1、Designation: D6884 03 (Reapproved 2015)1Standard Practice forInstallation of Articulating Concrete Block (ACB) RevetmentSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReapproval with editorial change to 1.3 in November 2015.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this standard is to provi
3、de recommendedguidelines for the proper installation of articulating concreteblock (ACB) revetment systems.1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessio
4、nal judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace standard of care by whichadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without considerations of aprojects man
5、y unique aspects. The word “standard” in the titleof this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that ar
6、e provided for information onlyand are not considered standard. Use of units other thaninch-pound shall not be considered non-conformance with thispractice as long as the selected parameters are met as aminimum.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, and equipment. This standar
7、d does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S
8、tandards:2C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC698 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, andSpectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Mixed Ox-ides (U, Pu)O2)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment system,na matrix of interconnected concrete
9、 block units for erosionprotection. Units are connected by geometric interlock, cables,ropes, geotextiles, geogrids, or a combination thereof, andtypically include a geotextile underlayment for subsoil reten-tion.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The proper installation of articulated concrete blockrevetmen
10、t systems is essential to the adequate functioning andperformance of the system during the design hydrologic event.This standard provides guidelines for maximizing the corre-spondence between the design intent and the actual field-finished conditions of the project.4.2 This standard addresses the pr
11、eparation of the subgrade,geotextile placement, block system placement, backfilling andfinishing, and inspection.5. Significance and Use5.1 This standard is intended for use by designers andcontractors to assist in understanding the importance of properinstallation of articulating concrete block rev
12、etment systems in1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous
13、edition approved in 2010 as D688403(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D6884-03R15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、 website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1order to achieve suitable hydraulic performance and maintainstability against the erosive force of flowing water.5.2 An articulating concrete block system is comprised of amatri
15、x of individual concrete blocks placed together to form anerosion-resistant overlay with specific hydraulic performancecharacteristics. The system includes a geotextile underlaycompatible with the subsoil that allows hydraulic infiltrationand exfiltration to occur while providing particle retention.
16、 Theblocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable and thematrix shall be flexible and porous.5.3 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provideerosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forcesof flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in thisstandard, implies the
17、 ability of individual blocks of the systemto conform to changes in the subgrade while remaininginterconnected by virtue of block interlock and/or additionalsystem components such as cables, ropes, geotextiles, orgeogrids.5.4 The definition of articulating concrete block systemsdoes not distinguish
18、between interlocking and non-interlockingblock geometries, between cable-tied and non-cable-tiedsystems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems orbetween methods of manufacturing or placement. Furthermore,the definition does not restrict or limit the block size, shape,strength, or longevity; ho
19、wever, guidelines and recommenda-tions regarding these factors are incorporated into this stan-dard. This standard does not specify size restrictions forindividual block units. Block systems are available in eitheropen-cell or closed-cell varieties.5.5 The installation of articulated concrete block
20、systemsshall be performed so as to maintain intimate contact betweenthe blocks, the geotextile filter and the subgrade that the systemis intended to protect.6. Procedure6.1 Subgrade Preparation:6.1.1 Stable and compacted subgrade soil shall be preparedto the lines, grades and cross sections shown on
21、 the contractdrawings. Termination trenches and transitions between slopes,embankment crests, benches, berms and toes shall becompacted, shaped and uniformly graded to facilitate thedevelopment of intimate contact between the ACB system andthe underlying grade. Termination between the articulatingco
22、ncrete block revetment system and a concrete slab, wall orsimilar structure, shall be secured in a manner which preventssoil migration.6.1.2 The subgrade soil conditions shall meet or exceed therequired material properties described in 6.1.4. prior to place-ment of the block. Soils not meeting the r
23、equirements shall beremoved and replaced with acceptable material.6.1.3 Care shall be exercised so as not to excavate below thegrades shown on the contract drawings, unless directed by theEngineer to remove unsatisfactory materials. Any excessiveexcavation shall be filled with approved backfill mate
24、rial andcompacted. Where it is impractical, in the opinion of theEngineer, to dewater the area to be filled, over-excavationsshall be backfilled with approved backfill material.6.1.4 When placing in the dry, the areas to receive the ACBsystem shall be graded to establish a smooth surface and ensuret
25、hat intimate contact is achieved between the subgrade surfaceand the geotextile, and between the geotextile and the bottomsurface of the ACB system. Unsatisfactory soils, soils havingexcessive in-place moisture content and soils containing clods,roots, sod, brush, or other organic materials shall be
26、 removed,backfilled with approved material and compacted. It is recom-mended that the subgrade be uniformly compacted to aminimum of 90 percent of Standard Proctor density (TestMethod D698). Should the subgrade surface for any reasonbecome rough, corrugated, uneven, textured or traffic markedprior t
