1、Designation: D6795 10Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils AfterTreatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short (30-min)Heating Time1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6795; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofor
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance,
3、 can use the procedure described inthis test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (seeAnnexA1). By these means,the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives r
4、esults statistically similar to thoseobtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMCservices in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposessuch a requirement in connection with several Army engine lu
5、bricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of informa
6、tion letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see Annex A1).For other information, refer to the research report of this test method.31. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ten-dency of an oil to form a precipit
7、ate that can plug an oil filter.It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new enginerun for a short period of time, followed by a long period ofstorage with some water in the oil.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in
8、thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
9、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)5D586
10、2 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA DieselEngine53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respectto that of a standard.3.1.2 calibration test, na t
11、est, using a coded reference oil,conducted as specified in the test method.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Publi
12、shed June 2010. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D679508. DOI:10.1520/D6795-10.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 152006-4489.This test method is supplemented by Information Letters and Memoranda issued bythe ASTM Test Monitoring Center.
13、 Users of this test method can contact the ASTMTest Monitoring Center to obtain the most recent of these.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1529.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
14、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 1
15、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe test result is used to determine thesuitability of the testing facility/laboratory to conduct suchtests on non-reference oils.3.1.3 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance
16、characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is tested against that specification. D58443.1.4 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas seal
17、ant for the piston rings.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are examples.D58623.1.5 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoilsuch as a research formulation
18、, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D58443.1.6 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.6.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seal
19、s) that interact withoils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 effective filter area, nthat surface of a test filter thatcan receive the material to be filtered.3.2.2 new oil, nan unused oil having the identical formu-lation and base stock as the test oil.3.2.3 test oil, nt
20、he new oil with water added and dry iceadded.3.2.3.1 DiscussionA potential precipitate in the test oil isinduced by heating the oil and aging.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test oil is treated with deionized water and dry ice.The sample is heated to 70C for 30 min, followed by storageat room tempe
21、rature. The sample is filtered and the flow rate iscalculated determining the engine oil filterability characteris-tics.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of aninternal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubri-cant and be retained in it.5.2 When a
22、n engine is run for a period of time and thenstored over a long period of time, the by-products of combus-tion may be retained in the oil in a liquefied state.5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form thatimpair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run.5.4 This test me
23、thod subjects the test oil and the new oil tothe same treatments such that the loss of filterability can bedetermined.5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this testmethod is known, are available.5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also betested and results reported. Two o
24、ils are available, one knownto give a low and one known to give a high data value for thistest method.NOTE 1When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oiltest results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specifi-cation will state maximum allowable loss of filterabi
25、lity (flow reduction)of the test oil as compared to the new oil.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a 25-mL burette, a filter holderwith 25-m automotive oil filter paper, and a source of 69 6 2kPa air pressure. Discs of filter paper are cut to fit the holderand installed (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 Bur
26、ette (glass or plastic), 25 mL, with polytetrafluo-roethylene (PTFE) stopcock and 1.8 6 0.1 mm burette tipopening.6.1.2 Air Regulator, capable of regulating air to a pressureof 69 6 2 kPa.6.1.3 Filter Holder, with effective filter area approximately0.8 cm2.6.1.4 Automotive Oil Filter Paper, 25 mm, (
27、25-m poros-ity).66.2 Blender, capable of 18 000 rpm 610 % without thecontainer.6.2.1 Timer, capable of timing 30 6 1s.6.3 Container, 250 mL, with blade compatible with theblender.6.4 Syringe, 1000 L.6.5 Dry Ice (solid carbon dioxide).6.6 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining70 6 1C.6.7
28、Sensors (or equivalent timing devices), capable of mea-suring sequential events to 1 s resolution.6.8 Glass Jars, 60 mL, with inert lined lids.7. Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsUse reagent grade chemicals in alltests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagentsshall conform to the sp
