1、Designation: D6862 11Standard Test Method for90 Degree Peel Resistance of Adhesives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this test method is to provide for the determination of the resistance-to-peel strengthof adhesives when surfaces joined by an adhe
3、sive are separated by applying a force to one of thesurfaces at a 90 degree angle. The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds willdepend on the conditions under which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the
4、bonding conditions shall be prescribed by themanufacturer of the adhesive. In order to ensure that complete information is available to theindividual conducting the tests, the manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values andother specific information for each of the following variable
5、s:(1) Procedure for preparation of the surfaces prior to application of the surfaces prior to applicationof the adhesive, the cleaning and drying of surfaces, and special surface treatments, which are notspecifically limited by the pertinent test method.(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesiv
6、e.(3) Conditions for the application of the adhesive, including the rate of spread or thickness of thefilm, number of coats to be applied, whether to one or both of the surfaces, and the conditions ofdrying.(4) Assembly conditions before the application of pressure, including room temperature and le
7、ngthof time.(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time underpressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether thistemperature is that of the glue line or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maint
8、ained.(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, includinglength of time and relative humidity.Range may be prescribed for any variable provided it is acceptable to both the manufacturer and thepurchaser of the adhesive.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers t
9、he determination of theresistance-to-peel strength of an adhesive bond between onerigid adherend and one flexible adherend when tested at anangle of approximately 90 degrees under specified conditionsof preparation and testing.1.2 A variation in thickness of the adherends will generallyinfluence tes
10、t values. For this reason, the thickness of theadherends used to make the test specimens shall be specified inthe material specification. When no thickness is specified, theflexible adherend shall be 0.60 mm (0.025 in.) thick and therigid adherend shall be 1.60 mm (0.060 in.) thick.NOTE 1A heavy fab
11、ric, such as canvas, has been used as a flexibleadherend.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
12、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10
13、 on WorkingProperties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6862 04. DOI:10.1520/D6862-11.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
14、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminology of AdhesivesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany
15、 of the definitions used in this testmethod are defined in Terminology D907.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of testing laminated or bondedadherends, where one adherend is rigid and the other adherendis flexible, by peeling of the flexible adherend from the rigidadherend at a 9
16、0 degree angle of peel using the test fixtureshown in Fig. 1 or an equivalent fixture that will perform thesame function.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful for acceptance and qualitycontrol testing. Adherends, application procedure, and sampleconditioning shall be as agreed upon b
17、y the manufacturer andthe user of the adherends and the adhesive.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall have a loadweighing system conforming to the requirements of PracticeE4. It shall have the capability of constant Rate of Extension(CRE) with a crosshead speed range of 12 mm/min
18、 (0.5in./min) to 250 mm/min (10 in./min). The testing machine shallhave an adequate pen or computer response to record theforce-extension curve. Self-aligning grips shall be used to holdthe flexible adherent. The breaking load shall fall between 15and 85 % of the full scale load range. The grips nee
19、d to engagethe outer 25 mm (1 in.) of the flexible adherent firmly and,when load is applied, the direction of the applied force needs tobe through the center line of the grip assembly.6.2 Test FixtureThe test fixture will consist of a platformthat is smoothly driven horizontally at the same speed as
20、 thecrosshead moves vertically, so that a 90 degree angle is2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.F
21、IG. 1 Sample Test ApparatusD6862 112maintained between the flexible adherent and the fixed adher-ent. The platform shall have means for clamping the fixedadherent to the surface. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 37. Sample Preparation7.1 Laminated test panels (see Fig. 4) consist of twoadherends properly prepare
22、d and bonded together in accor-dance with the adhesive manufacturers recommendations or asrequired by a product performance specification.7.2 Bend the unbonded end of the flexible adherend perpen-dicular to the rigid adherend for clamping in the grip of thetesting machine. Test four specimens per ag
23、ing condition.Typical sample aging conditions call for testing of panels at 4h, 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after assembly.NOTE 2Direct comparison of different adhesives may be made onlywhen specimen construction and test conditions are identical.NOTE 3A specimen width agreed upon by the manufacturer