27、o ACB installation, such unsatisfactory portion shall bescarified, reworked, re-compacted or replaced as directed bythe Engineer. Excavation of the subgrade above the water lineshall not be more than 2 in. (50 mm) below the grade indicatedon the contract drawings. Where such areas are below theallow
28、able grades, they shall be brought to grade by placing andcompacting approved material in layers not exceeding 6 in.(150 mm) thick. Where such areas are above the allowablegrades, they shall be brought to grade by removing material orreworking existing material and compacting. The subgradeshall be r
29、aked, screeded, or rolled by hand or machine toachieve a smooth compacted surface that is free of loosematerial.6.2 Placement of Geotextile:6.2.1 Immediately prior to placing the geotextile and ACBsystem, the prepared subgrade shall be inspected. The geotex-tile shall be placed directly on the prepa
30、red area, in intimatecontact with the subgrade and free of folds or wrinkles. Thegeotextile shall be placed in such a manner that placement ofthe overlying materials will not excessively stretch or tear thegeotextile. After geotextile placement, the work area shall notbe disturbed so as to result in
31、 a loss of intimate contact betweenthe concrete block, the geotextile, and the subgrade. Thegeotextile shall not be left exposed longer than the manufac-turers recommendation to minimize potential damage due toultraviolet radiation.6.2.2 The geotextile shall be placed so that upstream stripsoverlap
32、downstream strips and so that upslope strips overlapdownslope strips. Overlaps shall be in the direction of flowwherever possible. The longitudinal and transverse joints shallbe overlapped at least 3 ft (91 cm) for below-water installationsand at least 1.5 ft (46 cm) for dry installations. If a sewn
33、 seamis to be used for the seaming of the geotextile, the thread to beused shall consist of high strength polypropylene or polyesterand shall be resistant to ultraviolet radiation. The geotextileshall extend beyond the top, toe and side termination points ofthe revetment. If necessary to expedite co
34、nstruction and tomaintain the recommended overlaps anchoring pins, “U”-staples or weights shall be used. Granular filters may be usedin place of, or in combination with, the geotextile per theEngineers design drawings and specifications.6.3 Placement of Articulating Concrete Block System:6.3.1 The a
35、rticulating concrete block system shall be placedon the geotextile in such a manner as to produce a surface inaccordance with 6.3.3 that achieves intimate contact with thegeotextile.D6884 03 (2015)126.3.2 Placement of the ACB system, whether as mats or byhand, shall be performed to ensure that the i
36、ndividual blocks liein intimate contact with the geotextile and subgrade. For blockswithin a mat and blocks that are hand placed, the joint spacingbetween adjacent blocks is to be maintained so that binding ofblocks does not occur and so that block to block interconnec-tion is achieved. In areas of
37、curvature or grade change,alignment of an individual block with adjacent blocks shall beoriented such that intimate contact between the block,geotextile, and subgrade is maintained and block to blockinterconnection is achieved.6.3.3 Care shall be taken during block installation so as toavoid damage
38、to the geotextile or subgrade during the instal-lation process. Preferably, where the geotextile is laid on theground prior to the ACB installation, the ACB placement shallbegin at the upstream section and proceed downstream. If anACB system is to be installed starting downstream andproceeding in th
39、e upstream direction, a contractor option is toconstruct a temporary toe trench at the front edge of the ACBsystem to protect against flow which could otherwise under-mine the system during flow events. On sloped sections wherepractical, placement shall begin at the toe of the slope andproceed upslo
40、pe. Block placement shall not bring block-to-block interconnections into tension. Individual blocks withinthe plane of the finished system shall not exceed a 0.5 in. (13mm) protrusion or greater protrusion than the tolerance refer-enced in the contract documents.6.3.4 If assembled and placed as larg
41、e mats, the ACB matscan be attached to a spreader bar to aid in the lifting andplacing of the mats in their proper position with a crane orbackhoe. The mats shall be placed side by side and/or end toend, so that the mats abut each other. Mat seams or openingsbetween mats that are 2 in. (50 mm) or gr
42、eater in the matrixshall be filled with grout. Whether placed by hand or as mats,distinct grade changes shall be accommodated with a well-rounded transition (that is, minimum radius per specific systemcharacteristics). However, if a discontinuous revetment surfaceexists in the direction of flow, a g
43、rout seam at the grade changelocation shall be provided to produce a continuous, flushfinished surface.6.4 Termination Trenches:6.4.1 Termination of blocks shall be in excavated trencheswhich shall be properly backfilled with approved material flushwith the top of the finished surface of the blocks
44、(see 6.1.4).The integrity of the trench backfill shall be maintained toensure a finished surface that is flush with the top surface of thearticulating blocks.6.5 Anchor Penetrations:6.5.1 Anchor penetrations through the geotextile shall begrouted with approved material to prevent migration of subsoi
45、lthrough the penetration point.6.6 Finishing:6.6.1 The open area of the articulating concrete blocksystem is typically either backfilled with suitable soil forrevegetation, or with38 to34 in. (10 to 20 mm) diametercrushed stone. Backfilling with soil or granular fill within thecells of the system sh
46、all be completed as soon as practicableafter the revetment has been installed. When topsoil is used asa fill material above the normal waterline, overfill by 1 to 2 in.(25 to 50 mm) to account for backfill material consolidation.6.7 Inspection:6.7.1 The subgrade preparation, geotextile placement and
47、ACB system installation, and overall finished condition includ-ing termination trenches shall be inspected.7. Keywords7.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems;erosion control; geotextile; subgrade; termination trenches;toe-insASTM International takes no position respecting the validit
48、y of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject
49、 to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown
