1、Designation: D 6966 08Standard Practice forCollection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe SamplingMethods for Subsequent Determination of Metals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust onsurfaces using the wipe sampli
3、ng method. These samples arecollected in a manner that will permit subsequent extractionand determination of target metals in the wipes using labora-tory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry.1.2 This practice does not address the sampling designcriteria (that is, sampling plan which inclu
4、des the number andlocation of samples) that are used for clearance, hazardevaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide forvalid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples should beobtained as directed by a sampling plan.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and arenot
5、part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
6、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD 4840 Guide for Sample Chain-
7、of-Custody ProceduresE 1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Leadin Surface Dust3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms not listed here, see TerminologyD 1356.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 batch, na group of field or quality control (QC)samples that are collected or processed together at the
8、 sametime using the same reagents and equipment.3.2.2 sampling location, na specific area within a sam-pling site that is subjected to sample collection.3.2.2.1 DiscussionMultiple sampling locations are com-monly designated for a single sampling site (see 3.2.3).3.2.3 sampling site, na local geograp
9、hic area that containsthe sampling locations (see 3.2.2).3.2.3.1 DiscussionA sampling site is generally limited toan area that is easily covered by walking.3.2.4 wipe, na disposable towellette that is moistenedwith a wetting agent. (E 1792)3.2.4.1 DiscussionThese towellettes are used to collectsampl
10、es of settled dust on surfaces for subsequent determina-tion of metals content in the collected dust.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 field blank, na wipe (see 3.2.4) that is exposed to thesame handling as field samples except that no sample iscollected (no surface is actuall
11、y wiped).3.3.1.1 DiscussionAnalysis results from field blanks pro-vide information on the analyte background level in the wipe,combined with the potential contamination experienced bysamples collected within the batch (see 3.2.1) resulting fromhandling.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Wipe samples of settl
12、ed dust are collected on surfacesfrom areas of known dimensions with wipes satisfying certainrequirements, using a specified pattern of wiping.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality
13、.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6966 - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
14、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 The collected wipes are then ready for subsequentsample preparation and analysis for the measuremen
15、t of metalsof interest.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dustsamples for the subsequent measurement of target metals. Thepractice is meant for use in the collection of settled dustsamples that are of interest in clearance, hazard evaluation, riskasses
16、sment, and other purposes.5.2 This practice is recommended for the collection ofsettled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporoussurfaces. This practice is less effective for collecting settleddust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such asrough concrete, brickwork, textured ce
17、ilings, and soft fibroussurfaces such as upholstery and carpeting. Collection efficiencyfor metals such as lead from smooth, hard surfaces has beenfound to exceed 75 % (E 1792).6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Sampling TemplatesOne or more of the following: 10cm by 10 cm (minimum dimensions) reusable o
18、r disposablealuminum or plastic template(s), or disposable cardboardtemplates, (full-square, rectangular, square “U-shaped,” rect-angular “U-shaped,” or “L-shaped,” or both); or templates ofalternative areas having accurately known dimensions (seeNote 1). Templates shall be capable of lying flat on
