1、Designation: D6943 10D6943 15Standard Practice forImmersion Testing of Industrial Protective Coatings andLinings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6943; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes procedures for the evaluation of the resistance of industrial protective coatings to immers
3、ion inchemicals.1.2 Linings are a particular type of coating intended for protection of substrates from corrosion as a result of continuous orintermittent fluid immersion.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information only.1.
4、4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docum
5、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C868C267 Test MethodMethods for Chemical Resistance of Protective LiningsMortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings andPolymer ConcretesD16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ApplicationsD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD523 Test Metho
6、d for Specular GlossD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coati
7、ngsD1734 Practice for Making Cementitious Panels for Testing CoatingsD2200 Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards and Guides for Painting Steel SurfacesD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of
8、 a Barcol ImpressorD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD4138 Practices for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Protective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-SectioningMeansD4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Prof
9、ile of Blast Cleaned SteelD4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation FacilitiesD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersD5139 Specification for Sample Preparation for Qualification Testing of Coatings to be Used in
10、Nuclear Power PlantsD5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic SubstratesD6132 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an UltrasonicCoating Thickness Gage1 This practice is under the ju
11、risdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010June 1, 2015. Published March 2010August 2015. Originally approved in 2003. Last p
12、revious edition approved in 20032010 asD6943 - 03.D6943 10. DOI: 10.1520/D6943-10.10.1520/D6943-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstand
13、ards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accuratel
14、y, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D
15、6577 Guide for Testing Industrial Protective CoatingsD6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD7055 Practice for Preparation (by Abrasive Blast Cleaning) of Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Panels for Testing of CoatingsD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnet
16、ic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metalsand Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous MetalsD7234 Test Method for Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable Pull-Off Adhesion TestersG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetall
17、ic Materials2.2 NACE Standard:3TM 0174-2002 Laboratory Methods for the Evaluation of Protective Coatings and Lining Materials on Metallic Substrates inImmersion Service2.3 SSPC/NACE Joint Standards:4SSPC-SP5/NACE 1 White Metal Blast CleaningSSPC-SP10/NACE 2 Near White Blast CleaningSSPC-SP13/NACE 6
18、Surface Preparation of ConcreteSSPC Protective Coatings Glossary2.4 Other DocumentDocument:5Coating Encyclopedia Dictionary3. Terminology3.1 The definitions given in Terminologies D16, G113 and D4538 are applicable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 Protective coatings are used on metallic
19、and concrete storage and processing vessels, shipping containers, dams and rail carsto protect the substrate from corrosive attack and to protect stored materials (cargo) from contamination. This method provides ameans to assess the ability of a protective coating to resist degradation by chemicals
20、and to protect the liquid cargo fromcontamination by either the substrate or coating, based on visual observations. Other measures of degradation, such as changes inweight or dimensions of the coating material, or chemical changes to the cargo, may be used to assess this protective ability asmutuall
21、y agreed upon between contracting parties. Simple chemical-resistance evaluations of the lining materials may beperformed more conveniently by other pertinent methods as a prescreening test for this procedure in accordance with Test MethodsC267 and D471.4.2 This standard practice covers three approa
22、ches to conducting evaluations of a lining coating materialsmaterials fitness forpurpose.4.2.1 Method AEvaluation of specimens under conditions of constant temperature at atmospheric pressure, (that is, withouta thermal gradient).4.2.2 Method BEvaluation of specimens under conditions which providesp
23、rovide a temperature gradient across the sample:The temperature may increase from coated side to uncoated side (Method B1) or decrease from coated side to uncoated side(Method B2).sample.4.2.3 Method CEvaluation of specimens under conditions of constant temperature and increased pressure, (that is,
24、without athermal gradient).4.3 Exposure of materials of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test material is recommended.5. Preparation of Test Specimens5.1 Metallic Panels:5.1.1 Use carbon steel panels with a minimum test size of 50 by 100 mm (2 by 4 in.), minimum thickness 3 mm (
25、18 in.), unlessotherwise agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.NOTE 1Test plates with a minimum width of 25 mm (1 in.) may be used if the film thickness is sufficiently uniform to prevent edge effects.5.1.2 Use nominal 4.8 mm (316 in.) thick carbon steel panels in coating tests if a temperature grad
26、ient is included in theimmersion test, unless otherwise agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.5.1.3 The minimum surface preparation is abrasive blast cleaning to Near-White Metal condition as defined by Practice D2200and by SSPC-SP10/NACE 2. The abrasive and feed pressure shall be selected to produc
27、e an anchor pattern, which is compatiblewith the coating system and acceptable to the coating manufacturer.3 Available from NACE International (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, TX 77084-4906, http:/www.nace.org.4 Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor, Pit
28、tsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.5 Available from Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), 492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350, http:/www.coatingstech.org.D6943 1525.1.4 Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon by purchaser and seller, surface preparation shall be
