1、Designation: D6817 11D6817 13Standard Specification forRigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6817; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the types, physical properties and dimensions of rigid cellular polystyrene intended for use asgeofoam.1.2 This sp
3、ecification does not cover the layout, placement and workmanship for proper installation and performance of rigidcellular polystyrene geofoam.1.3 Rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification may need protection from certain chemicals, environmentalexposure, and concentrated loads
4、. Additional design considerations may include thermal conductivity and buoyancy. Guidelinesregarding these end use considerations are included in Appendix X1.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the use
5、r of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal InsulationsC203 Test Methods for Breaking Load an
6、d Flexural Properties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation LotsC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal InsulationD1621 Test Met
7、hod for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics(Oxygen Index)E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias
8、in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology D4439.3.1.2 geofoamblock or planar rigid cellular foam polymeric material used in geote
9、chnical engineering applications.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 EPS, XXnumber designation for expanded polystyrene geofoam Type(s) having a minimum density of XX kg/m3(lb/ft3).3.2.2 XPS, XXnumber designation for extruded polystyrene geofoam Type(s) having a minimum density
10、of XX kg/m3 (lb/ft3).3.2.3 RCPSletter designation for EPS and XPS rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability andFiltrati
11、on.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Feb. 15, 2013. Published October 2011March 2013. Originally published 2002. Last previous edition published 20072011 asD681707.11. DOI: 10.1520/D6817-11.10.1520/D6817-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Custom
12、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the
13、previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright AST
14、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Ordering Information4.1 Acquisition documents shall specify the following:4.1.1 Title, number and year of this specification.4.1.2 Type, as per Table 1, or minimum density required.4.1.3 Total pro
15、duct volume required of each Type, or minimum density.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 RCPS geofoam shall be formed by the expansion of polystyrene resin beads or granules in a molding process (EPS) or bythe expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusion process (XPS). RCPS geofoam may be manufa
16、ctured with reprocessedpolystyrene foam (regrind).TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamA ,BType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29Density, min.,kg/m3 (lb/ft 3)11.2(0.70)14.4(0.90)18.4(1.15)21.6(1.35)28.8(1.80)38.4(2.40)45.7(2.85)19.2(1.20)20.8(1.30)25.
17、6(1.60)28.8(1.80)CompressiveResistance,min.,kPa (psi)at 1 %15(2.2)25(3.6)40(5.8)50(7.3)75(10.9)103(15.0)128(18.6)20(2.9)35(5.1)75(10.9)105(15.2)CompressiveResistance,min.,kPa (psi) at5 %35 (5.1) 55 (8.0) 90 (13.1) 115 (16.7) 170 (24.7) 241 (35.0) 300 (43.5) 85 (12.3) 110 (16.0) 185 (26.8) 235 (34.1)
18、CompressiveResistance,min.,kPa (psi) at10 %A40 (5.8) 70 (10.2) 110 (16.0) 135 (19.6) 200 (29.0) 276 (40.0) 345 (50) 104 (15.0) 104 (15.0) 173 (25.0) 276 (40.0)FlexuralStrength, min.,kPa (psi)69(10.0)172(25.0)207(30.0)240(35)345(50.0)414(60.0)517(75.0)276(40.0)276(40.0)345(50.0)414(60.0)Oxygen index,
19、min.,volume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamAType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg/m3 (lb/ft 3)11.2(0.70)14.4(0.90)18.4(1.15)21.6(1.35)28.8(1.80)38.4(2.40)45.7(2.
