1、Designation: D 6891 06aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVASpark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil tocontrol camshaft
3、lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equippedwith an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. Thistest method is designed to simulate extended engine idlingvehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses aNissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobewear (measured at seven loc
4、ations around each of the twelvelobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear andmeasurement of iron wear metal concentration in the usedengine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution ofcrankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and totaloil consumption, can be useful in th
5、e assessment of the validityof the test results.21.2 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
6、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cle
7、aning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by JetEvaporationD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand
8、Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D 3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 5185 Test Method for Deter
9、mination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation
10、 and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions4D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4E 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Table
11、s for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System52.3 SAE Standards:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassification6SAE J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust GasEmissions Measurement62.4 ASME Standard:B46.1 Standard for
12、 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,Waviness, and Lay)72.5 JASO Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Publis
13、hed December 2006. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 689106.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMTest Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pi
14、ttsburgh, PA 15206-4489,Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporates allInformation Letters through No. 061.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
15、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.M 328-95 Valve-train Wear Test Procedure for EvaluatingAutomobile Gasoline Engine Oils82.6 CEC Standard:CEC-L-38-A-94 Peugeot TU-3M/KDX Valve-train ScuffingWear Test93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bl
17、owby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 53023.1.2 calibration test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable results. Sub. B Glossa
18、ry103.1.2.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability.3.1.3 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.3.1 DiscussionReference oils are
19、used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assessment length, nthe length of surface overwhich measurements are made.3.2.2 break-in
20、, ninitial engine operation to reach stabili-zation of the engine performance after new parts are installedin the engine.3.2.3 cam lobe wear, nthe sum of the wear determined atthe following locations (nose is zero location): (1)14camdegrees before the nose, (2) 10 before the nose, (3) 4 beforethe no
21、se, (4) at the nose, (5) 4 after the nose, (6) 10 after thenose, (7) 14 after the nose.3.2.4 cam nose wear, nthe maximum linear deviation of aworn nose profile from the unworn profile; the nose is the highlift point on the particular cam lobe.3.2.5 flushing, nthe installation of a fresh charge oflub
22、ricant and oil filter for the purpose of running the engine toreduce and eliminate remnants of the previous oil charge.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFlushing may be carried out in aniterated process to ensure a more thorough process of reducingprevious oil remnants.3.2.6 reference line, na deduced, leveled, str
23、aight linedrawn on the profilometer graph, from the front unwornaverage edge of a cam lobe to the rear unworn average edge ofthat cam lobe.3.2.7 valve-train, na mechanical engine subsystem com-prised of the camshaft, the rocker arms, hydraulic lash adjust-ers, the poppet valves, and valve-springs.3.
24、2.8 wavenesstotal, nthe maximum excursion of the wornsurface as graphically measured normal to the reference line.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test Numbering SchemeUse the test numberingscheme shown below:AAAAABBBBBCCCCCAAAAA represents the stand number. BBBBB representsthe number of tests since the
25、 last calibration test on that stand.CCCCC represents the total number of Sequence IVA testsconducted on that stand. For example, 6-10-175 represents the175th Sequence IVA test conducted on test stand 6 and thetenth test since the last calibration test. Consecutively numberall tests. Number the stan
26、d calibration tests beginning with zerofor the BBBBB field. Multiple-length Sequence IVA tests aremultiple runs for test numbering purposes, such as double-length tests which are counted as two runs and triple-lengthtests which are counted as three runs. For example, if test1-3-28 is a doubled-lengt
27、h test, number the next test conductedon that stand 1-5-30.4.2 Test EngineThis procedure uses a fired 1994 modelNissan KA24E 2.389-L, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, port fuel-injected gasoline engine.11,12The enginefeatures a single overhead camshaft with sliding followerrocker arms, wit
28、h two intake valves and one exhaust valve percylinder, and hydraulic lash adjusters. The camshaft is notphosphate-coated or lubrited.4.3 Test StandCouple the test engine (devoid of alternator,cooling fan, water pump, clutch and transmission) to aneddy-current dynamometer for precise control of engin
29、e speedand torque. Specify the combined inertia of the driveline anddynamometer to ensure reproducible transient ramping ofengine speed and torque. Control the intake air, provided to theengine air filter housing, for temperature, pressure, and humid-ity. Mount the engine similar to its vehicle orie
