1、Designation: D 6794 02 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils AfterTreatment with Various Amounts of Water and a Long (6-h)Heating Time1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6794; the number immediate
2、ly following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny prop
3、erly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described inthis test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (seeAnnexA1). By these means,the laboratory w
4、ill know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to thoseobtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMCservices in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposessuch a
5、requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC
6、.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A1).For other information, refer to the research report of this test method.31. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determ
7、ination of the ten-dency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter.It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new enginerun for a short period of time, followed by a long period ofstorage with some water in the oil.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesa
8、fety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D 1193 Specification for Reage
9、nt WaterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)5D 5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke Cycle Tur
10、bo-Supercharged 6V92TA DieselEngineE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubrica
11、nts.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6794 02.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489.This test method is supplemented by Information Letters and Memoranda issued bythe A
12、STM Test Monitoring Center. Users of this test method can contact the ASTMTest Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent of these.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D021492.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
13、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
14、19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.2 calibration test, na test, using a coded oil, con-ducted as specified in the test method.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe test result is used to determine thesui
15、tability of the testing facility/laboratory to conduct suchtests on non-reference oils.3.1.3 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is tested against that specification. D 58443.1.4 engine oil, na liquid that reduces fri
16、ction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-t
17、ion, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are examples.D 58623.1.5 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoilsuch as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 58443.1.6 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
18、3.1.6.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 effective filter area, nthat surface of a test filt
19、er thatcan receive the material to be filtered.3.2.2 new oil, nan unused oil having the identical formu-lation and base stock as the test oil.3.2.3 test oil, nthe new oil with various amounts of wateradded.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA potential precipitate in the test oil isinduced by heating the oil and agi
20、ng.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test oil is treated with deionized water. The sampleis heated to 70C for 6 h, followed by storage at roomtemperature. The sample is filtered and the flow rate iscalculated determining the engine oil filterability characteris-tics.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is n
21、ormal for some of the combustion products of aninternal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubri-cant and be retained in it.5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and thenstored over a long period of time, the by-products of combus-tion may be retained in the oil in a liquefied s
22、tate.5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form thatimpair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil tothe same treatments such that the loss of filterability can bedetermined.5.5 Reference oils, on which the dat
23、a obtained by this testmethod is known, are available.5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also betested and results reported. Two oils are available, one knownto give a low and one known to give a high data value for thistest method.NOTE 1When the new oil test results are to be offere
24、d as candidate oiltest results for a specification, such as Specification D 4485, the specifi-cation will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction)of the test oil as compared to the new oil.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a 25-mL burette, a filter holderwith 25-m autom
25、otive oil filter paper, and a source of 69 6 2kPa (10 6 0.3 psi) air pressure. Discs of filter paper are cut tofit the holder and installed (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 Burette (glass or plastic), 25 mL, with polytetrafluo-roethylene (PTFE) stopcock and 1.8 6 0.1mm burette tipopening.6.1.2 Air Regulator, capa
26、ble of regulating air to a pressureof 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi).6.1.3 Filter Holder, with effective filter area approximately0.8 cm2.6.1.4 Automotive Oil Filter Paper, 25 mm, (25-m poros-ity).66.2 Blender, capable of 18 000 r/min 610 % without thecontainer.6.2.1 Timer, capable of timing 30 6 1s.6.3
27、Container with Blade, 250 mL, compatible with theblender.6.4 Syringe, 1000 L.6.5 Glass Jars, 60 mL, with inert lined lids.6.6 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining70 6 1C.6.7 Sensors (or equivalent timing devices), capable of mea-suring sequential events to 1 s resolution.7. Reagents7.1
28、 Purity of ReagentsUse reagent grade chemicals in alltests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagentsshall conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,7wheresuch specifications are available. Other grades may be used,provide