20、85)19.2(1.20)20.8(1.30)25.6(1.60)28.8(1.80)35.2(2.20)48.0(3.00)CompressiveResistance,min., kPa(psi)at 1 % strain15(2.2)25(3.6)40(5.8)50(7.3)75(10.9)103(15.0)128(18.6)20(2.9)35(5.1)75(10.9)105(15.2)160(23.2)280(40.6)FlexuralStrength, min.,kPa (psi)69(10.0)172(25.0)207(30.0)240(35)345(50.0)414(60.0)51
21、7(75.0)276(40.0)276(40.0)345(50.0)414(60.0)517(75.0)689(100.0)Oxygen index,min.,volume %24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0AIf yield occurs prior to 10% deformation, report compressive resistance and deformation at yield in addition to the compressive resistance at 1%, 5
22、% and 10% deformation.AFor products that have an external skin, testing shall be undertaken with skins intact.D6817 1325.2 RCPS geofoam shall be of uniform density and have essentially closed cells. RCPS geofoam is an organic material and isconsidered combustible. It should not be exposed to flames
23、or other ignition sources.6. Qualification Requirements6.1 The physical properties listed in Table 1 constitute the minimum product qualification requirements for commonlymanufactured types of RCPS geofoam. The compressive resistance at 1% strain is within the elastic limit of the geofoam productTyp
24、es in Table 1 and is accepted as design compressive resistance to limit long-term deformation under structural load.6.2 RCPS Geofoam TypesIt is the users responsibility to specify the required Type as in Table 1 and to obtain supportingdocumentation regarding physical properties from the material su
25、pplier.6.3 The compressive resistance properties in Table 2 are provided for applications where compressive resistance requirementsfor intended end-use applications are beyond the elastic limit of geofoam.NOTE 1The application of sustained load to geofoam beyond the elastic limit will result in sign
26、ificant deflections beyond the values provided in Table2.6.4 Combustibility RequirementsAll RCPS geofoam shall contain sufficient flame retardants to meet a minimum OxygenIndex as required in Table 1.6.5 CuringUnless otherwise specified in the contract, RCPS geofoam shall be cured for a minimum of 2
27、4 h before deliveryand inspection.7. Availability and Dimensional Tolerance7.1 AvailabilityThe RCPS geofoam materials covered by this specification are commonly available in the size range shownin Table 23. Specific RCPS geofoam block dimensions vary by manufacturer equipment characteristics.7.2 Dim
28、ensional ToleranceUnless otherwise specified, the acceptable length, width, thickness, flatness and squarenesstolerance criteria on RCPS geofoam shall not exceed 6 0.5 %.8. Damage and Degradation8.1 DamageRCPS geofoam as delivered to the project site shall have no defects that will adversely affect
29、its service andworkability qualities. Material units that manifest unacceptable surface or volumetric damage shall be replaced.8.1.1 Surface DamageDamage to load bearing RCPS geofoam surfaces shall be limited to less than 20 % of the equivalentload bearing area of the unit.8.1.2 Volume DamageVolumet
30、ric damage of RCPS geofoam shall be limited to less than 1 % of the volume of a single unit.8.1.3 UV (Ultra-Violet) DegradationDiscoloration and dusting of RCPS geofoam caused by the extensive exposure tosunlight is a defect that will adversely affect its service and is grounds for rejection. Refer
31、to X1.6.TABLE 2 Additional Physical Property Requirements of RCPS GeofoamA,BType EPS12 EPS15 EPS19 EPS22 EPS29 EPS39 EPS46 XPS20 XPS21 XPS26 XPS29 XPS36 XPS48Density, min.,kg/m3 (lb/ft 3)11.2(0.70)14.4(0.90)18.4(1.15)21.6(1.35)28.8(1.80)38.4(2.40)45.7(2.85)19.2(1.20)20.8(1.30)25.6(1.60)28.8(1.80)35.
