1、Designation: D 6813 02aAn American National StandardStandard Guide forPerformance Evaluation of Hydraulic Fluids for PistonPumps1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6813; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes test protocols and methodologiesfor determining the suitability of fluids fo
3、r use in fluid powersystems that incorporate axial or radial piston pumps. Thesuitability of all fluid types to meet specific levels of perfor-mance in piston pumps is addressed. These fluids include, butare not limited to formulations based on mineral, synthetic orvegetable oil base stocks. The fin
4、ished fluids may be in theform of straight oils, soluble oils or invert emulsions.1.2 The test protocols and methodologies described in thisguide have been selected for their ability to distinguishbetween highly acceptable, acceptable and unacceptable fluidperformance in piston pumps. They take into
5、 account the broadrange of operating conditions piston pumps are subjected to, aswell as the common variations in design and materials ofconstruction among pump manufacturers.1.3 This guide is intended to complement proprietary testprotocols and methodologies employed by some piston pumpmanufacturer
6、s. The test protocols and methodologies withinthis guide may help pump manufacturers, fluid formulators andend users accurately screen potential fluids for specific perfor-mance characteristics. The results of this screening may besufficient in certain instances for pump manufacturers to foregorequi
7、rements for additional fluid performance tests.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regu
8、latory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup2D 93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup Tester2D 95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by Distillation2D 9
9、7 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products2D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion fromPetroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test2D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids2D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products2D 611 Test Metho
10、ds for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents2D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Titration2D 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water2D 874 Test Method for S
11、ulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand Additives2D 877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes3D 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating Oils2D 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-ited Mineral Oils2D 974 Test Method
12、 for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration2D 1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of EngineCoolants and Antirusts4D 1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent Method4D 1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) ofElectrical Insul
13、ating Liquids3D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method2D 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of PetroleumOils and Synthetic Fluids2D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-uc
14、ts (ASTM Color Scale)2D 1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids byCoulometric Karl Fischer Titration31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.N0.07on Lubricating Properties.Current ed
15、ition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 681302.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
16、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 2070 Test Method for Thermal Stability of HydraulicOils2D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 and 100C2D 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-bine Oils by Rotating
17、Pressure Vessel2D 2273 Test Method for Trace Sediment in LubricatingOils2D 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants byViscosity System2D 2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of HydraulicFluids (Beverage Bottle Method)2D 2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-tion and Di
18、stillate Fuels2D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids2D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids andSolids2D 2783 Test Method for Extreme-Pressure Properties ofLubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)2D 2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Rela-tionship and Initial Decom
19、position Temperature of Liquidsby Isoteniscope2D 2882 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics ofPetroleum and Non-Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in Con-stant Volume Vane Pump2D 2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity ofAutomotive Fluid Lubricants Measured by BrookfieldViscometer2D 3427 Te
20、st Method for Air Release Properties of Petro-leum Oils5D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density Meter5D 4172 Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics ofLubricating Fluid (Four-Ball Method)5D 4293 Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids forTurbin
21、e Lubrication5D 4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision Meter5D 4310 Test Method for Determination of the Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils5D 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing LoadCapacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)5D 5185
22、Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)5D 5534 Test Method for Vapor-Phase Rust-PreventingCharacteristics of Hyd
23、raulic Fluids6D 5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of HydraulicFluid6D 6006 Guide for Assessing Biodegradability of HydraulicFluids6D 6046 Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmen-tal Impact6D 6080 Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristicsof Hydraulic Fluids6D 6158 Specifi
24、cation for Mineral Hydraulic Oils6D 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration6D 6376 Test Method for Determination of Trace Metals inPetroleum Coke by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluo-rescence Spectrosco
25、py7D 6546 Test Methods for and Suggested Limits for Deter-mining Compatibility of Elastomer Seals for IndustrialHydraulic Fluid Applications7D 6547 Test Method for Corrosiveness of a LubricatingFluid to a Bimetallic Couple7D 6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals andContaminants in Used L
26、ubricating Oils or Used HydraulicFluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spec-trometry7E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass Electrode4E 203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitration4E 659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of LiquidChemicals8F
27、 312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and CountingParticles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters82.2 AFNOR Standards:9AFNOR NF E48-690 Hydraulic Fluid Power. Fluids. Mea-surement of Filterability of Mineral OilsAFNOR NF E48-691 Hydraulic Fluid Power. Fluids. Mea-surement of Filterability o
