated can affectnot only the application properties of a coating, such as glossand uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type ofcoating to use. For
35、 instance, a primer may be required forpreviously coated wood that will receive opaque stain; or aprimer-sealer on previously uncoated wood. Other factorsinclude the type and quality of wood or wood composite(plywood, particle board or hardboard) or pressure treatedwood.4.3 Substrate ConditionsCondi
36、tions such as species ofwood, porosity, degree of weathering, and previous coatingsdetermine the kind of coating that can be applied. Theperformance of coatings on uncoated new wood can beinfluenced by the presence of mill glaze and wood grainorientation. The condition of previously stained substrat
37、es suchas degree of chalk, presence of dirt, mold, and water-soluble oroily contaminants, extractives, film adhesion, and porosity alsoinfluence the performance of coatings. Smoothness of thesubstrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, andtexture.4.4 Preparation of previously coated or we
38、athered substratesincluding cleaning, sanitizing, and sanding.4.5 The application properties are affected by temperatureand humidity at the time of application and during drying.4.5.1 For Water ReducibleAs these materials containwater, surfaces do not have to be completely dry beforeapplication. How
39、ever, application and surface temperatureslower than 50F may cause poor film formation.4.5.2 For Solvent ReducibleSurface dampness may ad-versely effect film uniformity, wetting, and adhesion. Humidityand low temperature have relatively little effect except forslowing the drying.4.6 Substrate Weathe
40、ringWeathering of wood beforestaining will adversely affect the performance of exteriorcoatings.4.6.1 Substrate Aspects of the BuildingIf constructiondefects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisturefrom the inside or the outside makes its way through thesubstrate or if the substrate is
41、 in direct contact with dampground, blistering flaking or peeling may result.4.6.2 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-eral for the area and specific, such as under eaves, behindshrubbery, north side and south side exposure are significantweathering factors.5. Selection of Tests5.1
42、Because the conditions to which a coating is subjectedvary with (1) the surface type: deck, siding, species of woodand (2) the service environment; sheltered, exposed, andhorizontal, specialized types of solvent-borne and water-bornecoatings have been developed for the different locations.Selection
43、of the referenced methods to be followed must begoverned by experience and the requirements in each indi-vidual case, together with agreement between the purchaserand the seller.5.2 The purchaser should first determine which propertiesare the most important. After establishing the requirements orspe
44、cifications, select the test methods that measure or evaluatethose properties. The balance of properties must be consideredwhen establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. Thesignificance of the tests and the normal range of values arepresented in the different sections, in most cases.6.
45、Sampling6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container shouldbe checked since damage to it may cause evaporation, skinningor other undesirable effects on the coatings.6.2 Sample in accordance with Practice D3925. Determinethe density in pounds per gallon (kilograms/litre) in accordancewith Te
46、st Method D1475. Continue sampling and determiningdensity until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or asagreed upon between the purchaser and seller. Then takesamples for testing.6.3 Specify the amount required for a representative sample,the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1
47、-US gal (or4-L) sample is usually sufficient for the recommended tests, butfor guidance in selecting a sampling plan consult PracticeE105.7. Liquid Coating Properties7.1 SkinningCoatings that contain a binder that dries byoxidation may be subject to skin formation in a partially-filledcan. Since ski
48、ns are insoluble in the material they must beremoved before use. The referenced test in a partially-filledcontainer indicates the tendency of the material to skin. Atypical minimum time for skinning in accordance with thismethod is 48 h. Examine the original sample for skins, both onand below the su
49、rface. Using a well-mixed skin-free portion ofthe sample, perform a skinning test in accordance with GuideD154.5Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http:/www.coatingstech.org.D6763 08 (2014)37.2 Condition in ContainerThickening, settling, and sepa-ration are undesirable and objectionable if material that hasbeen stored cannot be readily reconditioned and made suitablefor application with a reasonable amount of stirring. Thereferenced method covers procedures for determining changesin pr
