1、Designation: D 6898 03An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity by an Injection Pump Rig1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAll diesel fuel injection equipment relies, to some extent, on diesel fuel as a lubricant. Shor
3、tenedlife of diesel fuel injection pumps and injectors from wear caused by excessive friction has sometimesbeen ascribed to lack of lubricity in the fuel. This test assesses the lubricity of a fuel by operation ofthe fuel in a typical fuel injection system comprised of injection pump, high pressure
4、pipes, andinjectors on a pump test rig bench. The test models an actual commercial application of suchequipment. The pump performance is evaluated on a test bench meeting SAE J1668 requirements.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers evaluating the lubricity of dieselfuels using a pump rig test and Stan
5、adyne Model DB4427-4782 pumps.NOTE 1Other pumps may be used if a correlation between pumpperformance factors and fuel lubricity has been developed.1.2 This test method is applicable to any fuel used in dieselengines, including those which may contain a lubricity enhanc-ing additive.1.3 The values st
6、ated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regu
7、latory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 329 Specification for Acetone2D 362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene3D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products4D 4177 Practice for Auto
8、matic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products4D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace Contamination4D 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)5D 6079 Test Method for Evaluati
9、ng Lubricity of DieselFuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)52.2 SAE Standards:6SAE J967 Calibration Fluid for Diesel Injection EquipmentSAE J968/1 Diesel Injection Pump TestingPart 1: Cali-brating Nozzles and Holder AssembliesSAE J1418 Fuel Injection PumpsHigh Pressure Pipes(Tubing) f
10、or TestingSAE J1668 Diesel EnginesFuel Injection Pump Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 boundary lubrication, na condition in which thefriction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion aredetermined by the properties of the surfaces and the propert
11、iesof the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.3.1.1.1 DiscussionMetal to metal contact occurs and thechemistry of the system is involved. Physically adsorbed orchemically reacted soft films (usually very thin) supportcontact loads. Consequently, some wear is inevitable.3.1.2 lubricity, na qu
12、alitative term describing the abilityof a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, surfaces inrelative motion under load.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, the lubricity of afluid is evaluated by comparing critical pump componentdimensions, fuel flow rate and transfer pump pressures before
13、and after testing under defined and controlled conditions. Acomputed value known as pump lubricity value (PLV) results.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-A
14、viation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.3Discontinued. See 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.6Available
15、from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 roller-to-roller (R-R), na linear measurement ofopposing pumping plungers in an injectio
16、n pump when pres-surized to force the plungers outward against the adjustablestop mechanism.3.1.4 transfer pump (TP), na vane type low pressuresupply pump internal to an injection pump.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Prior to the start of the 500 h test, the roller-to-roller(R-R) dimension and transfer
17、 pump (TP) blade thickness aremeasured on two new or rebuilt pumps. The fuel flow(mm3/stroke) and TP pressure (kPa) of each pump are mea-sured at 100 rpm increments from 1000 to 2200 rpm.4.2 The pumps are mounted on the test bench and athorough flushing process is performed. The test fuel(s) arestor
18、ed in epoxy-lined containers (55 U.S. gal drums aresuitable) which are plumbed to the test bench.4.3 The pumps are operated at 1100 rpm for 500 h at thespecified test conditions.4.4 The pumps are removed from the test bench and thepre-test measurements are repeated.4.5 The pre- and post- test data a
19、re used to compute thepump lubricity value (PLV).5. Significance and Use5.1 Diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance onlubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shortened life ofengine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps andinjectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubr
20、icity in adiesel fuel.5.2 Pump Lubricity Value (PLV) test results generally rankfuel effects on diesel injection system pump component dis-tress due to wear in the same order as Bosch, Lucas, Stana-dyne, and Cummins in-house rig tests.7In these fuel/hardwaretests, boundary lubrication is believed to
21、 be a factor in theoperation of the component.5.3 The PLV is sensitive to contamination of the fluids andtest materials and the temperature of the test. Lubricityevaluations are also sensitive to trace contaminants acquiredduring test fuel sampling and storage.5.4 Test Methods D 6078 and D 6079 are
22、two methods forevaluating diesel fuel lubricity. No absolute correlation hasbeen developed between these two test methods, or betweeneither of these methods and the PLV.5.5 The PLV may be used to evaluate the relative effective-ness of a fluid for preventing wear under the prescribed testconditions.
