1、Designation: D6891 10Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVASpark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil tocontrol camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engi
3、nes equippedwith an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. Thistest method is designed to simulate extended engine idlingvehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses aNissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobewear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelvel
4、obes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear andmeasurement of iron wear metal concentration in the usedengine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution ofcrankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and totaloil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validityof th
5、e test results.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, orsingle source equipment specified.1.3 This s
6、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 forspecific
7、 safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Pro
8、d-ucts (Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D3525 Test Method for Gasolin
9、e Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Pl
10、asma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certificati
11、on System52.3 SAE Standards:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassification6SAE J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust GasEmissions Measurement62.4 ASME Standard:B46.1 Standard for Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,Waviness, and Lay)71This test method is under the jurisdic
12、tion of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D689109a. DOI:10.1520/D6891-
13、10.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMTest Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporate
14、s allInformation Letters through No. 092.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last
15、 approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.7Available from American Socie
16、ty of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.5 JASO Standard:M 328-95 Valve-train Wear Test Procedure for EvaluatingAuto
17、mobile Gasoline Engine Oils82.6 CEC Standard:CEC-L-38-A-94 Peugeot TU-3M/KDX Valve-train ScuffingWear Test93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nthat portion of the combustion productsand unburned air/fuel mixture that leaks past piston rings intothe engine crankcase during operation.3.1.2 ca
18、libration test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable results. Sub. B Glossary103.1.2.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance an
19、d determines acceptability.3.1.3 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.3.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interac
20、t withoils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assessment length, nthe length of surface overwhich measurements are made.3.2.2 break-in, ninitial engine operation to reach stabili-zation of the engine performance after new parts are installedin the engine.3.2.3 cam lobe we
21、ar, nthe sum of the wear determined atthe following locations (nose is zero location): (1)14camdegrees before the nose, (2) 10 before the nose, (3) 4 beforethe nose, (4) at the nose, (5) 4 after the nose, (6) 10 after thenose, (7) 14 after the nose.3.2.4 cam nose wear, nthe maximum linear deviation
22、of aworn nose profile from the unworn profile; the nose is the highlift point on the particular cam lobe.3.2.5 flushing, nthe installation of a fresh charge oflubricant and oil filter for the purpose of running the engine toreduce and eliminate remnants of the previous oil charge.3.2.5.1 DiscussionF
23、lushing may be carried out in aniterated process to ensure a more thorough process of reducingprevious oil remnants.3.2.6 reference line, na deduced, leveled, straight linedrawn on the profilometer graph, from the front unwornaverage edge of a cam lobe to the rear unworn average edge ofthat cam lobe
24、.3.2.7 valve-train, na mechanical engine subsystem com-prised of the camshaft, the rocker arms, hydraulic lash adjust-ers, the poppet valves, and valve-springs.3.2.8 wavenesstotal, nthe maximum excursion of the wornsurface as graphically measured normal to the reference line.4. Summary of Test Metho
25、d4.1 Test Numbering SchemeUse the test numberingscheme shown below:AAAAABBBBBCCCCCAAAAA represents the stand number. BBBBB representsthe number of tests since the last calibration test on that stand.CCCCC represents the total number of Sequence IVA testsconducted on that stand. For example, 6-10-175
26、 represents the175th Sequence IVA test conducted on test stand 6 and thetenth test since the last calibration test. Consecutively numberall tests. Number the stand calibration tests beginning with zerofor the BBBBB field. Multiple-length Sequence IVA tests aremultiple runs for test numbering purpose
27、s, such as double-length tests which are counted as two runs and triple-lengthtests which are counted as three runs. For example, if test1-3-28 is a doubled-length test, number the next test conductedon that stand 1-5-30.4.2 Test EngineThis procedure uses a fired 1994 modelNissan KA24E, in-line 4-cy
28、linder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389L.11,12The engine features a single overhead camshaft withsliding follower rocker arms, with two intake valves and oneexhaust valve per cylinder, and hydraulic lash adjusters. Thecamshaft is not phosphate-co
29、ated or lubrited.4.3 Test StandCouple the test engine (devoid of alternator,cooling fan, water pump, clutch and transmission) to aneddy-current dynamometer for precise control of engine speedand torque. Specify the combined inertia of the driveline anddynamometer to ensure reproducible transient ram
