1、Designation: D6803 13Standard Practice forTesting and Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds(Including Carbonyl Compounds) Emitted from Paint UsingSmall Environmental Chambers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye
2、ar oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides procedures for preparing testsa
3、mples of alkyd primer, alkyd paint, latex primer, or latexpaint applied to building materials such as gypsum wallboard,wood, or engineered wood products and procedures for sam-pling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from thosetest samples. Emissions are sampled from small environmentalchambe
4、rs operated under controlled conditions.1.2 This practice describes procedures for preparation oftest specimens by application of primer or paint to commonbuilding materials. Use of the procedures described in thispractice for tests with other application methods or substratesmay affect the results
5、and not meet the criteria recommended inthe practice.1.3 This practice describes procedures for collection ofVOCs on sorbent tubes and carbonyl compounds on silica geltreated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) that requireanalytical methods for measurement of individual organiccompound concentra
6、tions. This practice does not describe thedetailed procedures of analytical methods, but refers to pub-lished methods for these analyses.1.4 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam-pling VOCs emitted from paint under controlled conditions.The test conditions, when combined with analyt
7、ical data, canbe used to calculate emission rates. This practice does notrecommend a method for the calculations.1.5 Values stated in the International System of Units (SI)are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated w
8、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, andApplic
9、ationsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-gani
10、c Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-sorption Method)D3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound VaporsCollected by the Activated Charcoal Tube AdsorptionMethodD5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD5197 Test
11、 Method for Determination of Formaldehyde andOther Carbonyl Compounds inAir (Active Sampler Meth-odology)D5466 Test Method for Determination of Volatile OrganicChemicals in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling Methodol-ogy)D6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, andThermal Desorption Analysis
12、Procedures for Volatile Or-ganic Compounds in AirD6345 Guide for Selection of Methods for Active, Integra-tive Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in AirD6886 Test Method for Determination of the IndividualVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air-Dry Coatingsby Gas ChromatographyE355 Practice for
13、 Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-ships1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous editi
14、on approved in 2007 as D6803 - 02(2007).DOI: 10.1520/D6803-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
15、.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Other Referenced Document:3Compendium of Methods for the Determination of ToxicOrganic Compounds in Ambient Air, Compendium Meth-ods TO-15 and TO-17, EPA/625/R-96-010b, January1999,
16、 (NTIS No. PB99-172355)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions and terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology D1356, Terminology D16, andPractice E355. For definitions and terms related to test methodsusing small-scale environmental chambers, refer to GuideD5116.3.2 Definitions of Terms S
17、pecific to This Standard:3.2.1 alkyd paintalso referred to as oil paint, it is a paintthat contains drying oil or oil varnish as the basic vehicleingredient.3.2.2 chamber loading (m2/m3)the exposed surface areaof the test specimen coated with paint divided by the testchamber volume.3.2.3 clean airai
18、r that does not contain any individualVOC at a concentration in excess of 2 g/m3and does notcontain greater than 10 g/m3for the sum of the VOCsmeasurable in the sample. The air should be conditioned toremove particulates and ozone.3.2.4 environmental enclosurea temperature controlledenclosure of suf
19、ficient size to contain the test chamber(s) andallow adequate access to it to conduct the testing.3.2.5 latex painta paint containing a stable aqueous dis-persion of synthetic resin, produced by emulsionpolymerization, as the principal constituent of the binder.Modifying resins may be present.3.2.6
20、primerthe first of two or more coats of a paint.3.2.7 spreading ratethe area covered by a unit volume ofcoating material (for example, square metres per litre orcm2/mL). It may also be referred to as coverage or coveragerate on paint container labels.3.2.8 test specimena specimen of the paint applie
21、d to asubstrate such as gypsum wallboard, wood, or engineeredwood products.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes procedures for testing and sam-pling emissions of VOCs, including formaldehyde and othercarbonyl compounds, from paint applied to building materialssuch as gypsum wallboard, w
22、ood, and engineered woodproducts. Emissions tests are conducted using small environ-mental chambers operated in a dynamic mode with continuousflow of humidified VOC-free air through the chambers. Theenvironmental chambers are operated at designated conditionsof airflow rate, temperature, and relativ
23、e humidity. The VOCsin the emissions are sampled by adsorption on an appropriatesingle, or multiple sorbent media that can be analyzed bythermal desorption and combined gas chromatography/massspectrometry (GC/MS) or GC/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). Other VOC sampling methods such as the colle
24、ction ofwhole air samples in passivated canisters by Test MethodD5466 may offer advantages for some applications. Refer toGuide D6345 for a discussion of the relative merits of differentmethods of active, integrative VOC sampling. Formaldehydeand other carbonyl compounds are collected on silica gelc
25、oated with DNPH reagent that can be analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC).4.2 This practice describes the procedures for handling andstorage of paint, setup of small test chambers, preparation oftest specimens, chamber performance tests, sampling andreporting.5. Significance and U
26、se5.1 Latex and alkyd paints are used as coatings for walls,wooden trim, and furnishings in occupied buildings. Paint maybe applied to large surface areas and may be applied repeatedlyduring the lifetime of a building. VOCs are emitted from paintafter application to surfaces.5.2 There is a need for
27、data on emissions from paint. Thedata can be used to compare emissions from different products.The data may be used to assist manufacturers in reducing oreliminating VOC emissions from their products. The data maybe used to predict concentrations of VOCs in a room orbuilding when used with appropria