19、a surface.NOTE 1For most surfaces, it is recommended to collect settled dustfrom a minimum surface area of 100 cm2to provide sufficient material forsubsequent laboratory analysis. However, larger areas (for example, 30 cmby 30 cm) may be appropriate for surfaces having little or no visiblesettled du
20、st, while a smaller sampling area (for example, 10 cm by 10 cm)may be appropriate for surfaces with high levels of visible settled dust. Itis recommended to have a suite of templates with various samplingdimensions.6.2 Wipes, for collection of settled dust samples fromsurfaces. Wipes shall be indivi
21、dually wrapped and fully wetted.The background metal(s) content of the wipes should be as lowas possible. At a maximum, the background level of targetmetal(s) shall be no more than one-tenth the target concentra-tion the metal(s) to be measured.NOTE 2Wipes meeting the requirements of Specification E
22、 1792 maybe suitable.NOTE 3Wipes made of cellulosic materials in general produce feweranalysis problems than wipes made of synthetic polymeric materials.6.3 Sample Containers, sealable, rigid-walled, 30-mL mini-mum volume.NOTE 4Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of asuitable rigid-wal
23、led sample container.NOTE 5Use of a sealable plastic bag for holding and transporting thesettled dust wipe sample is not recommended due to the potential loss ofcollected dust within the plastic bag during transportation and laboratoryhandling. Quantitative removal and processing of the settled dust
24、 wipesample by the laboratory is significantly improved through the use ofsealable rigid-walled containers.6.4 Measuring Tool, tape or ruler, capable of measuring tothe nearest 60.1 cm.6.5 Plastic Gloves, powderless.6.6 Cleaning Cloths, for cleaning of templates and otherequipment.NOTE 6Wipes used f
25、or dust sampling (6.2) can be used for cleaningtemplates and other sampling equipment, but other cleaning cloths orwipes not meeting the requirements described in (6.2) may be suitable forthis purpose.6.7 Adhesive Tape, suitable for securing the template(s) tothe surface(s) to be sampled, and for de
26、marcating samplingareas if templates are not used.NOTE 7Masking tape, for example, functions well for these purposes.6.8 Disposable Shoe Covers, optional.7. Procedure7.1 Use one of the following two options when collectingsettled dust samples from each sampling location. For wide,flat locations, it
27、is recommended to use the template-assistedsampling procedure (see 7.1.1.2(a). For small locations (forexample, window sill, section of a piece of equipment, orportion of a vehicle interior), it will ordinarily be necessary touse the confined-area sampling procedure (see 7.1.1.2(b).NOTE 8Metal conta
28、mination problems during field sampling can besevere and may affect subsequent wipe sample analysis results. Contami-nation can be minimized through frequent changing of gloves, use of shoecovers (see 6.8), and regular cleaning of sampling equipment withcleaning cloths (see 6.6). Use of disposable s
29、hoe covers between differentlocations, and removal of them prior to leaving the sampling site orentering vehicles, can be helpful in minimizing inadvertent transfer ofcontaminated dust from one location to another.7.1.1 Sampling Procedure:7.1.1.1 Don a pair of clean, powderless, plastic gloves (see6
30、.5 and Note 8).7.1.1.2 Use either a template-assisted sampling procedure(a) or tape-defined sampling procedure (b):(a.) Carefully place a clean template on the surface to besampled in a manner that minimizes disturbance of settled dustat the sampling location. Tape the outside edge of the templateto
31、 prevent the template from moving during sample collection.(b.) Alternatively, mark the defined area to be sampled withadhesive tape (6.7) being careful not to disturb the settled dust,and measure the area to be sampled using the measuring tool(6.4).7.1.1.3 Obtain a wipe (6.2) and, if there is a pos
32、sibility forthe package containing the wipe to be contaminated with dust,clean the outside of the package with a cleaning cloth (6.6).7.1.1.4 Remove the wipe from its package, and inspect thewipe to ensure that it is fully wetted and not contaminated withdust or other material. Discard the wipe if i
33、t is found to be toodry or contaminated, or both.7.1.1.5 Using an open flat hand with the fingers together,place the wipe on the surface to be sampled. Wipe the selectedsurface area, side to side, in an overlapping “S” or “Z” patternwhile applying pressure to the fingertips (refer to Figs. 1 and2).