29、“White Metal BlastCleaning” according to SSPC-SP5/NACE 1, with surface profile of 35 to 90 micrometers (1.5 to 3.5 mils) as determined by MethodC of Test Methods D4417. If the product recommendation falls outside of the range of Test Methods D4417 then prepare the testpanels in accordance with Pract
30、ice D7055.5.1.5 Other metallic substrates, panel dimensions, or surface preparation are acceptable if agreeable to concerned parties.5.2 Concrete and Cementitious Panels:5.2.1 Cementitious PanelsThe minimum panel size is 50 by 100 by 12 mm (2 by 4 by 12 in.). Prepare cementitious panelsby abrasive b
31、last cleaning in accordance with SSPC-SP13/NACE 6 or by other method agreed upon between purchaser andsupplier.5.2.2 Concrete BlocksForm, condition and prepare concrete blocks in accordance with the protocol described in Specifica-tionSpecifications D5139 or D1734. Prepare concrete blocks by abrasiv
32、e blast cleaning in accordance with SSPC-SP13/NACE 6or by other method agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.5.3 Coating Application:5.3.1 For panels to be fully immersed, apply the coating system to all test panel surfaces that will be subjected to exposure.5.3.2 Apply the coating system accor
33、ding to the manufacturersmanufacturers instructions appropriate for actual or anticipatedservice conditions. Edges should be protected unless the intent of the experiment is to evaluate the performance of the coating onedges. For coatings to be tested under Method A (immersion with no temperature gr
34、adient) or Method C (immersion at highpressure), apply the candidate coating to the back of the panel in addition to the front and the edges to prevent effects fromdissimilar coatings.5.3.3 Dry film thickness of the coating shall be agreed upon between purchaser and seller.5.3.3.1 Measure dry film t
35、hickness of coating applied to metal surfaces in accordance with Practice D7091.5.3.3.2 Measure dry film thickness of linings applied to concrete or cementitious surfaces in accordance with Test MethodD6132. Alternatively, Alternative 1, measure dry film thickness of linings applied to concrete or c
36、ementitious surfaces by usingsacrificial surfaces prepared concurrently with test specimens in accordance with Practices D4138. A second alternative is tosimultaneously prepare a steel panel, placed next to one of the concrete panels, and then measure its DFT in accordance withPractice D7091.5.3.4 E
37、xamine the coated surface for holidays in accordance with Practice D5162. For test plates and concrete blocks, noholidays are acceptable unless agreed upon between purchaser and seller.NOTE 2High-voltage holiday detection should not be used on linings that have been exposed.The test could be destruc
38、tive and may not be meaningfulsince the dielectric strength of the lining material may be changed by the exposure.5.3.5 Visually inspect the lining surface of all panels before test exposure is begun and note any gross imperfections such asvoids, cracks, runs or sags.5.3.6 If hardness is required de
39、termine before exposure by using a suitable standard such as Test Methods D785, D1474, D2240,D2583, or D3363 on an unexposed reference panel or in the case of an atlas cell in an area of the panel that will not be exposedto the test solution.6. Sampling6.1 Test chemicals are to be representative of
40、test materials expected in actual service.6.2 The concentration(s) of the chemical(s) shall be specified. Unless otherwise stated, all dilutions shall be made with distilled,demineralized or deionized water.6.3 If no concentration is specified, it is understood that the chemical is used in its undil
41、uted form.6.4 Prepare at least two test panels or blocks per coating system for each test material.6.5 Prepare at least one test panel or block per coating system to be used as an unexposed reference (file specimen).6.6 Exposure of materials of known performance (a control) at the same time as the t
42、est material is recommended.6.7 Retain an unused portion of each test medium as a blank.blank if analysis of the test solution is performed.7. Test MethodsNOTE 3This standard describes three methods for immersion testing of protective coatings and linings. Section 8 provides recommended examinationm
43、ethods and intervals between evaluations for the methods described below.7.1 Method AImmersion with No Temperature Gradient:7.1.1 Test Apparatus:7.1.1.1 Aclosed vessel constructed of glass or other inert material is used with capacity to hold one or more test specimens withmeans to relieve pressure
44、if operated at elevated temperatures.NOTE 4Slowly evaporating media may not require a closed vessel.7.1.1.2 Specimens should be positioned so as to avoid specimen to specimen contact.D6943 1537.1.1.3 For immersion at high or low temperature, insulation of the vessel is recommended. A separate test v
45、essel isrecommended for each type of coating system being evaluated. For elevated temperature immersion, an apparatus as described inNACE TM 0174-2002, Procedure B, is recommended.7.1.2 Test MediumThe test solution is selected to correspond with the anticipated service of the coating. Add enough of
46、thefluid to immerse one23 half to two34 thirds of the test panel. The fluid level should be checked at least once every 7 days. If morethan 5 % of the test fluid evaporates from the test vessel, add enough fluid to maintain the level and composition of the fluid.NOTE 5When solvent or water evaporate
47、s, ensure that the addition results in the same concentration as at the start of the test.7.1.3 Test ProcedureMaintain a temperature of 25 6 2C (77 6 4F) unless otherwise indicated by anticipated serviceconditions or by specification. Ensure that there is a minimum separation of 25 mm (1 in.) betwee
48、n panels in the vessel.7.2 Method BImmersion with Temperature GradientThe practice defines 2 types of temperature gradients: increasingtemperature from uncoated to coated side and decreasing temperature from uncoated to coated sideside.NOTE 6The specific equipment drawings and operation are describe
49、d in NACE TM 0174-2002, Procedure A.7.2.17.2.1 Method B1Temperature gradient with temperature increasing from uncoated to coated.7.2.1.1 Test ApparatusAspecial cylindrical glass test cell is used with multiple necks to provide inlets for thermometer, heaterand condenser. The test panel is coated on one side with the exterior exposed to the ambient environment. This setup provides atemperature gradient across the coating.NOTE 5The specific equipment drawings and operation are described in Test Method C868 and NACE TM 0174-2002, Procedure A.7.2.1