28、te indoor air quality models.5.3 Standard test practices and procedures are needed forthe comparison of emissions data from different laboratories.6. Apparatus6.1 This practice requires the use of an environmentalchamber testing facility and air sample collection systems.6.2 Environmental Chamber Te
29、sting Facility, consisting of atest chamber, a controlled-temperature environmentalenclosure, a system for supplying clean and conditioned air tothe chamber, and fittings and manifolds on the chamber outletfor collection of air samples. All materials and components incontact with the test specimen o
30、r air prior to sample collectionshould be chemically inert and accessible for cleaning. Suitablematerials include stainless steel and glass. All gaskets andflexible components should be made from chemically inertmaterials. General guidance for design, construction,configuration, and validation of a
31、test chamber facility isprovided in Guide D5116.6.2.1 Test Chamber, constructed of inert materials of suffi-cient size to hold the test specimen. Small test chambers mayrange in size from a few litres to 5 m3. Procedures recom-mended in this practice have been evaluated using test cham-bers with a v
32、olume of 0.053 m3. This volume is used in thepractice for discussion and illustrative purposes. Chambers ofdifferent size and shape may be used if the standard testchamber conditions can be maintained and chamber perfor-mance can be demonstrated. The chamber should be equippedwith an opening large e
33、nough for loading the test specimen andfor cleaning the chamber. The chamber will be equipped witha port to supply air to the chamber, an air outlet from thechamber, and ports for temperature and relative humidity3U.S. EPA, Center for Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, OH,website http:/
34、www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/airtox.html).D6803 132probes. The chamber may be equipped with a fan to promotemixing in the chamber and to achieve the desired air velocityacross the surface of the test specimen. The performance of thechamber should be evaluated prior to use to determine air-tightness, surfac
35、e adsorption effects, air mixing, and air veloc-ity at the surface of the substrate. Some of the chamberperformance (that is, air mixing and air velocity) should beevaluated with an uncoated test substrate in place. The chamberperformance should be tested and demonstrated following theguidelines pre
36、sented in Guide D5116.6.2.2 Environmental Enclosure, of sufficient size to accom-modate the test chamber and capable of maintaining the desiredtemperature within 0.5C.6.2.3 Clean Air Supply System, capable of supplying acontrolled flow of clean, humidified air into the test chamber,as described in G
37、uide D5116. The system should incorporatehardware for removing particles, ozone, and VOCs from the airsupplied to the chamber(s). Concentrations of VOCs andaldehydes measured at the chamber inlet should not exceed 2g/m3for any single compound or 10 g/m3for the sum of allmeasurable VOCs in the sample
38、. The relative humidity (RH) ofthe air supplied to the chamber(s) should be controlled to thedesired set point within 65 % RH. The flow rate of the airsupplied to the chamber should be controlled within 65%ofthe set-point airflow rate. Ideally, the chamber system will bedesigned such that a positive
39、 pressurization of the chamber ofapproximately 10 Pa relative to the environmental enclosurewill be maintained and monitored at all times during the test.6.2.4 Environmental Measurement System, consisting ofhardware and software to measure and record the temperature,RH, and airflow rates during oper
40、ation of the test system. Asystem for continuous recording of the data is recommended.6.3 Air Sampling Systems, consisting of sorbent tubes andDNPH-silica gel cartridges, a sampling manifold, vacuumpumps, and airflow controllers/meters. Airflow controllersshould control the airflow rate through the
41、sampling system towithin 5 % of the specified value. All system componentsbetween the chamber and the sampling media should beconstructed of chemically inert materials.6.3.1 A glass or stainless steel manifold should be con-nected to the outlet of the chamber for collection of airsamples. The manifo
42、ld should be designed for collection ofmultiple samples simultaneously. The exhaust from the mani-fold should be vented into a laboratory fume hood or otherappropriate exhaust device to prevent contamination of the airin the laboratory or environmental enclosure.6.3.2 Vacuum pumps should be used to
43、draw air through thesorbent tubes. The required airflow rate is a function of the typeof sampler used, the size of the chamber, and the air changerate. The total airflow rate through the samplers generallyshould not exceed 50 % of the flow rate from the chamberoutlet. For collection of VOCs on sorbe
44、nt tubes, the pumpshould be capable of maintaining a constant flow in the rangeof 10 to 200 mL/min. For collection of air samples onDNPH-silica gel cartridges, the pump should be capable ofmaintaining a constant flow in the range of 100 to 500 mL/min.6.3.3 For collection of VOCs during the emissions
45、 test,tubes containing single or multiple sorbents may be used. Thesorbents may be porous polymers or graphitized carbon blacks.Select an appropriate single or multi-layered sorbent tubefollowing the procedures in Practice D6196, Guide D6345, andEPA Method TO-17. Recommendations on the use of sorben
46、ttubes from manufacturers or suppliers should be followed inselecting the sampling airflow rate and sampling period toavoid breakthrough of VOCs through the sorbent tube. Therequired air sampling volume at each collection time pointshould be determined through consideration of the safe sam-pling vol
47、ume (SSV, see Practice D6196) of the VOC with thelowest retention volume, concentrations to be measured, anddetection limits of the analytical method.6.3.4 For collection of VOCs during the first 10 to 20 hfollowing application of alkyd primer or paint, charcoal sor-bents (Practice D3686) may be use
48、d due to the high concen-trations of VOCs in the chamber air.6.3.5 For collection of formaldehyde and other carbonylcompounds, DNPH-silica gel cartridges should be used follow-ing the Test Method D5197.6.3.6 An airflow meter/controller should be used to controland measure the airflow rate during sam
49、ple collection. Thecontroller may consist of a precision flow control valve, acritical orifice, or a mass flow controller. The measurementdevice may consist of soap film bubble meter, calibrated highprecision rotameter, or mass flow meter. A mass flow meter/controller is recommended for use during sample collection.All flow measurements should be referenced to standardtemperature and pressure.7. Procedures for Paint Selection, Handling, and Storage7.1 Procedures for selection of the paint to be tested are afunction of the objectives of the tests. Paint may be procuredfr
