1、Designation: D 6774 02Standard Test Method forCrimp and Shrinkage Properties for Textured Yarns Using aDynamic Textured Yarn Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6774; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of crimpcontraction, residual fiber shrinkage and thei
3、r variability of alltypes of filament yarns (partially oriented yarn (POY), fullyoriented yarn (FOY), flat yarns, textured and bulked continu-ous filament (BCF) carpet yarns) using an automated tester.NOTE 1For another method of testing crimp in textured yarns, refer toTest Method D 4031.1.1.1 This
4、method may also be used for non-textured yarns.1.2 This test method is limited to crimped, multi-filamentyarns ranging from 22.0 to 890 dtex (15 to 800 denier) and forBCF yarns from 890 to 4200 dtex (800 to 3800 denier).1.3 The values stated in either SI or US customary units areto be regarded separ
5、ately as standard. Within the text, the U.S.customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the method.1.4 This standa
6、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
7、M Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing3D 4031 Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured Yarns2D 4849 Terminology Relating to Fibers and Yarns3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of textile terms in this test method, referto Terminology D 4949.
8、 For other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The specimen passes through a pretension device toremove crimp. The specimen then passes, at a constant speed,around an input roller, to a calibrated sensor which maintains aspecific tension.4.1
9、.1 Subsequently, the specimen passes through a heatingelement, at a low tension, where the specimen shrinks andagain is crimped.4.1.2 The crimped specimen then goes to an intermediateroll, at a low tension.4.1.3 The specimen then travels to a second sensor, whichmaintains a tension equal to the pret
10、ension applied, to removedeveloped crimp.4.2 Residual fiber shrinkage, crimp developed, and maxi-mum total contraction are calculated by the computer softwareusing speeds of the input, intermediate and output rolls.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D 6774, for determining maximum totalcontracti
11、on, crimp, and residual fiber shrinkage in texturedfilament yarns is suitable for acceptance testing of commercialshipments.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if the
12、re isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-parative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn fromthe same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparateresults during initial testing and randomly assign
13、ed in equalnumbers to each laboratory. The test results from the labora-tories involved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for tha
14、t material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The properties and their variability as measured by thismethod relate to bulk appearance, stretch and recovery offabrics and dyeability of yarns.5.3 For some yarns, elapsed time between processing andtesting has a marked effect on the
15、 results, of this test, especiallyduring the first 72 h. The effect is caused by stress decay which1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarn Test Methods,General.Current edition approved April 10, 2002
16、. Published August 2002.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.is known to be minimal beyond the seventh day and afterwhich time the yarn re
17、mains relatively stable. Therefore,specimens should only be compared if tested after the sameelapsed time. Samples can be tested at-line, thus having little tono elapsed time between processing and testing.6. Apparatus6.1 Textured Yarn Tester4, equipped with the following:6.1.1 Non-contact Heater Tu
18、be, with a temperature rangefrom 100 to 205C (with an accuracy of 6 1C), for filamentyarns 22.0 to 890 dtex (15 to 800 denier): or6.1.1.1 Non-contact Heater Tube, with a temperature rangefrom 185 to 250C (with an accuracy of 6 1C), for textile andBCF yarns 890 to 4200 dtex (800 to 3800 denier).6.1.2
19、 Pretension Device6.1.2.1 For filament yarns 22.0 to 890 dtex (15 to 800denier), to control the tension within a range of 5 to 25 g, withan accuracy of 63%:or6.1.2.2 For textile and BCF yarns 890 to 4200 dtex (800 to3800 denier), to controls the tension within a range of 10 to 250g, with an accuracy
