1、Designation: D6878/D6878M 11Standard Specification forThermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6878/D6878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made fromthermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer,intended for use i
3、n single-ply roofing membranes exposed tothe weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics orscrims.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for theintended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such asfire resistan
4、ce, field seaming strength, material compatibility,and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should beconsidered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach
5、 system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toad
6、dress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Me
7、thod for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCrackingin an Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting o
8、r Film at ElevatedTemperatureD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD5538 Practice for Thermoplastic ElastomersTerminology and AbbreviationsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light S
9、ourcesG155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higheralpha-olefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, inamounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymercon
10、tent suitably compounded to satisfy the physical require-ments in the specification (see Practice D5538).3.2 The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused,or adhesively bonded to itself for making watertight fieldsplices and repairs, and the supplier or fabricator shall recom-mend suitable
11、methods and materials.3.3 Sheet shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim.4. Physical Properties and Tolerances4.1 Each sheet specimen shall meet or exceed the physicalrequirements prescribed in Table 1.4.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the p
12、eriod, whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.4.3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging, weath-ering, and so forth) is 62C 64F of the specified tempera-ture, unless otherwise specified.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed up
13、onbetween the purchaser and the supplier.5.1.1 The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 %.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18on Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edit
14、ion approved May 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6878 081. DOI:10.1520/D6878_D6878M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
15、TMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, 10 % ofthickness agreed upon by the purchas
16、er and supplier, but in nocase shall it be less than the minimum in Table 1.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 The sheet, including factory seams, if present, shall bewatertight and free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter,protruding fibers or reinforcement, undispersed raw material,nick
17、s and cuts, voids, thin areas, delaminations or othermanufacturing defects that might adversely affect serviceabil-ity.6.2 Edges of the sheets shall be capable of being seamed toone another without fishmouthing.7. Test Methods7.1 DimensionsTest Methods D751, after permitting thesheet to relax at 23C
18、 73F for 1 h.7.2 Thickness, Sheet OverallRefer to Test Methods D751.7.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (ReinforcingFabric)Optical Method described in Annex A1.7.4 Breaking StrengthTest Methods D751, Grab Method.7.5 Elongation at BreakTest Methods D751, GrabMethod.7.6 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D7
19、51, 2 in./min jawspeed. 8 by 8 in. sample size.7.7 Brittleness PointTest Methods D2137, Method B.7.8 Ozone ResistanceTest Method D1149. Inspect at 73magnification on specimens exposed to 100 mPa 1 3 10-5psiozone in air at 40C 104F. Specimens shall be wrappedaround a 75-mm 3-in. diameter mandrel for
20、166 h exposure.Specimen shall be wrapped around the same size mandrel forinspection. The required specimen width is 25 mm 1.0 in.7.9 Heat AgingTest Method D573. Age sheet specimensfor 5376 h (224 days or 32 weeks) at 116C 240F.Specimens are then cut from the aged sheet for testing ofbreaking strengt
21、h, elongation, and so forth.7.10 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D1204.Age specimen for 6 h at 70C 158F or 1 h at 100C 212F.7.11 Water AbsorptionTest Method D471 for 166 h at70C 158F. Test performed on top coating material only.(Use Test Method D471, Procedure for Change in Mass.)7.12 Factory S
22、eam StrengthTest Methods D751, GrabMethod. Modify procedure by cutting a 25 mm 1.0 in. wideby 300 mm 12 in. long sample across the lap seam. Place injaws approximately 50 mm 2.0 in. from edges of the overlaparea and test at a jaw separation rate of 5 cm/min 2 in./min.7.13 Weather ResistanceAccelerat
23、ed weathering testsshall be performed using Practice G155.7.13.1 Practice G151 and G155Xenon-arc apparatusshall be operated in accordance with the following conditions:Filter Type DaylightIrradiance 0.35 to 0.70 W/(m2 nm) at 340 nm.The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation of the irradiance setti
24、ngis 60.02 W/(m2 nm).Cycle 690 min light, 30 min light plus waterspray on the front surfaceUninsulated Black PanelTemperature80C. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 62.5C.Relative Humidity 50 %. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 65%.Spray Water Refer to Practice G155, sect
25、ion 6.6.1.Typical water temperature used for specimenspray is 21 6 5C, but if ambient temperatureis low and a holding tank is not used to storepurified water, the water temperature can bebelow the typical range.Specimen Repositioning Refer to Practice G155, section 9.5Radiant Exposure 10 080 kJ/(m2
