1、Designation: D6794 13D6794 14Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils AfterTreatment with Various Amounts of Water and a Long (6 h)Heating Time1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6794; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside
3、assistance, can use the procedure described inthis test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see AnnexA1). By these means,the laboratory will know whether their use of the test m
4、ethod gives results statistically similar to thoseobtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize theTMCservices in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposessuch a requirement in connection with several Ar
5、my engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by mean
6、s of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A1).For other information, refer to the research report of this test method.31. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to for
7、m a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. Itsimulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storagewith some water in the oil.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement ar
8、e included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations pr
9、ior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils fo
10、r Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)51 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2013
11、May 1, 2014. Published May 2013May 2014. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asD6794 10.D6794 13. DOI: 10.1520/D6794-13.10.1520/D6794-14.2 ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489. This test method is supplemented by Information Lett
12、ers and Memoranda issued by theASTM Test Monitoring Center. This edition includes all information letters through No. 131. Users of this test method can contact the ASTM Test Monitoring Center toobtain the most recent of these.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and
13、may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1492.4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 T
14、he last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to ade
15、quately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM
16、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (Withdrawn2009)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or
17、output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to thatof a standard.3.1.2 calibration test, na test, using a coded oil, conducted as specified in the test method.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe test result is used to determine the suitability of the testing facility/laboratory to condu
18、ct such tests on non-reference oils.3.1.3 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis tested against that specification. D58443.1.4 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts wi
19、thin an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation, and foaming
20、are examples. D58623.1.5 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oilsuch as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D58443.1.6 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.6.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrat
21、e testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 effective filter area, nthat surface of a test filter that can receive the material to be filtered.3.2.
22、2 new oil, nan unused oil having the identical formulation and base stock as the test oil.3.2.3 test oil, nthe new oil with various amounts of water added.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA potential precipitate in the test oil is induced by heating the oil and aging.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test oil is tr
23、eated with deionized water. The sample is heated to 70 C for 6 h, followed by storage at room temperature.The sample is filtered and the flow rate is calculated determining the engine oil filterability characteristics.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an
24、internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant andbe retained in it.5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion mightbe retained in the oil in a liquefied state.5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates
25、 can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can bedetermined.5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are a
26、vailable.5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to givea low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.D6794 142NOTE 1When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results fo
27、r a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specificationwill state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a 25 mL burette, a filter holder with 25 m automotive oil filter paper, and a sour
28、ce of (69 6 2)kPa air pressure. Discs of filter paper are cut to fit the holder and installed (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 Burette (glass or plastic), 25 mL, with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) stopcock and (1.8 6 0.1) mm burette tip opening.6.1.2 Air Regulator, capable of regulating air to a pressure of (69
29、6 2) kPa.6.1.3 Filter Holder, with effective filter area approximately 0.8 cm2.6.1.4 Automotive Oil Filter Paper, 25 m porosity.66.2 Blender, capable of 18 000 rpm 610 % without the container.6.2.1 Timer, capable of timing (30 6 1) s.6.3 Container with Blade, 250 mL, compatible with the blender.6.4