20、 of 6 3%.6.1.3 Sensor Assemblies, for Zones 1 and 2 (see Fig. 1).6.1.3.1 Fine Yarn Sensors, 22.0 to 890 dtex (15 to 800denier).6.1.3.2 Heavy Yarn Sensors, 890 to 4200 dtex (800 to 3800denier).6.1.4 Computer, Software and Printer.6.2 Static Eliminator, optional if necessary.NOTE 2A static eliminator
21、is used when the static level in the yarn isgreat enough to cause the filaments to flare out and cause snagging of thefilaments on components of the tester.6.3 Automatic Package Changer, for high volume produc-tion testing, optional.6.4 Tensiometer.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleFor acceptance testing, ta
22、ke a lot sampleof shipping containers as directed in an applicable specifica-tion, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. Inthe absence of an applicable specification or agreement, take alot sample as directed in Practice D 2258.NOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement betwe
23、en thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit,and between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling planwith a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable qualitylevel and lim
24、iting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, take atrandom from each shipping container in the lot sample thenumber of laboratory sampling units as directed in an appli-cable material specification or other agreement between pur-chaser and supplier such as an agreement to use Pra
25、cticeD 2258. Preferably, take the same number of laboratory unitsfrom each shipping container in the lot sample.7.3 Number of SpecimensTest ten, 2-m length, specimens4The sole source of supply of the Textured Yarn Apparatus known to thecommittee is Lawson-Hemphill Sales, Inc., PO Drawer 6388, Sparta
26、nburg, SouthCarolina 29304, or (International Sales) Lawson-Hemphill Inc., 96 Hadwin Street,Central Falls, Rhode Island 02863. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide information to ASTM headquarters. Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible te
27、chnical committee, which you mayattend.FIG. 1 Diagram of the Yarn Thread Path through the Textured Yarn TesterD6774022from each package in the laboratory sample.NOTE 4Current software for the test apparatus is designed to measureonly in meters. When available, tests can be run in 2 yd increments.8.
28、Conditioning8.1 Conditioning and preconditioning are not required. Test-ing may be performed in the production area (at-line).9. Preparation and Calibration of Apparatus9.1 For yarn types and deniers not previously tested, and forwhich initial set-up conditions have not been established,follow the d
29、irections in Annex A1 before proceeding to 9.2.9.2 For previously tested yarn types and deniers for whichset-up procedures have been established, prepare and calibratethe tester using the established set-up procedure for that yarn,manufacturers manual, A1.1-A1.10 and the following infor-mation.9.2.1
30、 Turn on the motor and check the speed on thecomputer monitor.9.2.2 Check that both appropriate sensor assemblies (zone 1and zone 2) for freedom of movement.9.2.3 Set the zero adjustment for the sensing arms andcalibrate the tester.9.2.4 Set sensing arm tension and pretension as prescribedin A1.4-A1
31、.6 or refer to manufacturers operational manual.9.2.5 Stop the tester motor.10. Procedure10.1 Operate the test apparatus as directed in the manufac-turers operating manual.10.2 When performing routine testing and the parametershave previously been set as directed in Section 9, follow theprocedure be
32、low.10.2.1 Thread the yarn in the tester and let the tester runabout a minute. Check to ensure that the yarn moves freelythrough the tester in the center of the heating tube.10.2.2 Stop the tester.10.2.3 Set the pretension as required for the yarn under test.10.2.4 Set the test length to 2 m and the
33、 number of tests toten.10.2.5 Enter the yarn identification information into thecomputer and start the test.10.2.6 When testing multiple packages, with different lineardensities, it may be necessary to reset the tensions in thesensing zones and pretension, with the change in linear density.10.2.7 Re
34、move specimen from the tester when testing iscomplete.11. Calculation of Results11.1 All calculations shown below, including averages,standard deviation and coefficient of variation for the labora-tory sampling units and for the lot, are determined using thecomputer software. Equations used for dete
35、rmining the prop-erty values are given in the following sections (see Fig. 2).11.2 Total ContractionCalculate the total contraction tothe nearest 0.1 % using Eq 1.T 5 100R1 2 R2!R1(1)where:T = total contraction, %,R1 = input roller speed, m/min (yd/min), andR2 = intermediate roller speed, m/min (yd/