30、ntation (tilted up5.5 in front; sideways 10 up on intake manifold side; bottomof oil sump horizontal). Modify the engine ECM wiringharness, sensors, and actuators. The test stand plumbing shallconform to the diagrams shown inAnnexA3. Install the engineon a test stand equipped with computer control o
31、f enginespeed, torque, various temperatures, pressures, flows, and otherparameters outlined in the test procedure (see Section 11).4.4 Test SequenceAfter engine break-in or after thecompletion of a previous test, install a new test camshaft androcker arms. Charge the fresh test oil to the engine and
32、 conducttwo flushes. After completing both flushes, drain the used oil,and weigh and install the fresh test oil and filter. Conduct thetest for a total of 100 h, with no scheduled shutdowns. Thereare two operating conditions, Stage I and Stage II; 50 min ofStage I and 10 min of Stage II comprise one
33、 test cycle. The testlength is 100 cycles.4.5 Analyses ConductedAfter test, measure the camshaftlobes using a surface profilometer. From these graphical profile7Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.8A
34、vailable from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 AkasakaMinato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan.9Available from the Coordinating European Council for the Development ofPerformance Tests Transportation Fuels, Lubes, and other Fluids, Madou Plaza , 25Floor Place, Madou B-1210, Brussels, Belgium.1
35、0Available from ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.11The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Nissan North American, Inc., P.O. Box 191, Gardena, CA 90248-0191.12If you are aware of alternati
36、ve suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.D 6891 06a2measurements, determine the maximum wear at seven loca-tions on the cam lobe. Deter
37、mine individual cam lobe wear bysumming the seven location wear measurements. Average thewear from the twelve cam lobes for the final, primary testresult. After test completion, determine the oil consumption bythe weight of used oil versus the fresh oil charged to the engine(including oil filter). A
38、nalyze the end of test used oil for fueldilution, kinematic viscosity, and wear metals. Retaina1Lfinal drain sample for 90 days. Retain the camshaft and rockerarms for six months.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotivelubricants effect on controlling cam lobe
39、 wear for overheadvalve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.NOTE 1This test method may be used for engine oil specifications,such as Specification D 4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.6. ApparatusNOTE 2Coordination with theASTM Committee D02, SubcommitteeB, Sequence IVA Surveillan
40、ce Panel is a prerequisite to the use of anyequivalent apparatus. However, the intent is to permit reasonable adapta-tion of existing laboratory facilities and equipment. Figures are providedthroughout the test method to suggest appropriate design details and depictsome of the required apparatus.6.1
41、 Test EngineThis test method uses a fired 1994 modelNissan KA24E 2.389L, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, port fuel-injected gasoline engine,11,12. See Annex A2for a parts lists. Nominal oil sump volume is 3.5 L. Thecylinder block is constructed of cast iron, while the cylinderhead is alum
42、inum. The engine features a single overheadcamshaft with sliding follower rocker arms, with two intakevalves and one exhaust valve per cylinder, and hydraulic lashadjusters. The camshaft is not phosphate-coated or lubrited.The rocker arm contact pad material is powdered metal. Theengine compression
43、ratio is 8.6 to 1. Rate the engine at 198Nm torque at 4400 r/min. The ignition timing and multi-portfuel injection system is ECM. Fuel the engine with a speciallyblended, non-detergent unleaded reference gasoline. Make theEGR non-operable.6.1.1 Engine Buildup and Measurement AreaThe ambientatmospher
44、e of the engine buildup and measurement areas shallbe reasonably free of contaminants and maintained at auniform temperature. Maintain the specific humidity at auniform level to prevent the accumulation of rust on engineparts. Use uniform temperatures to ensure repeatable dimen-sional measurements.
45、Use a sensitive surface profilometerinstrument to measure the wear of the cam lobes, and place theprofilometer on a base-plate free of external vibrations.6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe laboratory ambient at-mosphere shall be reasonably free of contaminants and generalwind currents, especially if an
46、d when the valve-train parts areinstalled while the engine remains in the operating area. Thetemperature and humidity level of the operating area is notspecified.6.1.3 Parts Cleaning AreaThis test method does notspecify the ambient atmosphere of the parts cleaning area(WarningUse adequate ventilatio
47、n in areas while usingsolvents and cleansers).6.2 External Engine ModificationsModify the test enginefor the valve-train wear test. Make the exhaust gas recircula-tion non-operable. Disable the swirl control actuator. Disablethe fast idle system and the auxiliary air control (AAC) valve.Replace the
48、engine coolant temperature sensor by a fixedresistor. Modify the engine water-pump to incorporate anexternal electric-driven water-pump. Do not use the water-pump fan blade and cooling radiator. Remove the alternator.Install an oil cooler (water-to-oil heat exchanger) at the oilfilter housing, as sh
49、own in Annex A3. Modify the enginewiring harness. Install fittings for various temperature andpressure measurements as required by the test method. Placethe Nissan production rocker cover with a specially manufac-tured aluminum jacketed rocker cover. Route the enginecoolant through this jacket. Install a fitting in the front enginecover to allow a portion of the crankcase ventilation air tobypass the rocker cover. Install fittings for various temperatureand pressure measurements as required by this test method.6.2.1 Non-Operable EGRThis test met
