1、Designation: D6891 09aStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVASpark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil tocontrol camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition eng
3、ines equippedwith an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. Thistest method is designed to simulate extended engine idlingvehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses aNissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobewear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve
4、lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear andmeasurement of iron wear metal concentration in the usedengine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution ofcrankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and totaloil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validityof t
5、he test results.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, orsingle source equipment specified.1.3 This
6、standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 forspecifi
7、c safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Pr
8、od-ucts (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D3525 Test Method for Gasoli
9、ne Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled P
10、lasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions4D5844 Test Method for Evaluati
11、on of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System52.3 SAE Standards:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine S
12、erviceClassification6SAE J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust GasEmissions Measurement61This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition appr
13、oved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D689109. DOI:10.1520/D6891-09a.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMT
14、est Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporates allInformation Letters through No. 081.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
15、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington,
16、 DC 20005.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.4 ASME Standard:B46.1 Standard for Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,W
17、aviness, and Lay)72.5 JASO Standard:M 328-95 Valve-train Wear Test Procedure for EvaluatingAutomobile Gasoline Engine Oils82.6 CEC Standard:CEC-L-38-A-94 Peugeot TU-3M/KDX Valve-train ScuffingWear Test93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion produ
18、cts and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D53023.1.2 calibration test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable results. Sub. B Glossary103.1.2.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-da
19、rd test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability.3.1.3 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.3.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performan
20、ce of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assessment length, nthe length of surface overwhich measurements are made.3.2.2 break-in, ninitial engine operation to reach stabili-zation of the eng
21、ine performance after new parts are installedin the engine.3.2.3 cam lobe wear, nthe sum of the wear determined atthe following locations (nose is zero location): (1)14camdegrees before the nose, (2) 10 before the nose, (3) 4 beforethe nose, (4) at the nose, (5) 4 after the nose, (6) 10 after thenos
22、e, (7) 14 after the nose.3.2.4 cam nose wear, nthe maximum linear deviation of aworn nose profile from the unworn profile; the nose is the highlift point on the particular cam lobe.3.2.5 flushing, nthe installation of a fresh charge oflubricant and oil filter for the purpose of running the engine to
23、reduce and eliminate remnants of the previous oil charge.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFlushing may be carried out in aniterated process to ensure a more thorough process of reducingprevious oil remnants.3.2.6 reference line, na deduced, leveled, straight linedrawn on the profilometer graph, from the front unwo
24、rnaverage edge of a cam lobe to the rear unworn average edge ofthat cam lobe.3.2.7 valve-train, na mechanical engine subsystem com-prised of the camshaft, the rocker arms, hydraulic lash adjust-ers, the poppet valves, and valve-springs.3.2.8 wavenesstotal, nthe maximum excursion of the wornsurface a
25、s graphically measured normal to the reference line.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test Numbering SchemeUse the test numberingscheme shown below:AAAAABBBBBCCCCCAAAAA represents the stand number. BBBBB representsthe number of tests since the last calibration test on that stand.CCCCC represents the tota
26、l number of Sequence IVA testsconducted on that stand. For example, 6-10-175 represents the175th Sequence IVA test conducted on test stand 6 and thetenth test since the last calibration test. Consecutively numberall tests. Number the stand calibration tests beginning with zerofor the BBBBB field. Mu
27、ltiple-length Sequence IVA tests aremultiple runs for test numbering purposes, such as double-length tests which are counted as two runs and triple-lengthtests which are counted as three runs. For example, if test1-3-28 is a doubled-length test, number the next test conductedon that stand 1-5-30.4.2
28、 Test EngineThis procedure uses a fired 1994 modelNissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389L.11,12The engine features a single overhead camshaft withsliding follower rocker arms, with two intake valves and oneexhaust valve
29、 per cylinder, and hydraulic lash adjusters. Thecamshaft is not phosphate-coated or lubrited.4.3 Test StandCouple the test engine (devoid of alternator,cooling fan, water pump, clutch and transmission) to aneddy-current dynamometer for precise control of engine speedand torque. Specify the combined
