1、Designation: D6817 13D6817/D6817M 13aStandard Specification forRigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6817;D6817/D6817M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the types, physical properties and dimensions of rigid cellular polystyrene intended for use
3、asgeofoam.1.2 This specification does not cover the layout, placement and workmanship for proper installation and performance of rigidcellular polystyrene geofoam.1.3 Rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification may need protection from certain chemicals, environmentalexposure, a
4、nd concentrated loads. Additional design considerations may include thermal conductivity and buoyancy. Guidelinesregarding these end use considerations are included in Appendix X1.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values state
5、d in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its us
6、e. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal InsulationsC
7、203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Properties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation LotsC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polysty
8、rene Thermal InsulationD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics(Oxygen Index)D4439 Terminology
9、 for GeosyntheticsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology D4439.3.1.2 geo
10、foamblock or planar rigid cellular foam polymeric material used in geotechnical engineering applications.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 EPS, XXnumber designation for expanded polystyrene geofoam Type(s)type(s) having a minimum density of XX kg/m3(lb/ftlb/ft3).1 This specifi
11、cation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability andFiltration.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2013May 1, 2013. Published March 2013May 2013. Originally published approved in 2002. Last previous edition
12、published 2011approved in 2013 as D681711.13. DOI: 10.1520/D6817-13.10.1520/D6817_D6817M-13A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document S
13、ummary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recomme
14、nds that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.2 XPS, XXnum
15、ber designation for extruded polystyrene geofoam Type(s)type(s) having a minimum density of XX kg/m3(lb/ftlb/ft3).3.2.3 RCPSletter designation for EPS and XPS rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 Acquisition documents shall specify the following
16、:4.1.1 Title, number and year of this specification.4.1.2 Type, as per Table 1, or minimum density required.4.1.3 Total product volume required of each Type,type, or minimum density.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 RCPS geofoam shall be formed by the expansion of polystyrene resin beads or granules i
17、n a molding process (EPS) or bythe expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusion process (XPS). RCPS geofoam may be manufactured with reprocessedpolystyrene foam (regrind).5.2 RCPS geofoam shall be of uniform density and have essentially closed cells. RCPS geofoam is an organic material and is
18、considered combustible. It should not be exposed to flames or other ignition sources.6. Qualification Requirements6.1 The physical properties listed in Table 1 constitute the minimum product qualification requirements for commonlymanufactured types of RCPS geofoam. The compressive resistance at 1% 1
19、 % strain is typically within the elastic limit of thegeofoam product Typestypes in TableTable 1 1 and is accepted as designthe compressive resistance to limit long-term deformationunder structural load.6.2 RCPS Geofoam TypesIt is the users responsibility to specify the required Typetype as in Table
20、 1 and to obtain supportingdocumentation regarding physical properties from the material supplier.TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamAcolwidth=“0.42in“ colwidth=“0.41in“ colwidth=“0.41in“ colwidth=“0.43in“ colwidth=“0.41in“ colwidth=“0.41in“colwidth=“0.43in“ colwidth=“0.40in“ colw
21、idth=“0.41in“ colwidth=“0.40in“ colwidth=“0.42in“ colwidth=“0.43in“colwidth=“0.42in“Type EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg/m3 (lb/ft3)11.2(0.70)14.4(0.90)18.4(1.15)21.6(1.35)28.8(1.80)38.4(2.40)45.7(2.85)19.2(1.20)20.8(1.30)25.6(1.60)28.8(1
22、.80)35.2(2.20)48.0(3.00)CompressiveResistance,min., kPa (psi)at 1 % strain15(2.2)25(3.6)40(5.8)50(7.3)75(10.9)103(15.0)128(18.6)20(2.9)35(5.1)75(10.9)105(15.2)160(23.2)280(40.6)FlexuralStrength, min.,kPa (psi)69(10.0)172(25.0)207(30.0)240(35)345(50.0)414(60.0)517(75.0)276(40.0)276(40.0)345(50.0)414(
23、60.0)517(75.0)689(100.0)Oxygen index,min.,volume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamAType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg/m3 lb/ft311.20.7014.40.9018.41.1
24、521.61.3528.81.8038.42.4045.72.8519.21.2020.81.3025.61.6028.81.8035.22.2048.03.00CompressiveResistance,min., kPa psiat 1 % strain152.2253.6405.8507.37510.910315.012818.6202.9355.17510.910515.216023.228040.6FlexuralStrength, min.,kPapsi6910.017225.020730.02403534550.041460.051775.027640.027640.034550
25、.041460.051775.0689100.0Oxygen index,min.,volume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0AFor products that have an external skin, testing shall be undertaken with skins intact.D6817/D6817M 13a26.3 The compressive resistance properties in Table 2 are provided for application
26、s where compressive resistance requirementsfor intended end-use applications are beyond the elastic limit of geofoam.NOTE 1The application of sustained load to geofoam beyond the elastic limit will result in significant deflections beyond the values provided in Table2.6.4 Combustibility Requirements
27、All RCPS geofoam shall contain sufficient flame retardants to meet a minimum OxygenIndex as required in Table 1.6.5 CuringUnless otherwise specified in the contract, RCPS geofoam shall be cured for a minimum of 24 h before deliveryand inspection.7. Availability and Dimensional Tolerance7.1 Availabil
28、ityThe RCPS geofoam materials covered by this specification are commonly available in the size range shownin Table 3. Specific RCPS geofoam block dimensions vary by manufacturer equipment characteristics.7.2 Dimensional ToleranceUnless otherwise specified, the acceptable length, width, thickness, fl