30、Syringe, 1000 L.6.5 Glass Jars, 60 mL, with inert lined lids.6.6 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining (70 6 1) C.6.7 Sensors (or equivalent timing devices), capable of measuring sequential events to 1 s resolution.6 The sole source of supply of the automotive oil filter paper known to
31、the committee at this time is The Central Parts Distributor, OH Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 5039,Mentor, OH 44061-5039. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the r
32、esponsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.NOTE 1Filter holder has approximate area of 0.8 cm2. It contains automotive oil filter paper (25 m porosity).FIG. 1 Apparatus To Measure Engine Oil FilterabilityD6794 1437. Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsUse reagent grade chemicals in all tests. U
33、nless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shallconform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,7 where suchspecifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficie
34、ntly high purityto permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean Test Method D1193 Type IIIdeionized water or water of equivalent purity.7.3 TMC Reference OilsThese are available from
35、the Test Monitoring Center.8. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with the instructions in Practice D4057.9. Preparation of Test Oil Sample and Filter9.1 Mix (49.7 6 0.1) g of test oil, (0.3 6 0.05) g (0.3 6 0.05) mL with the 1000 L syringe of deionized water in the blenderfor (30 6 1) s at 18 00
36、0 rpm 610 %. Cover the top of the container loosely to prevent oil spattering.9.2 Transfer the sample to a 60 mL wide mouth glass bottle and place the loosely capped (1/4 turn) bottle in an oven at (70.06 1.0) C for 6 h. Remove from the oven, tighten cap, and allow to cool to room temperature (20 to
37、 24) C.9.3 Repeat 9.1 and 9.2 with 0.5 g water, 1.0 g water, and 1.5 g (49.560.1) g of test oil and (0.560.05) g water, (49.060.1) gof test oil and (1.060.05) g water, and (48.560.1) g of test oil and (1.560.05) g water.9.4 Store in dark at room temperature (20 to 24) C.9.5 Determine filterability (
38、48 6 2) h after removing the sample from the oven.9.6 Dry filters in an oven at (70 6 2) C for (30 6 2) min and store in a desiccator until used.10. Procedure10.1 Assemble apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 with filter installed in proper orientation (25 m smooth side up).10.2 Determine the new oil flow r
39、ate by placing a sample of the new oil in the burette. Pressurize the system and force at least10 mL of oil through the filter to saturate the filter with oil and remove any air bubbles. Disconnect the air line and fill the burettewith new oil to a level (1 to 2) cm above the 0 mark. Pressurize the
40、system to (69 6 2) kPa, open the stopcock, and measure theflow time for each successive 5 mL of oil between the (0 and 25) mL graduations.10.3 To determine the test oil flow rate, the flow times of the new oil are first determined. Using the same filter disc, filter holder,and burette, reduce the ne
41、w oil level in the burette to the lowest level that allows no air bubbles below the stopcock. Disconnectthe air line and fill the burette with a well-mixed sample of test oil to a level (1 to 2) cm above the 0 mark. Pressurize the systemto (69 6 2) kPa, open the stopcock, and measure the flow time f
42、or each successive 5 mL of oil between the (0 and 25) mLgraduations.10.4 Run each non-reference and reference oil in duplicate; repeat Section 9 and 10.1 to 10.4 for each non-reference and eachreference oil.10.5 For TMC-monitored tests, run the TMC reference oil on the same day as the non-reference
43、oil.10.6 For tests not monitored by the TMC, an in-house quality assurance oil can be used in place of the TMC reference.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the flow rate for the new oil and the test oil for each 5 mL portion of oil using Eq 1:flow rate5AB (1)where:A = volume of oil, andB = flow time.11.2
44、 Calculate the percent change in flow rate of the test oil relative to the new oil with the final oil flow rates (between 20 mLand 25 mL measured with the same filter disc) using Eq 2:7 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For sugge
45、stions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.D6794 144percent change in f
46、low rate5E2DD 3100 (2)where:D = final new oil flow rate, andE = final test oil flow rate.12. TMC Reference Oil Testing12.1 Test aTMC-coded reference oil along with each batch of non-reference oil tests. Run the reference oil simultaneously with,and in the same batch as, the non-reference oils.NOTE 2
47、Annex A1 discusses the involvement of the ASTM TMC with respect to the reference test-monitoring program.12.1.1 Prior to conducting a reference oil test, procure a supply of reference oils directly from the TMC. These oils have beenformulated or selected to represent specific chemistry types, or per
48、formance levels, or both. Each reference oil sample is identifiedusing a unique set of identification codes on the container labels. The coded reference samples provide for a blind reference-testingprogram to protect against the possibility of bias in the results.12.1.1.1 The testing laboratory taci
49、tly agrees to use the TMC reference oils exclusively in accordance with the TMCs publishedPolicies for Use and Analysis of ASTM Reference Oils, and to run and report the reference oil test according to TMC guidelines.NOTE 3Policies for the Use and Analysis of ASTM Reference Oils are available from the TMC.12.1.2 Request a reference oil assignment from the TMC for this test method. The TMC determines the specific reference oilto be tested by the laboratory. Assignments are made by the unique identifying codes on the reference oil container