29、d it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean Test Method D 1193 TypeIII deionized water or water of equivalen
30、t purity.6The sole source of supply of the automotive oil filter paper known to thecommittee at this time is The Central Parts Distributor, OH Technologies Inc., P.O.Box 5039, Mentor, OH 44061-5039. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headq
31、uarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1,which you may attend.7Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the Amer
32、ican Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D 6794 02 (2007)27.3 TMC Reference OilsThese are available from the TestMonitoring Ce
33、nter.8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with the instructions inPractice D 4057.9. Preparation of Test Oil Sample and Filter9.1 Mix 49.7 6 0.1 g of test oil, 0.3 6 0.05 g (0.3 6 0.05mLwith the 1000-Lsyringe) of deionized water in the blenderfor 30 6 1 s at 18 000 r/min 610 %. Cover the top of
34、 thecontainer loosely to prevent oil spattering.9.2 Transfer the sample to a 60-mL wide mouth glass bottleand place the loosely capped (1/4 turn) bottle in an oven at 70.06 1.0C for 6 h. Remove from the oven, tighten cap, and allowto cool to room temperature (20 to 24C).9.3 Repeat 9.1 and 9.2 with 0
35、.5 g water, 1.0 g water, and 1.5g water.9.4 Store in dark at room temperature (20 to 24C).9.5 Determine filterability 48 6 2 h after removing thesample from the oven.9.6 Dry filters in an oven at 70 6 2C for 30 6 2 min andstore in a desiccator until used.10. Procedure10.1 Assemble apparatus as shown
36、 in Fig. 1 with filterinstalled in proper orientation (25-m smooth side up).10.2 Determine the new oil flow rate by placing a sample ofthe new oil in the burette. Pressurize the system and force atleast 10 mL of oil through the filter to saturate the filter with oiland remove any air bubbles. Discon
37、nect the air line and fill theburette with new oil to a level 1 to 2 cm above the 0 mark.Pressurize the system to 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi), open thestopcock, and measure the flow time for each successive 5 mLof oil between the 0 and 25-mL graduations.10.3 To determine the test oil flow rate, the fl
38、ow times of thenew oil are first determined. Using the same filter disc, filterholder, and burette, reduce the new oil level in the burette to thelowest level that allows no air bubbles below the stopcock.Disconnect the air line and fill the burette with a well-mixedsample of test oil to a level 1 t
39、o 2 cm above the 0 mark.Pressurize the system to 69 6 2 kPa (10 6 0.3 psi), open thestopcock, and measure the flow time for each successive 5 mLof oil between the 0 and 25-mL graduations.10.4 Run each non-reference and reference oil in duplicate;repeat Section 9 and 10.1 to 10.4 for each non-referen
40、ce andeach reference oil.NOTEFilter holder has approximate area of 0.8 cm2. It contains automotive oil filter paper (25 m porosity).FIG. 1 Apparatus To Measure Engine Oil FilterabilityD 6794 02 (2007)310.5 For TMC-monitored tests, run the TMC reference oilon the same day as the non-reference oil.10.
41、6 For tests not monitored by the TMC, an in-housequality assurance oil can be used in place of the TMCreference.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the flow rate for the new oil and the test oilfor each 5-mL portion of oil using Eq 1:flow rate 5AB(1)where:A = volume of oil, andB = flow time.11.2 Calculate
42、 the percent change in flow rate of the test oilrelative to the new oil with the final oil flow rates (between 20and 25 mL measured with the same filter disc) using Eq 2:percent change in flow rate 5E 2 DD3 100 (2)where:D = final new oil flow rate, andE = final test oil flow rate.12. TMC Reference O
43、il Testing12.1 Test a TMC-coded reference oil along with each batchof non-reference oil tests. Run the reference oil simultaneouslywith, and in the same batch as, the non-reference oils.NOTE 2AnnexA1 discusses the involvement of theASTM TMC withrespect to the reference test-monitoring program.12.1.1
44、 Prior to conducting a reference oil test, procure asupply of reference oils directly from the TMC. These oils havebeen formulated or selected to represent specific chemistrytypes, or performance levels, or both. Each reference oilsample is identified using a unique set of identification codeson the
45、 container labels. The coded reference samples providefor a blind reference-testing program to protect against thepossibility of bias in the results.12.1.1.1 The testing laboratory tacitly agrees to use theTMC reference oils exclusively in accordance with the TMCspublished Policies for Use and Analy
46、sis of ASTM ReferenceOils, and to run and report the reference oil test according toTMC guidelines.NOTE 3Policies for the Use and Analysis of ASTM Reference Oilsare available from the TMC.12.1.2 Request a reference oil assignment from the TMC forthis test method. The TMC will determine the specific
47、refer-ence oil to be tested by the laboratory. Assignments will bemade by the unique identifying codes on the reference oilcontainer labels.12.1.3 Run the TMC reference oil test according to the testmethod and in the same manner as the non-reference oil test(s).Run the reference oil simultaneously w
48、ith, and in the samebatch as, the non-reference oils. Reference oils and non-reference oils in the same batch shall be run within the same4-h time frame.12.1.4 Reporting of Reference Oil Test ResultsReport theresults of all reference oil tests to the TMC according to thefollowing directives:12.1.4.1
49、 The data report forms are available from the TMCfor reporting all TMC reference oil test data to the TMC.Report only the reference oil results to the TMC. Do notinclude any non-reference test data. Complete all of therequired blank fields on the forms.12.1.4.2 Transmit reference test data to the TMC by elec-tronic means or by telephone facsimile immediately uponcompletion of the test analysis. Include all of the reportingforms in the transmission.NOTE 4Specific protocols for the electronic transmission of test datato the TMC are available from