29、atness and squarenesstolerance criteria on RCPS geofoam shall not exceed 6 0.5 %.60.5 %.8. Damage and Degradation8.1 DamageRCPS geofoam as delivered to the project site shall have no defects that will adversely affect its service andworkability qualities. Material units that manifest unacceptable su
30、rface or volumetric damage shall be replaced.8.1.1 Surface DamageDamage to load bearing RCPS geofoam surfaces shall be limited to less than 20 % of the equivalentload bearing area of the unit.8.1.2 Volume DamageVolumetric damage of RCPS geofoam shall be limited to less than 1 % of the volume of a si
31、ngle unit.8.1.3 UV (Ultra-Violet) DegradationDiscoloration and dusting of RCPS geofoam caused by the extensive exposure tosunlight is a defect that will adversely affect its service and is grounds for rejection. Refer to X1.6.9. Inspection9.1 SamplingUnless otherwise specified in the purchase order
32、or contract, the material shall be sampled for inspection inaccordance with CriteriaPractice C390.9.2 WeightDetermine the weight of selected full size units in accordance with Test Method D1622, or as specified.9.3 DimensionsVerify specified dimensions and tolerances, as prescribed in Test Method D1
33、622 and 7.2 of this specification.9.4 DensityCompute the density of test samples in accordance with Test Method D1622.10. Acceptance or Rejection10.1 Material that fails to conform to this specification shall be rejected promptly in writing. The manufacturer or supplier shallhave the right to re-ins
34、pect the rejected shipment and resubmit selected units for acceptance under tightened inspection.11. Certification11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract, the manufacturer or supplier shall furnish third partycertification that representative material has either been tested
35、 or inspected as directed in the specification and the requirementshave been met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.TABLE 2 Additional Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamA,BType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20
36、 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg/m3 (lb/ft3)11.2(0.70)14.4(0.90)18.4(1.15)21.6(1.35)28.8(1.80)38.4(2.40)45.7(2.85)19.2(1.20)20.8(1.30)25.6(1.60)28.8(1.80)35.2(2.20)48.0(3.00)CompressiveResistance,min., kPa (psi)at 5 % strain35(5.1)55(8.0)90(13.1)115(16.7)170(24.7)241(35.0)300(43.5)85(1
37、2.3)110(16.0)185(26.8)235(34.1)335(48.6)535(77.6)CompressiveResistance,min., kPa (psi)at 10 % strainA40(5.8)70(10.2)110(16.0)135(19.6)200(29.0)276(40.0)345(50)104(15.0)104(15.0)173(25.0)276(40.0)414(60.0)690(100.0)A The average of the laboratories calculated averages.D6817/D6817M 13a312. Product Mar
38、king12.1 The following shall be marked on each whole unit of product:12.1.1 Manufacturers Identification,12.1.2 Date of Manufacture,12.1.3 Type, (See Table 1), and12.1.4 Weight, or Density.13. Test Methods13.1 Conditioning:13.1.1 Samples shall be conditioned at a standard laboratory temperature of 2
39、362C 73.464F for a minimum of 24 h priorto the start of tests.13.2 Dimensions and DensityTest in accordance with Test Method C303 or Test Method D1622.13.3 Compressive ResistanceTest in accordance with Test Method C165 or Test Method D1621 using 50 mm (2 in.)2 in.cubes. The rate of cross-head moveme
40、nt shall be 5.0 6 0.5 mm/min (0.20.2 6 0.02 in/min)in./min equivalent to 10 % strain perminute.13.4 Flexural StrengthTest in accordance with Test Method C203.13.5 Oxygen IndexTest in accordance with Test Method D2863.14. Precision and Bias314.1 The precision of this test method is based on an interl
41、aboratory study of 13.213.3 of Specification D6817, StandardSpecification for Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam, conducted in 2011. A total of seven laboratories participated in this study,testing three materials at 1%, 5%, and 10% 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % compressive resistance. Each “test result” repor
42、ted represents anindividual determination, and all participants were asked to report five test results for each area tested. Practice E691 was followedfor the design and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTM Research Report No. RR: D35-1014.14.1.1 Repeatability limit (r)Two test result
43、s obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ bymore than the “r” value for that material; “r” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on the same day i
44、n the same laboratory.14.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 4-6.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1014.TABLE 3 Common Manufactured Dimensions of RCPS GeofoamDimension, mm(in.) All EPS Types All X
45、PS TypesWidth 305 to 1219 (12 to 48) 406 to 1219 (16 to 48)Length 1219 to 4877 (48 to192)1219 to 2743 (48 to108)Thickness 25 to 1219 (1 to 48) 25 to 102 (1 to 4)A For products that have an external skin, testing shall be undertaken with skinsintact.D6817/D6817M 13a414.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)Tw
46、o test results shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value forthat material; “R” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material, obtained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different laboratories.14.1.2
47、.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 4-6.14.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.14.1.4 Any judgment made in accordance with statements 14.1.1 and 14.1.2 would have an approximate 95% 95 % probabilityof being correct.14.
48、2 BiasAs there were no available standard reference materials at the time of this study, bias cannot be determined.14.3 The precision statement was determined through statistical examination of 315 test results, submitted by sevenlaboratories, recording compressive resistance measurements of three m
49、aterials.14.3.1 The three materials were all described as expanded polystyrene.14.4 To judge the equivalency of two test results, it is recommended to choose the material that is closest in characteristics tothe test material.15. Keywords15.1 block; board; cellular polystyrene; EPS; expanded polystyrene; extruded polystyrene; foam plastic; geofoam; RCPS;reprocessed; rigid cellular polystyrene; XPSTABLE 4 1% 1 % Compressive Resistance (units)Material Aver