29、ecifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,7wheresuch specifications are available. Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7
30、.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean Specification D1193 TypeIII deionized water or water of equivalent purity.7.3 TMC Reference OilsThese are available from the TestMonitoring Center.6The sole source of supply of the automotive oil filter pape
31、r known to thecommittee at this time is The Central Parts Distributor, OH Technologies Inc., P.O.Box 5039, Mentor, OH 44061-5039. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting
32、 of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals,
33、BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., (USPC), Rockville,MD.D6795 1028. Sampling8.1 Take samples in accordance with the instructions inPractice D4057.9. Preparation of Test Oil Sample and Filter9.1 Mix 49.7 6 0.1
34、g of test oil, 0.3 6 0.05 g (0.3 6 0.05mL with the 1000-L syringe) of deionized water and approxi-mately 10 g of dry ice in the blender for 30 6 1 s at 18 000 rpm610 %. Cover the top of the container loosely to prevent oilspattering while allowing rapid vaporization of the dry ice.9.2 Transfer the s
35、ample to a 60-mL wide-mouth glass bottleand place the loosely capped (14 turn) bottle in an oven at 70.06 1.0C for 30 6 2 min. Remove from the oven, tighten capand allow to cool to room temperature (20 to 24C).9.3 Store in dark at room temperature (20 to 24C).9.4 Determine filterability 48 6 2 h aft
36、er removing thesample from the oven.9.5 Dry filters in an oven at 70 6 2C for 30 6 2 min andstore in a desiccator until used.10. Procedure10.1 Assemble apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 with filterinstalled in proper orientation (25-m smooth side up).10.2 Determine the new oil flow rate by placing a samp
37、le ofthe new oil in the burette. Pressurize the system and force atleast 10 mL of oil through the filter to saturate the filter with oiland remove any air bubbles. Disconnect the air line and fill theburette with new oil to a level 1 to 2 cm above the 0 mark.Pressurize the system to 69 6 2 kPa, open
38、 the stopcock, andmeasure the flow time for each successive 5 mL of oil betweenthe 0 and 25-mL graduations.10.3 To determine the test oil flow rate, the flow times of thenew oil are first determined in accordance with 10.2. Using thesame filter disc, filter holder, and burette, reduce the new oillev
39、el in the burette to the lowest level that allows no air bubblesbelow the stopcock. Disconnect the air line and fill the burettewith a well-mixed sample of test oil to a level 1 to 2 cm abovethe 0 mark. Pressurize the system to 69 6 2 kPa, open thestopcock, and measure the flow time for each success
40、ive 5 mLof oil between the 0 and 25-mL graduations.10.4 Run each non-reference and reference oil in duplicate;repeat Section 9 and 10.1 to 10.4 for each non-reference andeach reference oil.10.5 For TMC-monitored tests, run the TMC reference oilon the same day as the non-reference oil.NOTEFilter hold
41、er has approximate area of 0.8 cm2. It contains automotive oil filter paper (25 m porosity).FIG. 1 Apparatus to Measure Engine Oil FilterabilityD6795 10310.6 For tests not monitored by the TMC, an in-housequality assurance oil can be used in place of the TMCreference.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate th
42、e flow rate for the new oil and the test oilfor each 5-mL portion of oil using Eq 1:flow rate 5AB(1)where:A = volume of oil, andB = flow time.11.2 Calculate the percent change in flow rate of the test oilrelative to the new oil with the final oil flow rates (between 20and 25 mL measured with the sam
43、e filter disc) using Eq 2:percent change in flow rate 5E 2 DD3 100 (2)where:D = final new oil flow rate, andE = final test oil flow rate.12. TMC Reference Oil Testing12.1 Test a TMC-coded reference oil along with each batchof non-reference oil tests. Run the reference oil simultaneouslywith, and in
44、the same batch as, the non-reference oils.NOTE 2AnnexA1 discusses the involvement of theASTM TMC withrespect to the reference test-monitoring program.12.1.1 Prior to conducting a reference oil test, procure asupply of reference oils directly from the TMC. These oils havebeen formulated or selected t
45、o represent specific chemistrytypes, or performance levels, or both. Each reference oilsample is identified using a unique set of identification codeson the container labels. The coded reference samples providefor a blind reference-testing program to protect against thepossibility of bias in the res
46、ults.12.1.1.1 The testing laboratory tacitly agrees to use theTMC reference oils exclusively in accordance with the TMCspublished Policies for Use and Analysis of ASTM ReferenceOils, and to run and report the reference oil test according toTMC guidelines.NOTE 3Policies for the Use and Analysis of AS
47、TM Reference Oilsare available from the TMC.12.1.2 Request a reference oil assignment from the TMC forthis test method. The TMC will determine the specific refer-ence oil to be tested by the laboratory. Assignments will bemade by the unique identifying codes on the reference oilcontainer labels.12.1
48、.3 Run the TMC reference oil test according to the testmethod and in the same manner as the non-reference oil test(s).Run the reference oil simultaneously with, and in the samebatch as, the non-reference oils. Reference oils and non-reference oils in the same batch shall be run within the same4-h ti
49、me frame.12.1.4 Reporting of Reference Oil Test ResultsReport theresults of all reference oil tests to the TMC according to thefollowing directives:12.1.4.1 The data report forms are available from the TMCfor reporting all TMC reference oil test data to the TMC.Report only the reference oil results to the TMC. Do notinclude any non-reference test data. Complete all of therequired blank fields on the forms.12.1.4.2 Transmit reference test data to the TMC by elec-tronic means or by telephone facsimile immediately uponcompletion of the test analysis
