1、Designation: D 6923 05An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-CylinderDiesel EngineCaterpillar 1R Test Procedure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside as
3、sistance, can use the test procedure describedin this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides calibration oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratorywill know whether their use of the test method gives results
4、statistically similar to those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army has such a requirementin some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly
5、, this test method is written for those laboratoriesthat use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore thoseportions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMCmay modify this test method.3In addition, the TMC
6、may issue supplementary memoranda related tothe test method.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil undermodern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measuresthe oils deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance tooil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory usin
7、g astandardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.41.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is ther
8、esponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. Being an enginetest method, this test method does have definite hazards thatrequire safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).1.
9、4 The following is the Table of Contents:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapp
10、roved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 692303.2ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.3Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center(TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters.I
11、nformation letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This editionincorporates revisions in all information Letters through No. 051.4Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O.Box 6
12、10, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Scope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus and Installation 6Intake Air System 6.2.1Exhaust System 6.
13、2.2Fuel System 6.2.3Oil Consumption System 6.2.4Engine Oil System 6.2.5Engine Coolant System 6.2.6Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7Reagents and Materials 7Oil Samples 8Preparation of Apparatus 9General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1Complete Engine Inspection 9.2Copper Component 9.3Engine Lubricant System
14、Flush 9.4Engine Piston Cooling Jet 9.5Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6Cylinder Head 9.7Valve Guide Bushings 9.8Fuel Injector 9.9Piston and Rings 9.10Cylinder Liner 9.11Compression Ratio 9.12Engine Timing 9.13Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14Calibration and Standardization 10Test C
15、ell Instrumentation 10.1Instrumentation Standards 10.2Coolant Flow 10.3Fuel Injectors 10.4Air Flow 10.5Intake Air Barrel 10.6Fuel Filter 10.7Oil Scale Flow Rates 10.8Test Stand Calibration 10.9Re-calibration Requirements 10.9.1Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.9.2Test Run Numbering 10.10Hum
16、idity Calibration Requirements 10.11Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.12Procedure 11Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1Cool-down Procedure 11.2Warm-up Procedure 11.3Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4Periodic Measurements 11.5Engine Control Systems 11.6Engine Coolant 11.6.1Engine Fuel System 11.6.2Engine
17、Oil Temperature 11.6.3Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4Intake Air 11.6.5Post-Test Procedures 11.7Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1Piston Ratings 11.7.2Ring Gap End Increase 11.7.3Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.4Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.5Photographs 11.7.6Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12Test Vali
18、dity 12.1Calculations 12.4Quality Index 12.4.1Oil Consumption 12.4.2Report 13Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1Test Validity 13.2Report Specifics 13.3Precision and Bias 14Precision 14.1Bias 14.2Keywords 15AnnexesEngine and Parts Warranty Annex A1Instrument Locations, Measurements and Calculations Annex
19、A2Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5Oil System Annex A6Additional Report Forms Annex A7Engine Assembly and Inspection Information Annex A8Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A9Warm-up, Cool-dow
20、n and Testing Conditions Annex A10Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A11Return Goods Authorization Claim Form Annex A12AppendixesVarious Examples of Supplemental Information for Refer-ence PurposesAppendix X1Safety Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D 86 Test Method for D
21、istillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Sp
22、irits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Te
23、st Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
24、LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in MiddleDistillates by M
25、ass SpectrometryD 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan)
26、 Sulfur in Gaso-line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)5For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
27、Summary page onthe ASTM website.D6923052D 3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determina
28、tion byPotentiometric TitrationD 4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity ofTwo-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Indu
29、ctively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions6D 5844 Test
30、Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)6D 5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA DieselEngineD 5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils forRoller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel EngineD 5967
31、 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD 6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on theFuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-DutyTrucks inthe Sequence VIA Spark-Ignition EngineD 6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness ofDiesel Engine Oil at 135CD 6681 Te
32、st Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in aHigh Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar1P Test ProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etryG40 Terminology Relating to Wear
33、 and Erosion2.2 Coordinating Research Council:CRC Manual No. 2072.3 SAE Standard:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine ServiceClassification82.4 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide toCrankcase Oil Selection93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, na material adde
34、d to another, usually insmall amounts, to impart or enhance desirable properties or tosuppress undesirable properties. D 41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D 44853.1.3 blind reference oil,
35、na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil, which issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.D 58443.1.4 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture tha
36、t enterthe crankcase. D 53023.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which thetesting of reference material(s), conducted as specified in thestandard, provided acceptable test r
37、esults.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant stan-dard test methods, the TMC2provides testing guidance anddetermines acceptability. D 66813.1.7 candidate oil, nan oil which is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against
38、that specification. D 58443.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid con-taminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engineor resulting from wear. D 58623.1.9 dispersant, nin engine oil, an additive that reducesdeposits on oil-wetted surfaces primarily through suspension ofparti
39、cles. D 41753.1.10 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear,or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removesheat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves asa combustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.10.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain
40、 properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit forma-tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming are examples.D 58623.1.11 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximum
41、s.D 44853.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, betweenthem. D 58623.1.13 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually com-prising several ingredients, including a major portion of baseoil and minor portions of various additives. D
42、59663.1.14 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D 58443.1.15 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often
43、 manifested assludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof. D 66816Withdrawn.7Available from the Coordinating Research Council Inc., 3650 Mansell RoadSuite 140, Atlanta, GA 30022-8246.8Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwea
44、lthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.9Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005.D69230533.1.16 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, person or organiza-tion that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test method on aspecified product. D 62023.1.17 reference oil, nan o
45、il of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.17.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other material (such as seals) that interact with oils.D 58443.1.18 scoring, nin tribology, a se
46、vere form of wearcharacterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of sliding. G403.1.19 scuff, scuffng, nin lubrication, damage caused byinstantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relativemotion that does not result in immobilization of the parts.D 48633.1.2
47、0 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organizationthat is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used inthe test procedure portion of the test method.3.1.20.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a testmethod for chemical analysis, anASTM working group can bethe sponsor of the test method
48、. In other instances, a companywith a self-interest may or may not be the developer of the testprocedure used within the test method, but is the sponsor of thetest method. D 65943.1.21 used oil, nany oil that has been in a piece ofequipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, orturbine),
49、whether operated or not. D 41753.1.22 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 53023.1.23 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.23.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and it is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and chemical actions. D 53024. Summary of Test Method4.1 Prior to each test, the power section of the engine