23、5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundarylubrication properties. While viscosity effects on lubricity arenot totally eliminated, they are minimized.5.7 This test can indicate whether or not an additive willimprove the lubricity of a poor lubricity fuel.6. Apparatus6.1 Test PumpsThe test
24、pumps are Stanadyne 4-cylindermodel DB4427-4782 pump8(see Fig. 1). Providing they meetthe Stanadyne DB4427-4782 specifications (see Fig. 2), thepumps can be new or rebuilt. The test pump must always usenew head and rotor, and TP assemblies. While a single pumpcan be tested, the preferred method is t
25、o test two pumpssimultaneously with the same test fuel.7Nikanjam, M., Crosby, T., Henderson, P., Gray, C., Meyer, K., and Davenport,N., “ISO Diesel Fuel Lubricity Round Robin Program,” SAE Paper 952372, Oct.16-19, 1995.8The sole source of supply of the pumps known to the committee at this time isSta
26、nadyne Automotive Corp., 92 Deerfield Rd., Windsor, CT 06095-2409, or aregistered service dealer. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please providethis information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical co
27、mmittee1, whichyou may attend.Trademark of STANADYNE Diesel SystemsFIG. 1 Schematic of Stanadyne Model DB4427-4782 PumpD68980326.2 Performance Test BenchAn SAE J1668 test bench isused for performance testing of each test pump.6.3 Calibrating InjectorA calibrating nozzle and holderassembly with a sin
28、gle hole orifice plate, in accordance withSAE J968/1, is used for performance testing of each test pump.6.4 Pump Test RigThe pump test rig consists of an electricmotor driven test bench capable of driving two test pumpssimultaneously at a specified speed (see Fig. 3). The test rig isequipped with st
29、ainless steel low pressure piping with fuel inletpipes from a drum of test fuel. Boost pumps in the inlet linespump fuel through fuel filters to the inlet of the test pumps.Fuel is discharged from the test pumps through specified insidediameter and length high pressure pipe, to the specifiedinjector
30、s. The injectors are housed in accumulators to collectthe discharged fuel and return it to the drum. Thus the fuelsystem is closed and the fuel continuously recirculates. The testrig is operated in a room with an ambient temperature of 24 63C.6.5 Electric Motor, an adjustable speed motor capable ofp
31、roducing speeds to 1500 rpm and a torque of 122 N-m.6.6 Low Pressure Piping, 9.5 mm inside diameter stainlesssteel tubing of whatever length is needed for the application.6.7 Boost Pumps, pumps which operate at 14 to 34 kPa andpump 76 to 114 L/h.6.8 Fuel Filters, Stanadyne model 1009or John Deere RF
32、624118.9Available from Stanadyne Automotive Corp., 92 Deerfield Rd., Windsor, CT06095-2409, or a registered service dealer.Trademark of STANADYNE Diesel SystemsAll speeds are in engine rpm unless otherwise noted.Use latest revision for all Referenced Documents.FIG. 2 Injection Pump Specification (Se
33、rvice/Assembly) Model No.: DB4427-4782D68980336.9 Filter Head/Fuel Handler, Stanadyne 332609for attach-ment of fuel filters.6.10 High Pressure PipesHP pipes in accordance withSAE J1418 are 1.6 6 0.025 mm inside diameter 3 640 6 5mm long with a nominal outside diameter of 6 mm and aminimum central li
34、ne bend radius of 16 mm for both theperformance testing and the test rig testing testing.NOTE 2SAE J1418 specifies the length of this tubing as 600 6 5mmbut 640 mm is required in these applications.6.11 Test Rig InjectorsThe test rig injectors are Stanadynep/n 273369(see Fig. 4). These injectors are
35、 known as engineinjectors as compared to calibrating injectors.6.12 Accumulator, a stainless steel box, into which theinjectors are screwed, that has a line to return the injected fuelback to the drum (see Fig. 5).6.13 Micrometer, 25.4 to 50.8 mm with a resolution of0.001 mm and an accuracy of 0.003
36、 mm to measure the R-Rdimension.6.14 Point Micrometer, 0 to 25.4 mm with a resolution of0.001 mm and an accuracy of 0.003 mm to measure thethickness of the TP blades.6.15 R-R Setting Fixture, a special tool available fromStanadyne.96.16 Electronic Control Unit, any commercially availableunit capable