32、2(2.20)48.0(3.00)CompressiveResistance,min., kPa (psi)at 5 % strain35(5.1)55(8.0)90(13.1)115(16.7)170(24.7)241(35.0)300(43.5)85(12.3)110(16.0)185(26.8)235(34.1)335(48.6)535(77.6)CompressiveResistance,min., kPa (psi)at 10 % strainA40(5.8)70(10.2)110(16.0)135(19.6)200(29.0)276(40.0)345(50)104(15.0)104
33、(15.0)173(25.0)276(40.0)414(60.0)690(100.0)AIf yield occurs prior to 10% deformation, report compressive resistance and deformation at yield in addition to the compressive resistance at 1%, 5% and 10% deformation.BFor products that have an external skin, testing shall be undertaken with skins intact
34、.TABLE 23 Common Manufactured Dimensions of RCPS GeofoamDimension, mm(in.) All EPS Types All XPS TypesWidth 305 to 1219 (12 to 48) 406 to 1219 (16 to 48)Length 1219 to 4877 (48 to192)1219 to 2743 (48 to108)Thickness 25 to 1219 (1 to 48) 25 to 102 (1 to 4)D6817 1339. Inspection9.1 SamplingUnless othe
35、rwise specified in the purchase order or contract, the material shall be sampled for inspection inaccordance with Criteria C390.9.2 WeightDetermine the weight of selected full size units in accordance with Test Method D1622, or as specified.9.3 DimensionsVerify specified dimensions and tolerances, a
36、s prescribed in Test Method D1622 and 7.2 of this specification.9.4 DensityCompute the density of test samples in accordance with Test Method D1622.10. Acceptance or Rejection10.1 Material that fails to conform to this specification shall be rejected promptly in writing. The manufacturer or supplier
37、 shallhave the right to re-inspect the rejected shipment and resubmit selected units for acceptance under tightened inspection.11. Certification11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract, the manufacturer or supplier shall furnish third partycertification that representative m
38、aterial has either been tested or inspected as directed in the specification and the requirementshave been met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.12. Product Marking12.1 The following shall be marked on each whole unit of product:12.1.1
39、 Manufacturers Identification,12.1.2 Date of Manufacture,12.1.3 Type, (See Table 1), and12.1.4 Weight, or Density.13. Test Methods13.1 Dimensions and DensityTest in accordance with Test Method C303 or Test Method D1622.13.2 Compressive ResistanceTest in accordance with Test Method C165 or Test Metho
40、d D1621 using 50 mm (2 in.) cubes.The rate of cross-head movement shall be 5.0 6 0.5 mm/min (0.2 6 0.02 in/min) equivalent to 10 % strain per minute.13.3 Flexural StrengthTest in accordance with Test Method C203.13.4 Oxygen IndexTest in accordance with Test Method D2863.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Th
41、e precision of this test method is based on an interlaboratory study of 13.2 of Specification D6817, StandardSpecification for Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam, conducted in 2011. A total of seven laboratories participated in this study,testing three materials at 1%, 5%, and 10% compressive resist
42、ance. Each “test result” reported represents an individualdetermination, and all participants were asked to report five test results for each area tested. Practice E691 was followed for thedesign and analysis of the data; the details are given in ASTM Research Report No. D35-1014.314.1.1 Repeatabili
43、ty limit (r)Two test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ bymore than the “r” value for that material; “r” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by the same operator using the same
44、equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.14.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 3-4-56.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1014.TABLE 34 1% Compressive Resistance (units)colwidth=“0.41in“/CO
45、LSPECCOLSPEC/colname=“COLSPEC3“colwidth=“0.38in“/COLSPECCOLSPEC/colname=“COLSPEC2“colwidth=“0.58in“/COLSPECCOLSPEC/colname=“COLSPEC1“colwidth=“0.58in“/COLSPECCOLSPEC/colname=“COLSPEC0“colwidth=“0.55in“/COLSPECCOLSPEC/colname=“col2“ colwidth=“0.59in“/COLSPECMaterial AverageA_xRepeatabilityStandardDev
46、iationSrReproducibilityStandardDeviationSRRepeatabilityLimitrReproducibilityLimitRA 4.564 0.333 0.647 0.933 1.812B 9.855 0.381 1.144 1.068 3.203C 21.591 0.850 2.310 2.379 6.467AThe average of the laboratories calculated averagesD6817 13414.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)Two test results shall be judge
47、d not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value forthat material; “R” is the interval representing the critical difference between two test results for the same material, obtained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different laboratories.14.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are
48、 listed in Tables 3-4-56.14.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.14.1.4 Any judgment made in accordance with statements 14.1.1 and 14.1.2 would have an approximate 95% probability ofbeing correct.14.2 BiasAs there were no availabl
49、e standard reference materials at the time of this study, bias cannot be determined.14.3 The precision statement was determined through statistical examination of 315 test results, submitted by sevenlaboratories, recording compressive resistance measurements of three materials.14.3.1 The three materials were all described as expanded polystyrene.14.4 To judge the equivalency of two test results, it is recommended to choose the material that is closest in characteristics tothe test material.15. Keywords15.1 block; board; cellular polystyrene; EPS; exp