28、f Minerals Oils in the Presenceof WaterAFNOR NF E48-692 Hydraulic Fluid Power. Fluids. Mea-surement of Filterability of HFC and HFD Class FireResistant Fluids2.3 ANSI (NFPA) Standards:10ANSI/(NFPA) Standard T2.13.7R1-1996 Hydraulic FluidPowerPetroleum FluidsPrediction of Bulk ModuliANSI/Standard NFP
29、A/JIC T2.24.1-1990 Hydraulic FluidPowerSystems Standard for Stationary Industrial Ma-chineryANSI/(NFPA) Standard T3.9.20-1992 Hydraulic FluidPowerPumpsMethod of Testing and Presenting BasicPerformance Data for Pressure Compensated PumpsANSI/(NFPA) Standard T3.9.33-1997 Hydraulic FluidPowerPumpsMetho
30、d of Testing and Presenting BasicPerformance Data for Load Sensing PumpsANSI/(NFPA) Standard T3.16.2-R1-1997 Hydraulic FluidPowerDesign for Nonintegral Industrial Reservoirs2.4 CETOP Standard:5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.7Annual Book of ASTM Sta
31、ndards, Vol 05.04.8Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.9Available from AFNOR, Administration des Ventes, 11, avenue Francis dePressensi, 93571 Saint-Denis La Plaine Cedex.10Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.D 6813 02a2CETOP
32、 RP 67H Antiwear Vane Pump Test for HydraulicFluids112.5 DIN Standards:12DIN 51348 Testing of Fire Resistant Governor Fluids;Determination of Hydrolytic StabilityDIN 51373 Testing of Fire Resistant Governor Fluids;Determination of Oxidative Stability Including Evaluationof Catalyst PlatesDIN 51389/2
33、 Determination of Lubricants; MechanicalTesting of Hydraulic Fluids in the Vane-Cell-Pump;Method A for Anhydrous Hydraulic FluidsDIN 51389/3 Determination of Lubricants; MechanicalTesting of Hydraulic Fluids in the Vane-Cell-PumpPart3: Method B for Aqueous Not Easily Inflammable Hy-draulic FluidsDIN
34、 51515, Part 1 Lubricants and Governor Fluids forSteam Turbines; L-TD Lubricating Oils and GovernorOils; Minimum RequirementsDIN 51554, Part 3 Testing of Mineral Oils; Test of Suscep-tibility to Aging According to Baader; Testing at 95C2.6 British Standard:13IP 281 Determination of Anti-Wear Propert
35、ies of HydraulicFluidsVane Pump Method2.7 ISO Standards:14ISO 4021 Hydraulic Fluid PowerParticulate Contamina-tion AnalysisExtraction of Fluid Samples From Lines ofan Operating SystemISO 4402 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration ofAutomatic-Count Instruments for Particles Suspended inLiquidsMethod Using
36、 Classified AC Fine Test DustContaminantISO 4404 Petroleum and Related ProductsDeterminationof the Corrosion Resistance of Water-Containing Fire-Resistant Fluids for Hydraulic SystemsISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod forCoding The Level of Contamination by Solid ParticlesISO 4407 Hydraulic
37、Fluid PowerFluid ContaminationDetermination of Particulate Contamination by the Count-ing Method Using a MicroscopeISO 5884 AerospaceFluid Systems and ComponentsMethods for System Sampling and Measuring the SolidParticle Contamination of Hydraulic FluidsISO 6073 Petroleum ProductsPrediction of the B
38、ulkModuli of Petroleum Fluids Used in Hydraulic PowerSystemsISO 6743/4 Part 4: Family H (Hydraulic Systems), Lubri-cants, Industrial Oils and Related Products (Class L) :Classification Part 4: Family H (Hydraulic Systems)ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid PowerCalibration of Auto-matic Particle Counters for
39、LiquidsISO 12922 Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products(Class L)Family H (Hydraulic Systems)Specifications for Categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC,HFDR and HFDUISO 13357-2 Part 2: Petroleum ProductsDetermination ofthe Filterability of Lubricating OilsPart 2: Procedure forDry OilsISO 14935 Petr
40、oleum and Related ProductsDetermination of Wick Flame Persistence of Fire-Resistant FluidsISO 15029 Petroleum and Related ProductsDetermination of Spray Ignition Characteristics of Fire-Resistant FluidsPart I: Spray Flame PersistenceHollow Cone Nozzle Method2.8 LUX Standard:15LUX 5.9 Determination o
41、f the Corrosion Inhibiting Proper-ties of Fluids, Requirements for Tests Applicable toFire-Resistant Fluids Used for Power Transmission andControl (Hydrostatic and Hydrokinetic), April, 19942.9 SAE Standards:16SAE J745 Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice, Hydrau-lic Power Pump Test ProcedureSAE J12
42、76 MAR86 Standardized Fluid for Hydraulic Com-ponent Tests3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abrasive wearwear due to hard particles, includingwear debris or fluid contaminants, or hard protuberances forcedagainst and moving along a hard surface.3.1.2 axial piston
43、 pumpin the axial piston pump, thepistons are positioned axially, parallel to the driveshaft, andtheir reciprocating motion is caused by an inclined swash plateas illustrated in Fig. 1.3.1.3 bent axis piston pumpin the bent axis piston pump,the axis of the cylinder barrel is held at a fixed angle re
44、lativeto the centerline of the driveshaft as illustrated in Fig. 2.3.1.4 biodegradablecapable of undergoing decomposi-tion into carbon dioxide, methane, water, inorganic com-pounds, or biomass in which the predominant mechanism is theenzymatic action of microorganisms that can be measured bystandard
45、ized tests, in a specific period of time, reflectingavailable disposal conditions.3.1.5 biomassany material, excluding fossil fuels, whichis or was a living organism that can be used as a fuel. Peanuthulls, agricultural waste, corn and other grains, and sugar areall examples of biomass.3.1.6 case dr
46、ainageleakage from around piston clear-ances and control valves to the case drain port in the pumphousing which returns fluid to the reservoir.11Per the CETOP website, this standard is no longer available for purchase andis officially withdrawn. Most CETOP technical documents have been replaced byIS
47、O standards over the years (a cross-reference list is available from CETOP). Thisstandard will be retained pending completion of work in CEN/TC19/WG28.12Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN- DIN Deutsches Institut furNormung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.13Available from Instit
48、ute of Petroleum (IP), 61 New Cavendish St., London,WIG 7AR, U.K.14Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.15Available from European Safety and Health Commission for the Mining andOther Extractive Industrie
49、s, Doc. No. 4746/10/91, EN, Luxembourg.16Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.D 6813 02a33.1.7 cycled volumecycled volume testing subjects a hy-draulic pump or component to repeated pulses of volume flowfrom a predetermined minimum to a maximum flow at aconstant pressure.3.1.8 deliverythe flow output per unit time expressed inlitres per minute (L/min) or in gallons per minute (gal/min).3.1.9 displacement (geometrical)the volume of hydraulicfluid that is transported through the h