30、ping ofengine speed and torque. Control the intake air, provided to theengine air filter housing, for temperature, pressure, and humid-ity. Mount the engine similar to its vehicle orientation (tilted up5.5 in front; sideways 10 up on intake manifold side; bottomof oil sump horizontal). Modify the en
31、gine ECM wiringharness, sensors, and actuators. The test stand plumbing shallconform to the diagrams shown inAnnexA3. Install the engineon a test stand equipped with computer control of enginespeed, torque, various temperatures, pressures, flows, and otherparameters outlined in the test procedure (s
32、ee Section 11).4.4 Test SequenceAfter engine break-in or after thecompletion of a previous test, install a new test camshaft androcker arms. Charge the fresh test oil to the engine and conducttwo flushes. After completing both flushes, drain the used oil,and weigh and install the fresh test oil and
33、filter. Conduct thetest for a total of 100 h, with no scheduled shutdowns. Thereare two operating conditions, Stage I and Stage II; Stage I for50 min and Stage II for 10 min comprise one test cycle. Thetest length is 100 cycles.4.5 Analyses ConductedAfter test, measure the camshaftlobes using a surf
34、ace profilometer. From these graphical profile8Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 AkasakaMinato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan.9Available from the Coordinating European Council for the Development ofPerformance Tests Transportation Fuels, Lubes, and other Fluids, Madou Plaza ,
35、25Floor Place, Madou B-1210, Brussels, Belgium.10Available from ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.11The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Nissan North American, Inc., P.O. Box 191, Garden
36、a, CA 90248-0191.12If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D6891 102measurements, determine the maximum we
37、ar at seven loca-tions on the cam lobe. Determine individual cam lobe wear bysumming the seven location wear measurements. Average thewear from the twelve cam lobes for the final, primary testresult. After test completion, determine the oil consumption bythe mass of used oil versus the fresh oil cha
38、rged to the engine(including oil filter). Analyze the end of test used oil for fueldilution, kinematic viscosity, and wear metals. Retain a finaldrain sample of 1 Lfor 90 days. Retain the camshaft and rockerarms for six months.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate aut
39、omotivelubricants effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overheadvalve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.NOTE 1This test method may be used for engine oil specifications,such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.6. ApparatusNOTE 2Coordination with theASTM Commit
40、tee D02, SubcommitteeB, Sequence IVA Surveillance Panel is a prerequisite to the use of anyequivalent apparatus. However, the intent is to permit reasonable adapta-tion of existing laboratory facilities and equipment. Figures are providedthroughout the test method to suggest appropriate design detai
41、ls and depictsome of the required apparatus.6.1 Test EngineThis test method uses a fired 1994 modelNissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of 2.389L.11,12. See Annex A2 for a parts lists. Nominal oil sumpvolume is 3.5 L. The cyli
42、nder block is constructed of cast iron,while the cylinder head is aluminum. The engine features asingle overhead camshaft with sliding follower rocker arms,with two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cylinder, andhydraulic lash adjusters. The camshaft is not phosphate-coatedor lubrited. The roc
43、ker arm contact pad material is powderedmetal. The engine compression ratio is 8.6 to 1. Rate the engineat 198 Nm torque at 4400 r/min. The ignition timing andmulti-port fuel injection system is ECM. Fuel the engine witha specially blended, non-detergent unleaded reference gasoline.Make the EGR non-
44、operable.6.1.1 Engine Buildup and Measurement AreaThe ambientatmosphere of the engine buildup and measurement areas shallbe reasonably free of contaminants and maintained at auniform temperature. Maintain the specific humidity at auniform level to prevent the accumulation of rust on engineparts. Use
45、 uniform temperatures to ensure repeatable dimen-sional measurements. Use a sensitive surface profilometerinstrument to measure the wear of the cam lobes, and place theprofilometer on a base-plate free of external vibrations.6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe laboratory ambient at-mosphere shall be reas
46、onably free of contaminants and generalwind currents, especially if and when the valve-train parts areinstalled while the engine remains in the operating area. Thetemperature and humidity level of the operating area is notspecified.6.1.3 Parts Cleaning AreaThis test method does notspecify the ambien
47、t atmosphere of the parts cleaning area(WarningUse adequate ventilation in areas while usingsolvents and cleansers).6.2 External Engine ModificationsModify the test enginefor the valve-train wear test. Make the exhaust gas recircula-tion non-operable. Disable the swirl control actuator. Disablethe f
48、ast idle system and the auxiliary air control (AAC) valve.Replace the engine coolant temperature sensor by a fixedresistor. Modify the engine water-pump to incorporate anexternal electric-driven water-pump. Do not use the water-pump fan blade and cooling radiator. Remove the alternator.Install an oi
49、l cooler (water-to-oil heat exchanger) at the oilfilter housing, as shown in Annex A3. Modify the enginewiring harness. Install fittings for various temperature andpressure measurements as required by the test method. Placethe Nissan production rocker cover with a specially manufac-tured aluminum jacketed rocker cover. Route the enginecoolant through this jacket. Install a fitting in the front enginecover to allow a portion of the crankcase ventilation air tobypass the rocker cover. Install fittings for various temperatureand pressure measureme