30、inertia of the driveline anddynamometer to ensure reproducible transient ramping ofengine speed and torque. Control the intake air, provided to theengine air filter housing, for temperature, pressure, and humid-ity. Mount the engine similar to its vehicle orientation (tilted up5.5 in front; sideways
31、 10 up on intake manifold side; bottomof oil sump horizontal). Modify the engine ECM wiringharness, sensors, and actuators. The test stand plumbing shallconform to the diagrams shown inAnnexA3. Install the engineon a test stand equipped with computer control of enginespeed, torque, various temperatu
32、res, pressures, flows, and otherparameters outlined in the test procedure (see Section 11).4.4 Test SequenceAfter engine break-in or after thecompletion of a previous test, install a new test camshaft androcker arms. Charge the fresh test oil to the engine and conduct7Available from American Society
33、 of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.8Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 AkasakaMinato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan.9Available from the Coordinating European Council for the Development ofPerformance Tests T
34、ransportation Fuels, Lubes, and other Fluids, Madou Plaza , 25Floor Place, Madou B-1210, Brussels, Belgium.10Available from ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.11The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at t
35、his timeis Nissan North American, Inc., P.O. Box 191, Gardena, CA 90248-0191.12If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which yo
36、u may attend.D6891 09a2two flushes. After completing both flushes, drain the used oil,and weigh and install the fresh test oil and filter. Conduct thetest for a total of 100 h, with no scheduled shutdowns. Thereare two operating conditions, Stage I and Stage II; Stage I for50 min and Stage II for 10
37、 min comprise one test cycle. Thetest length is 100 cycles.4.5 Analyses ConductedAfter test, measure the camshaftlobes using a surface profilometer. From these graphical profilemeasurements, determine the maximum wear at seven loca-tions on the cam lobe. Determine individual cam lobe wear bysumming
38、the seven location wear measurements. Average thewear from the twelve cam lobes for the final, primary testresult. After test completion, determine the oil consumption bythe mass of used oil versus the fresh oil charged to the engine(including oil filter). Analyze the end of test used oil for fueldi
39、lution, kinematic viscosity, and wear metals. Retain a finaldrain sample of 1 Lfor 90 days. Retain the camshaft and rockerarms for six months.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotivelubricants effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overheadvalve-train equippe
40、d engines with sliding cam followers.NOTE 1This test method may be used for engine oil specifications,such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.6. ApparatusNOTE 2Coordination with theASTM Committee D02, SubcommitteeB, Sequence IVA Surveillance Panel is a prerequisite to the use
41、of anyequivalent apparatus. However, the intent is to permit reasonable adapta-tion of existing laboratory facilities and equipment. Figures are providedthroughout the test method to suggest appropriate design details and depictsome of the required apparatus.6.1 Test EngineThis test method uses a fi
42、red 1994 modelNissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389L.11,12. See Annex A2 for a parts lists. Nominal oil sumpvolume is 3.5 L. The cylinder block is constructed of cast iron,while the cylinder head is aluminum. The engin
43、e features asingle overhead camshaft with sliding follower rocker arms,with two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cylinder, andhydraulic lash adjusters. The camshaft is not phosphate-coatedor lubrited. The rocker arm contact pad material is powderedmetal. The engine compression ratio is 8.6 to
44、 1. Rate the engineat 198 Nm torque at 4400 r/min. The ignition timing andmulti-port fuel injection system is ECM. Fuel the engine witha specially blended, non-detergent unleaded reference gasoline.Make the EGR non-operable.6.1.1 Engine Buildup and Measurement AreaThe ambientatmosphere of the engine
45、 buildup and measurement areas shallbe reasonably free of contaminants and maintained at auniform temperature. Maintain the specific humidity at auniform level to prevent the accumulation of rust on engineparts. Use uniform temperatures to ensure repeatable dimen-sional measurements. Use a sensitive
46、 surface profilometerinstrument to measure the wear of the cam lobes, and place theprofilometer on a base-plate free of external vibrations.6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe laboratory ambient at-mosphere shall be reasonably free of contaminants and generalwind currents, especially if and when the valv
47、e-train parts areinstalled while the engine remains in the operating area. Thetemperature and humidity level of the operating area is notspecified.6.1.3 Parts Cleaning AreaThis test method does notspecify the ambient atmosphere of the parts cleaning area(WarningUse adequate ventilation in areas whil
48、e usingsolvents and cleansers).6.2 External Engine ModificationsModify the test enginefor the valve-train wear test. Make the exhaust gas recircula-tion non-operable. Disable the swirl control actuator. Disablethe fast idle system and the auxiliary air control (AAC) valve.Replace the engine coolant
49、temperature sensor by a fixedresistor. Modify the engine water-pump to incorporate anexternal electric-driven water-pump. Do not use the water-pump fan blade and cooling radiator. Remove the alternator.Install an oil cooler (water-to-oil heat exchanger) at the oilfilter housing, as shown in Annex A3. Modify the enginewiring harness. Install fittings for various temperature andpressure measurements as required by the test method. Placethe Nissan production rocker cover with a specially manufac-tured aluminum jacketed rocker cover. Route the engi
