1、Designation: D6765 02 (Reapproved 2008)D6765 13Standard Practice forLive Staking1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the material, preparation and installation work required for live stake construction.1.2 The values in this standard are in SI u
3、nits and are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parenthesesare for information only.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction with pro
4、fessional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace standard of care by which adequacyof a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without considerations of a pro
5、jects manyunique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through theASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address allof the safety concer
6、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 live stake, nan individual live woody plant materi
7、al cutting used in live staking.2.1.2 live staking, vthe act of tamping live woody plant material cuttings into the ground.2.1.3 live woody plant material, nstem and branch cuttings of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species.3. Summary of Practice3.1 Live stakes are stem or branch cuttings
8、 of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species that are tamped into the ground.If correctly prepared and installed, the live stake will root and grow. Once the live stakes become established, they create topgrowth and a living root system. The root system stabilizes the shallow subsoil by rei
9、nforcing and binding together soil particles,and by extracting excess soil moisture. The vegetative top growth from the living live stakes provides cover for the soil surfaceagainst erosive forces. See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3.4. Significance and Use4.1 Live staking is a soil bioengineering techni
10、que used to provide erosion and sedimentation control after plants have becomefully established by increasing infiltration, slowing or redirecting runoff, and trapping seed and sediments.Asuccessful live stakingapplication provides mechanical surface slope stabilization, aesthetics, water quality an
11、d habitat enhancement. The ability of livestaking to function properly depends on the quality and correctness of the materials utilized, the means and methods of installation,and proper consideration of site characteristics. It is imperative that the live staking develops root and top growth.5. Mate
12、rials5.1 Fresh or well-preserved viable cuttings are used. The stems or branches are straight. Side branches are cleanly removed.Bark remains intact. The basal ends are cut at an angle for easy insertion into the soil. The top is cut square. Typically, plants are1 This practice is under the jurisdic
13、tion of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved June 1, 2008Aug. 1, 2013. Published July 2008August 2013. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 asD
14、6765 02.D6765 02 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/D6765-02R08.10.1520/D6765-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict a
15、ll changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
16、959. United States1harvested near the project site within the same climate zone. Typical lengths for live stakes are from 600 to 900 mm (2 to 3 ft).The caliper (diameter) of cuttings generally ranges from 15 to 40 mm (12 to 112 in.). Cut and install the live stakes in the dormantseason.5.2 Brush Cut
17、ting ImplementsCut live vegetation with such tools as pruning shears, loppers, clearing saws, chainsaws, andbush axes. The cuts must be made in a manner that allows the bark to remain intact and the stems or branches are not split orshredded.6. Installation6.1 Harvest live woody plant material using
18、 a sharp, clean brush-cutting implement. The cuttings may be temporarily storedoutdoors in water or in a moist environment for a maximum of 2 days when the outdoor temperature remains below 10C (50F),or refrigerated storage at 1 to 3C (33 to 39F) can be used for up to two (2) months, provided humidi
19、ty levels are maintained above90 %.FIG. 1 Individual Live Stake Prior to InstallationFIG. 2 Cross-Section of Live Stakes (Installed)FIG. 3 Photograph of Growing Live StakesD6765 1326.2 Tamp each live stake into the ground perpendicular to the soil surface with the buds oriented up. An iron bar or si
20、milardevice can be used to make a pilot hole in firm soil. The outside diameter of the iron bar may be no larger than the smallest livestake. Buds are oriented up.6.3 Tamp live stake into the ground with a dead blow hammer until four-fifths of the live stake is buried.6.4 Firmly pack soil around the
21、 live stake after it has been tamped into the ground.6.5 Live stakes that split or are otherwise damaged during installation are removed and replaced.6.6 The spacing and density of live stakes depend upon species selection and site conditions. Live stakes are commonly installed600 to 900 mm (2 to 3
22、ft) on center using a triangular layout. The density of this configuration will range from 2 to 4 live stakesper square meter.6.7 Live staking is frequently used in association with rolled erosion control products, riprap, or other technologies.7. Keywords7.1 erosion control; live stake; live stakin
23、g; slope stabilization; soil bioengineeringASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
24、the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision
25、of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shoul
26、dmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6765 133