24、and usermay be used, provided the test machine grip and peel test fixtures are ofample width to apply load uniformly across the width of the adherends.8. Test Method8.1 Insert the test specimen into the peel test fixture asshown in Fig. 3, with the unbonded end of the flexibleadherend gripped in the
25、 test machine jaw. Peel the specimen ata constant crosshead speed of 254 mm/min (10 in./min). Othercrosshead speeds may be used as required by a particular testspecification or at a speed agreed upon by the manufacturer. Ifthe back up plate bends or is distorted during the test, it isrecommended tha
26、t the specimen be redesigned with a back upmember stiff enough to ensure even peel.8.2 During the resistance-to-peel test, make an autographicrecording of load versus head movement (load versus distancepeeled).FIG. 2 Assembled Sample Test ApparatusD6862 1138.3 Record the load over at least a 76 mm (
27、3 in.) separationlength of the bond line or as agreed to by the adhesivemanufacturer and the end user, disregarding the first 25 mm (1in.) of peel.9. Calculation9.1 Determine from the autographic curve or at least 76 mm(3 in.) of peeling (disregarding the first 25 mm (1 in.), theaverage resistance-t
28、o-peel strength in kilonewtons per meter(pounds-force per inch) of the specimen width required toseparate the adherends. The average may be calculated as theaverage of load readings taken at fixed increments of crossheadmotion. For example, load may be recorded at each 12.7 mm(0.5 in.) interval of a
29、dherend separation until at least sixreadings have been attained.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, batch or lotnumber, form, etc.10.1.2 Complete identification of the adherends use
30、d, in-cluding material thickness, surface preparation, and orienta-tion.10.1.3 Description of bonding process, including method ofapplication of adhesive, glueline thickness, press pressure andtime, assembly methods, drying or precuring conditions (whereapplicable), curing time, temperature, and rel
31、ative humidity.10.1.4 The average wet film and dry film thickness of theadhesive layer shall be recorded, where possible. The methodof obtaining the thickness of the adhesive layer shall bedescribed including procedure, location of measurements, andrange of measurements.10.1.5 Complete description o
32、f the test specimen, includingdimensions and construction of the test specimen, conditionsused for cutting individual test specimens, number of testpanels represented, and number of individual test specimens.10.1.6 Conditioning procedure prior to testing.10.1.7 Testing temperature.10.1.8 Type of tes
33、t machine and crosshead separation rateused.10.1.9 Method of recording load and determining averageload.10.1.10 Average, maximum, and minimum resistance-to-peel load values for each individual specimen.10.1.11 Average resistance-to-peel strength in kilonewtonsper meter (pounds-force per inch) of wid
34、th for each combina-tion of materials and constructions under test.FIG. 3 Peel Test UnitD6862 11410.1.12 Type of failure, that is, cohesive failure within theadhesive or adherend or adhesion to the adherend, or combi-nation thereof, for each individual specimen.11. Precision and Bias311.1 The precis
35、ion of this test is a function of the propertiesof the cured bondline.11.2 The resistance-to-peel strength precision informationgiven in Table 1 is expressed in kN/m and lbf/in. for theaverage of three 90 degree peel values determined for oneadhesive by two different laboratories at a cross head spe
36、ed of25 mm per minute (1 inch per minute) and three differentlaboratories at 250 mm per minute (10 inches per minute). Thetesting was performed for both carpet to plywood and duckcloth to plywood.11.2.1 The table was calculated using the relationship:95 % limit 5 2.8 3 standard deviation.3Supporting
37、 data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D14-1011.FIG. 4 Peel Test SampleTABLE 1 Resistance-to-Peel Precision InformationAverage Sr SrSE SR SRSE r R25 mm per min.(1 in. per min.)Carpet to plywoodkN/m (lbf/in.) 0.53 (3) 0.11 (0.6) 0.
38、05 (0.27) 0.11 (0.6) 0.05 (0.27) 0.31 (1.7) 0.31 (1.7)Duck cloth to plywoodkN/m (lbf/in.) 0.88 (5) 0.16 (0.9) 0.07 (0.40) 0.28 (1.6) 0.13 (0.72) 0.45 (2.5) 0.78 (4.5)250 mm per min.(10 in. per min.)Carpet to plywoodkN/m (lbf/in.) 2.28 (13) 0.26 (1.5) 0.12 (0.67) 0.30 (1.7) 0.13 (0.76) 0.73 (4.2) 0.8
39、4 (4.8)Duck cloth to plywoodkN/m (lbf/in.) 2.98 (17) 0.30 (1.7) 0.13 (0.76) 0.30 (1.7) 0.13 (0.76) 0.84 (4.8) 0.82 (4.8)where:Sr = repeatability standard deviationSR = reproducibility standard deviationr = 95 % repeatability limit (within a laboratory)R = 95 % reproducibility limit (between laborato
40、ries)SE = standard error of the mean = standard deviation/square root of number of labsD6862 11511.3 The term repeatability and reproducibility limits areused as specified in Practice E177.11.4 BiasNo information can be presented in the bias ofthe procedure in Test Method D6862 for measuring adhesiv
41、eshear strength because no material having an accepted refer-ence value is available.12. Keywords12.1 adhesives; assemblies; bonds; laminates; peelSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D14 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D6862 - 04)that may impact the use
42、 of this standard. (Approved December 1, 2011.)(1) Hard conversions have been changed to soft conversionsthrough the text and in Table 1.(2) Table 1 typographical errors have been corrected.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with
43、any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technic
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45、 at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
46、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6862 116