37、 of operating the test rig.6.17 Tachometers, used to measure the rpm of the testpumps.6.18 Thermocouples, used to measure air temperature, andfuel temperatures in the drum, after the boost pump, after theDB4427-4782 pumps, and in the fuel return lines.6.19 Pressure Transducers, used to measure the p
38、ressureafter the boost pump and after the DB4427-4782 pumps.6.20 Flow Meters, used to measure the fuel flow through theDB4427-4782 pumps.6.21 Level Sensor, used to monitor the level of fuel in thedrum.6.22 Hydrocarbon Gas Detector, used to monitor for poten-tially explosive vapors in the room.6.23 F
39、lushing Adapters, necessary fittings and adapters tobypass the fuel filter, connect the fuel pump inlet directly to theHP pipes, and connect the HP pipes to the accumulator. Theseadapters are used to flush the test rig between fuel tests.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Acetone, conforming to Specificat
40、ion D 329.(WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flashfire.)7.2 Calibration Fluid, a fluid formulated from refined anddeodorized fuel stocks, meeting SAE J967 specifications, usedfor pump performance testing.7.3 Compressed Air, containing less than 0.1 ppmv hydro-carbons and 50 ppmv water. (W
41、arningCompressed gasunder high pressure. Use with extreme caution in the presenceof combustible material.)7.4 Flushing Fluid, 75/25 mixture of toluene and acetoneused to flush the pump test rig between fuel tests.7.5 Toluene, conforming to Specification D 362.(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.)8
42、. Sampling and Sample Containers8.1 Unless otherwise specified, take samples by the proce-dure described in Practice D 4057 or Practice D 4177.8.2 Because of the sensitivity of lubricity measurements totrace materials, sample containers shall be only fully epoxy-lined metal drums, cleaned and rinsed
43、 thoroughly at least threetimes with the product to be sampled before use, as specified inPractice D 4306.8.3 New sample containers are preferred, but if not avail-able, Practice D 4306 gives guidance on suitable cleaningprocedures.9. Preparation of Apparatus, Pumps, and EngineInjectors9.1 Disassemb
44、le a test pump in accordance with the instruc-tions in Stanadyne Publication 99689 to permit measurementof the R-R dimension and the TP blade thickness.9.2 Secure R-R setting fixture 19969 in vise and insert rotorassembly (see Fig. 6). Connect dry, clean, filtered compressedair source regulated to 4
45、.5 to 11.3 kPa to force the plungersoutward until the shoes contact the leaf springs. Using the 25.4to 50.8 micrometer, measure the distance between the outersurfaces of each pair of opposed rollers to the nearest 0.002mm. The R-R dimension must be 49.73 6 0.04 mm. The leafspring adjusting screws ca
46、n be turned clockwise to increase orcounterclockwise to decrease the dimension. The two dimen-sions must be within 0.08 mm of each other and the average ofthe two dimensions must be within 0.04 mm of 49.73 mm.9.2.1 ExampleOne pair of rollers measures 49.76 mmwhile the other measures 49.68 mm. The tw
47、o dimensions arewithin 0.08 mm of each other and the average of the 2dimensions, 49.72 is within 0.04 mm of 49.73 mm. If the R-Rdimensions meet the above specifications, they are suitable foruse in this test. Record the measured dimensions. If thedimensions do not meet the above specifications, new
48、shoeswill be required.NOTEThe system shown in this figure is a sixcylinder (six injectors)pump, while the test pump (see 6.1) is a fourcylinder application.FIG. 3 Test Rig Portable BenchD6898034FIG. 4 Injector SpecificationD68980359.3 Using a point micrometer measure and record to thenearest 0.002 m
49、m the thickness of the TP blades at three evenlyspaced points along the center of the face of the blade (alongline C in Fig. 7). If a blade thickness is #13.67 mm thick,replace it with a new blade. Using a vibrating pencil (in-scriber), place an identifying mark on each blade on the surfacejust under the spring hole (X in Fig. 7) for ease of identificationduring post-test measurements. Record the identifying markfor each blade with its thickness measurements.9.4 Reassemble the test pump and mount it on the SAEJ1668 test bench. Using the calibration fuel, conduc