34、Wipe the surface so that the entire selected surface area iscovered. Perform the wiping procedure using the fingers andnot the palm of the hand.7.1.1.6 Repeat 7.1.1.5 using a different brand of wipe (afterselecting a different sampling location) if the wipe originallyD6966082used significantly chang
35、es shape (for example, rolls up bycurling) or tears during the wiping process.NOTE 9Some surfaces (for example, rough surfaces) may causecertain wipes to curl up or otherwise significantly change shape during thewiping process. A type of wipe that maintains its integrity should beselected for each s
36、urface sampled.7.1.1.7 Fold the wipe in half with the collected dust sidefolded inward and repeat the preceding wiping procedure(7.1.1.5) within the selected sampling area using an up anddown overlapping “S” or “Z” pattern at right angles to the firstwiping (see Figs. 1 and 2 and Note 10).NOTE 10Wip
37、es are folded to envelop the collected dust within thewipe, to avoid loss of the collected dust, and to expose a clean wipesurface for further dust collection from the sampling location. For sampleareas containing large amounts of settled dust, carefully wipe the area toensure as much dust as possib
38、le within the wipe is captured.7.1.1.8 Fold the wipe in half again with the collected dustside folded inward and repeat the wiping procedure one moretime, concentrating on collecting settled dust from edges andcorners within the selected surface area (see Figs. 1 and 2 andNote 10).7.1.1.9 Fold the w
39、ipe again with the collected dust sidefolded inward and insert the wipe into a sample container (6.3).7.1.1.10 Label the sample container with sufficient informa-tion to uniquely and indelibly identify the sample.7.1.1.11 Record the dimensions (in square centimetres) ofthe selected sampling area (th
40、at is, the internal dimensionsdefined by the template or the taped area) or that the sample isa blank.7.1.1.12 Discard the gloves.7.2 Collect field blanks at a minimum frequency of 5 % (atleast one field blank for every 20 wipe samples collected). Theminimum number of field blanks to collect for eac
41、h batch ofwipe samples used shall be three. Place field blanks in samplecontainers and label these samples in the same fashion as thecollected surface dust samples (see 7.1.1.10).NOTE 1Only the center of the wiping path is shown, not the entire wiping width. Fig. 1a) shows the first “S” wiping patte
42、rn over the surface areato be sampled; Fig 1b) demonstrates the second “S” wiping course over the surface; and Fig. 1c) shows the final wiping which is targeted toward edgesand corners.FIG. 1 Schematic of a Side-to-Side Overlapping “S” Wiping PatternNOTE 1Only the center of the wiping path is shown,
43、 not the entire wiping width. Fig. 2a) shows the first “Z” wiping pattern over the surface areato be sampled; Fig 2b) demonstrates the second “Z” wiping course over the surface; and Fig. 2c) shows the final wiping which is targeted toward edgesand corners.FIG. 2 Schematic of a Side-to-Side Overlappi
44、ng “Z” Wiping PatternD69660837.3 Follow sampling chain of custody procedures to ensuresample traceability. Ensure that the documentation whichaccompanies the samples is suitable for a chain of custody tobe established in accordance with Guide D 4840.8. Records8.1 Field data related to sample collect
45、ion shall be docu-mented in a sample log form or field notebook (see Note 11).If field notebooks are used, then they shall be bound withpre-numbered pages.All entries on sample data forms and fieldnotebooks shall be made using ink, with the signature and dateof entry. Any entry errors shall be corre
46、cted by using only asingle line through the incorrect entry (no scratch outs),accompanied by the initials of the person making the correc-tion, and the date of the correction (see Note 12).NOTE 11Field notebooks are useful for recording field data evenwhen preprinted sample data forms are used.NOTE
47、12These procedures are important to properly document andtrace field data.8.2 At a minimum, the following information shall bedocumented:8.2.1 Project or client name, address, and city/state/countrylocation.8.2.2 General sampling site description.8.2.3 Information as to the specific collection proto
48、col used(for example, template-assisted; “Z”-wiping pattern, etc.).8.2.4 Information as to the specific type or brand of wipesused, including manufacturer and lot number.8.2.5 Information on quality control (QC) samples: whichsamples are associated with what group of field blanks.8.2.6 For each samp
49、le collected (including field blanks): anindividual and unique sample identifier and date of collection.This information shall be recorded on the sample container inaddition to the field documentation.8.2.7 For field samples (not including field blanks), recordin field documentation (field notebook or sample log form) thedimensions of each area sampled (in square centimetres).8.2.8 For each sample collected: name of person collectingthe sample, and specific sampling location information fromwhich the sample was removed.9. Keywords9.1 metals measurement; sample
