1、Designation: D6891 13aStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVASpark-Ignition Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil tocontrol camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition en
3、gines equippedwith an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. Thistest method is designed to simulate extended engine idlingvehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses aNissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobewear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelv
4、elobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear andmeasurement of iron wear metal concentration in the usedengine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution ofcrankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and totaloil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validityof
5、the test results.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, orsingle source equipment specified.1.3 This
6、 standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 forspecif
7、ic safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum P
8、roducts(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D3525 Test Method for Gasol
9、ine Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-
10、AES)D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn2003)4E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples2.2 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System51This test m
11、ethod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition ap
12、proved in 2013 as D6891 13. DOI:10.1520/D6891-13A.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMTest Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,Attention: Administrator
13、. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporates allInformation Letters through No. 131.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summa
14、ry page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 1
15、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.3 SAE Standards:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassification6SAE J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust GasEmissions Measurement62.4 ASME Standard:B46.1 Standard for Surface Texture (Sur
16、face Roughness,Waviness, and Lay)72.5 JASO Standard:M 328-95 Valve-train Wear Test Procedure for EvaluatingAutomobile Gasoline Engine Oils82.6 CEC Standard:CEC-L-38-A-94 Peugeot TU-3M/KDX Valve-train ScuffingWear Test93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blowby, nthat portion of the combustion produc
17、tsand unburned air/fuel mixture that leaks past piston rings intothe engine crankcase during operation.3.1.2 calibration test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable results. Sub. B Glossary103.1.2.1 DiscussionIn s
18、everal automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center providestesting guidance and determines acceptability.3.1.3 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.3.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting fac
19、ilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D58443.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assessment length, nthe length of surface overwhich measurements are made.3.2.2 break-in, ninitial engine operation t
20、o reach stabili-zation of the engine performance after new parts are installedin the engine.3.2.3 cam lobe wear, nthe sum of the wear determined atthe following locations (nose is zero location): (1)14camdegrees before the nose, (2) 10 before the nose, (3) 4 beforethe nose, (4) at the nose, (5) 4 af
21、ter the nose, (6) 10 after thenose, (7) 14 after the nose.3.2.4 cam nose wear, nthe maximum linear deviation of aworn nose profile from the unworn profile; the nose is the highlift point on the particular cam lobe.3.2.5 flushing, nthe installation of a fresh charge oflubricant and oil filter for the
22、 purpose of running the engine toreduce and eliminate remnants of the previous oil charge.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFlushing may be carried out in aniterated process to ensure a more thorough process of reducingprevious oil remnants.3.2.6 reference line, na deduced, leveled, straight linedrawn on the profil
23、ometer graph, from the front unwornaverage edge of a cam lobe to the rear unworn average edge ofthat cam lobe.3.2.7 valve-train, na mechanical engine subsystem com-prised of the camshaft, the rocker arms, hydraulic lashadjusters, the poppet valves, and valve-springs.3.2.8 wavenesstotal,nthe maximum
24、excursion of the wornsurface as graphically measured normal to the reference line.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test Numbering SchemeUse the test numberingscheme shown below:AAAAABBBBBCCCCCAAAAA represents the stand number. BBBBB representsthe number of tests since the last calibration test on that s
25、tand.CCCCC represents the total number of Sequence IVA testsconducted on that stand. For example, 6-10-175 represents the175th Sequence IVA test conducted on test stand 6 and thetenth test since the last calibration test. Consecutively numberall tests. Number the stand calibration tests beginning wi
26、th zerofor the BBBBB field. Multiple-length Sequence IVA tests aremultiple runs for test numbering purposes, such as double-length tests which are counted as two runs and triple-lengthtests which are counted as three runs. For example, if test1-3-28 is a doubled-length test, number the next test con
27、ductedon that stand 1-5-30.4.2 Test EngineThis procedure uses a fired 1994 modelNissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of2.389 L.11,12The engine features a single overhead camshaftwith sliding follower rocker arms, with two inta
28、ke valves andone exhaust valve per cylinder, and hydraulic lash adjusters.The camshaft is not phosphate-coated or lubrited.4.3 Test StandCouple the test engine (devoid of alternator,cooling fan, water pump, clutch and transmission) to aneddy-current dynamometer for precise control of engine speedand
29、 torque. Specify the combined inertia of the driveline anddynamometer to ensure reproducible transient ramping ofengine speed and torque. Control the intake air, provided to theengine air filter housing, for temperature, pressure, and humid-ity. Mount the engine similar to its vehicle orientation (t