36、min).11.3 CrimpCalculate the crimp developed to the nearest0.1 % using Eq 2.FIG. 2 Diagram Relating the Terminology of Textured Yarn TesterD6774023C 5 100R3 2 R2!R3(2)where:C = crimp, %, andR3 = output roller speed, m/min (yd/min).11.4 Residual Fiber ShrinkageCalculate the residual fibershrinkage to
37、 the nearest 0.1 % using Eq 3.S 5 100R1 2 R3!R1(3)where:S = residual fiber shrinkage, %.12. Report12.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D 6774. Describe the material or product sampled andthe method of sampling used.12.2 Report the following properties for each specimen
38、 andaverages for each laboratory sampling unit and lot sample forthe following parameters:12.2.1 Maximum total contraction.12.2.2 Crimp.12.2.3 Residual fiber shrinkage.12.2.4 Standard deviation and coefficient of variation.12.2.5 Mean values for maximum total contraction andresidual fiber shrinkage,
39、 and the standard deviation and coef-ficient of variation for the lot sample.12.3 Report the following test conditions used for the test:12.3.1 Test speed used.12.3.2 Test temperature used.12.3.3 Specify heater type.12.3.4 Pretension used.12.3.5 If static eliminator was used during testing.12.3.6 El
40、apsed time.13. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory study was performed toestimate variability of the test method. The study included 12laboratories. Four operators were used to measure three speci-mens for five different yarns, which develop crimp in hot wetconditions on two different
41、 days. ANOVA was used to deter-mine variance components:Method repeatability is defined as the “maximum difference”that can “reasonably” be expected between two test resultsobtained on the same material when the test results areobtained in the same laboratory. Repeatability standard devia-tion, sr,
42、is taken to be the square root of the “specimen”variance component, and represents within-operator precision.Method reproducibility is defined as the “maximum difference”that can “reasonably” be expected between two test resultsobtained on the same material when the test results areobtained from dif
43、ferent laboratories.5sR, the total standarddeviation, is formed by taking the square root of the sum ofintra- and inter-laboratory variance components.13.2 BiasThe procedure of this test method produces atest value that can be defined only in terms of a test method.There is no independent referee me
44、thod by which bias may bedetermined. This test method has no known bias.14. Keywords14.1 crimp; residual fiber shrinkage; textured yarn; totalcontraction5John Mandel and Theodore W. Lashof, 1987. The Nature of Repeatability andReproducibility. Jour. Quality Technology, 19 (1).TABLE 1 Response = Tota
45、l Contraction (%)Material Average V(Instrument) V(Operator) V(Package) V(Specimen)75 16.61146 0.03422 0.00000 1.73951 0.02205150 15.69156 0.01678 0.00000 0.42009 0.03236165 15.32594 0.11261 0.00000 0.27580 0.02625190 18.34844 0.35085 0.00000 2.88366 0.07342TABLE 2 Response = Shrinkage (%)Material Av
46、erage V(Instrument) V(Operator) V(Package) V(Specimen)75 3.28594 0.03306 0.00000 0.08752 0.00689150 1.74146 0.02272 0.00000 0.00268 0.01810165 4.55219 0.00082 0.00000 0.68329 0.03363190 2.67563 0.09634 0.00000 0.19280 0.01388TABLE 3 Response = Total Contraction (%)Material srRepeatability sRReproduc
47、ibility75 0.14849 0.41160 1.34006 3.71447150 0.17989 0.49864 0.68501 1.89875165 0.16203 0.44912 0.64395 1.78493190 0.27096 0.75108 1.81877 5.04137TABLE 4 Response = Shrinkage (%)Material srRepeatability sRReproducibility75 0.08303 0.23016 0.35703 0.98964150 0.13455 0.37296 0.20857 0.57812165 0.18338
48、 0.50830 0.84720 2.34831190 0.11782 0.32658 0.55047 1.52583D6774024ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. SET-UP TO ESTABLISH TESTING CONDITIONS FOR THE TEXTURED YARN TESTERNOTE A1.1The instructions may vary slightly for the different ver-sions of this instrument. In each case, refer to the manufacturersop
49、erational manual.A1.1 Set the heater temperature to approximately 100Cand allow ample time for the heater to reach the temperature.This temperature is the starting point for the heat curve.A1.2 Make a zero calibration using the manufacturersoperation manual.A1.3 Set the machine speed to 100 m/min. for yarns 22.0 to890 dtex (15 to 800 denier), or 30 m/min. for textile, and BCFcarpet yarns 890 to 4200 dtex (800 to 3800 denier).A1.4 Set the Pretension to 10 g, or use 100 mg per denier.A1.5 Set the zone 1 sensing arm. Use the guidelines, TableA1.1, to determine t