26、nm) at 340 nm(1209.6 MJ/m2at 300 to 400 nm)Inspect at 73 magnification for aging.Chamber Air Temperature(where applicable)50C. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 62C.NoteIf the operational fluctuations are greater than the maximum allowableafter the equipment has stabilized, discontinue
27、 the test and correct the cause ofthe problem before continuing.7.13.2 Perform the weathering tests on the intact sheet withthe weathering side facing the lamps. Mount specimens forexposure under no strain. After exposure, the specimens shallbe removed, wrapped around a 75 mm 3 in. mandrel, andinspe
28、cted for cracks and crazing. A specimen is rated “pass” ifno cracks or crazing is observed.8. Inspection8.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon betweeninvolved parties.9. Rejection and Resubmittal9.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementsprescribed in this specification shall
29、constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be reported to the supplier promptlyand in writing. The seller shall have the right to reinspect therejected shipment and resubmit the lot after removal of thosepackages not conforming to the specified requirements.10. Product Marking10.1 The sheet sh
30、all be identified on the side intended to beexposed to the weather with this ASTM designation and eitherthe name of the manufacturer or supplier or TPO. The type ofidentification is at the manufacturers option. Such identifica-tion shall occur at intervals not to exceed3m9ft,10in. inthe long directi
31、on. The identification shall be applied in such amanner as to be legible five years from installation. Identifi-cation shall not be required when so specified by the purchaser.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for TPO SheetThickness, min, mm in.Sheet-overall 1.0 0.039Coating over fabric or scrim, weathe
32、ring side only 0.305 0.012Breaking strength, min, N lbf 976 220Elongation at reinforcement break, min, % 15Tearing strength, min, N lbf 245 55Brittleness point, max, C F -40 -40Ozone resistance, no cracks PassProperties after heat aging: (retained values)Breaking strength, % min 90Elongation at rein
33、forcement break, % min 90Tearing strength, % min 60Weight change (mass), max % 61Linear dimensional change, max, % 61Water absorption, max, mass % 63.0AFactory seam strength, min, N lbf 290 66Weather resistance:Visual inspection PassATest performed on top coating material only. (Use Test Method D471
34、,Procedure for Change in Mass.)D6878/D6878M 11211. Packaging and Package Marking11.1 The material shall be packaged in a standard commer-cial manner, unless otherwise specified, so as to be acceptableby commercial or other carriers for safe transportation to thepoint of delivery.11.2 Shipping contai
35、ners shall be marked with:11.2.1 The name of the material,11.2.2 Product code,11.2.3 ASTM number,11.2.4 Size or quantity, and11.2.5 Name of manufacturer or supplier.12. Keywords12.1 flexible sheet; roofing; roofing material; single-plyroofing membrane; thermoplastic polyolefin; TPOANNEX(Mandatory In
36、formation)A1. OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER SCRIM (REINFORCING FABRIC)A1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This method measures the thickness of the coatingover reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement MethodA1.2.1 PrincipleThe thickness of coating material overfiber, fabric, or scrim can be ob
37、served with a standardreflectance microscope. Measurement is made with a calibratedeyepiece.A1.2.2 Apparatus:A1.2.2.1 Microscope,603 with reticle.A1.2.2.2 Light SourceIf light source on the microscope isnot adequate, use a small high-intensity lamp.A1.2.2.3 Stage Micrometer, 0.0254 mm 0.001 in. divi
38、-sions.A1.2.3 Calibration Procedure:A1.2.3.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometer inplace of the specimen.A1.2.3.2 Turn on the microscope light source.A1.2.3.3 Position the reticle eyepiece and the micrometersuch that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle byturning the eyepiece. Fo
39、cus the specimen and reticle by turningthe vertical adjustment knob.A1.2.3.4 Locate a point at which both scales line up. Countthe number of micrometer divisions away. Measure to thenearest 0.0125 mm 0.0005 in. or 0.5 mil. The calibration maybe optimized by increasing the number of divisions measure
40、d.A1.2.3.5 Repeat the calibration three times and average theresults. A calibration example is given below.A1.2.3.6 If four reticle divisions (RD) are found equal to 4.5micrometer divisions (MD), then:1RD!54.5/4MD! or 1 RD!51.125 MD!Since 1 micrometre division is also equal to 25.4 m 0.001in. or 1.0
41、 mil); therefore, 1(RD) = 28.6 m 0.001125 in. or1.125 mils) or the calibration factor.A1.2.4 Specimen Analysis:A1.2.4.1 Carefully center a sharp single-edge razor orequivalent over the fiber intersections along the x-x axis.A1.2.4.2 Make a clean bias cut completely through thesheet.A1.2.4.3 Remove t
42、he razor-cut section and mount in com-mon putty with the cut surface facing upward.A1.2.4.4 Observe the cut surface with the eyepiece reticle.Measure the thickness of the coating on either side of thethread intersection by counting the number of reticle divisions(to the nearest one-half division).A1
43、.2.4.5 Sample three areas of the coatings and average theresults.A1.3 Calculation and ReportA1.3.1 Multiply the number or reticle divisions representingthe thickness of the coating by the calibration factor. Report theaverage results from the three areas of the coating to the nearest12.7 m 0.0005 in
44、. or 0.5 mils.A1.4 Precision and BiasA1.4.1 PrecisionMeasurements are accurate to 612.7 m0.005 in. or 5.0 mils when the thickness is about 0.05 mm0.020 in. or 20 mils.A1.4.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for measuring coating thick-ness, no statem
45、ent on bias is being made.D6878/D6878M 113ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and t
46、he riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision
47、of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shoul
48、dmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D6878/D6878M 114