30、ilted up5.5 in front; sideways 10 up on intake manifold side; bottomof oil sump horizontal). Modify the engine ECM wiringharness, sensors, and actuators. The test stand plumbing shall6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.7Available from
31、 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.8Available from Japanese Standards Organization (JSA), 4-1-24 AkasakaMinato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-8440, Japan.9Available from the Coordinating European Council for the Development ofPe
32、rformance Tests Transportation Fuels, Lubes, and other Fluids, Madou Plaza , 25Floor Place, Madou B-1210, Brussels, Belgium.10Available from ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.11The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to t
33、he committee at this timeis Nissan North American, Inc., P.O. Box 191, Gardena, CA 90248-0191.12If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical co
34、mmittee,1which you may attend.D6891 13a2conform to the diagrams shown in AnnexA3. Install the engineon a test stand equipped with computer control of enginespeed, torque, various temperatures, pressures, flows, and otherparameters outlined in the test procedure (see Section 11).4.4 Test SequenceAfte
35、r engine break-in or after thecompletion of a previous test, install a new test camshaft androcker arms. Charge the fresh test oil to the engine and conducttwo flushes. After completing both flushes, drain the used oil,and weigh and install the fresh test oil and filter. Conduct thetest for a total
36、of 100 h, with no scheduled shutdowns. Thereare two operating conditions, Stage I and Stage II; Stage I for50 min and Stage II for 10 min comprise one test cycle. Thetest length is 100 cycles.4.5 Analyses ConductedAfter test, measure the camshaftlobes using a surface profilometer. From these graphic
37、al profilemeasurements, determine the maximum wear at seven loca-tions on the cam lobe. Determine individual cam lobe wear bysumming the seven location wear measurements. Average thewear from the twelve cam lobes for the final, primary testresult. After test completion, determine the oil consumption
38、 bythe mass of used oil versus the fresh oil charged to the engine(including oil filter). Analyze the end of test used oil for fueldilution, kinematic viscosity, and wear metals. Retain a finaldrain sample of 1 Lfor 90 days. Retain the camshaft and rockerarms for six months.5. Significance and Use5.
39、1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotivelubricants effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overheadvalve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.NOTE 1This test method may be used for engine oil specifications,such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.6.
40、 ApparatusNOTE 2Coordination with the ASTM Committee D02, SubcommitteeB, Sequence IVA Surveillance Panel is a prerequisite to the use of anyequivalent apparatus. However, the intent is to permit reasonable adapta-tion of existing laboratory facilities and equipment. Figures are providedthroughout th
41、e test method to suggest appropriate design details and depictsome of the required apparatus.6.1 Test EngineThis test method uses a fired 1994 modelNissan KA24E, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, portfuel-injected gasoline engine with a displacement of2.389 L.11,12See Annex A2 for a parts l
42、ists. Nominal oil sumpvolume is 3.5 L. The cylinder block is constructed of cast iron,while the cylinder head is aluminum. The engine features asingle overhead camshaft with sliding follower rocker arms,with two intake valves and one exhaust valve per cylinder, andhydraulic lash adjusters. The camsh
43、aft is not phosphate-coatedor lubrited. The rocker arm contact pad material is powderedmetal. The engine compression ratio is 8.6 to 1. Rate the engineat 198 Nm torque at 4400 r/min. The ignition timing andmulti-port fuel injection system is ECM. Fuel the engine witha specially blended, non-detergen
44、t unleaded reference gasoline.Make the EGR non-operable.6.1.1 Engine Buildup and Measurement AreaThe ambientatmosphere of the engine buildup and measurement areas shallbe reasonably free of contaminants and maintained at auniform temperature. Maintain the specific humidity at auniform level to preve
45、nt the accumulation of rust on engineparts. Use uniform temperatures to ensure repeatable dimen-sional measurements. Use a sensitive surface profilometerinstrument to measure the wear of the cam lobes, and place theprofilometer on a base-plate free of external vibrations.6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaT
46、he laboratory ambient at-mosphere shall be reasonably free of contaminants and generalwind currents, especially if and when the valve-train parts areinstalled while the engine remains in the operating area. Thetemperature and humidity level of the operating area is notspecified.6.1.3 Parts Cleaning
47、AreaThis test method does notspecify the ambient atmosphere of the parts cleaning area(WarningUse adequate ventilation in areas while usingsolvents and cleansers).6.2 External Engine ModificationsModify the test enginefor the valve-train wear test. Make the exhaust gas recircula-tion non-operable. D
48、isable the swirl control actuator. Disablethe fast idle system and the auxiliary air control (AAC) valve.Replace the engine coolant temperature sensor by a fixedresistor. Modify the engine water-pump to incorporate anexternal electric-driven water-pump. Do not use the water-pump fan blade and coolin
49、g radiator. Remove the alternator.Install an oil cooler (water-to-oil heat exchanger) at the oilfilter housing, as shown in Annex A3. Modify the enginewiring harness. Install fittings for various temperature andpressure measurements as required by the test method. Placethe Nissan production rocker cover with a specially manufac-tured aluminum jacketed rocker cover. Route the enginecoolant through this jacket. Install a fitting in the front enginecover to allow a portion of the crankcase ventilation air tobypass the rocker cover.6.2.1 Non-Opera
