1、Designation: D 6970 03 (Reapproved 2008)An American National StandardStandard Practice forCollection of Calcined Petroleum Coke Samples forAnalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6970; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for the collection ofcalcined petroleum coke samp
3、les from conveyor belts ortransfer points. These samples may be used for physical andchemical analyses.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
4、any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4702 Practice for Quality Management of Mechan
5、icalCoal Sampling SystemsD 5709 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Petroleum Coke3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accuracygenerally, a term used to indicate thereliability of a sample, a measurement, or an observation.Specifically, a measure of closeness of agree
6、ment between anexperimental result and the true value.3.1.1.1 DiscussionExample: the observed and true sulfurcontent of a calcined petroleum coke consignment. Thismeasure is affected by chance errors as well as by bias.3.1.2 analysis samplethe reduced and divided representa-tive portion of the bulk
7、sample, prepared for use in thelaboratory.3.1.3 gross samplea sample representing one lot of petro-leum coke and composed of a number of increments on whichno reduction or division has been performed.3.1.4 incrementa small portion of a lot collected by oneoperation of a sampling device and normally
8、combined withother increments from the lot to make a gross sample.3.1.5 lota quantity of coke represented by a gross sample.3.1.6 representative samplea sample collected in such amanner that the size consist is the same as the lot.3.1.7 samplea quantity of petroleum coke taken from alarger quantity
9、for the purpose of estimating properties orcomposition of the larger quantity.3.1.8 sample preparationthe process that may includedrying, crushing, division, and mixing of a gross sample for thepurpose of obtaining an unbiased analysis sample.3.1.9 size consistthe particle size distribution of a mat
10、e-rial; for example, petroleum coke.3.1.10 top sizethe size of the smallest opening of onesieve of a series upon which is cumulatively retained a total ofless than 5 % of the sample. This defined top size is not to beconfused with the size of the largest particle in a lot.4. Significance and Use4.1
11、Data obtained from calcined petroleum coke samplesare used in commercial transactions, controlling plant opera-tions, and allocating production costs. Use of standard sam-pling procedures facilitates the task of obtaining a sample torepresent an entire lot of calcined petroleum coke.4.2 This practic
12、e gives general procedures for the collectionof calcined petroleum coke samples and is intended to provideuseful methodology for the collection of a sample to representa lot of calcined petroleum coke. The variety of calcinedpetroleum coke handling facilities and sampling applicationspreclude the pu
13、blication of detailed procedures for everysampling situation.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05 onProperties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved O
14、ct. 15, 2008. Published December 2008.Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 697003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
15、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Organization of Sampling Operation5.1 Place of Sampling:5.1.1 Sample calcined petroleum coke while it is beingloaded into or u
16、nloaded from railcars, ships, barges, or trucks,or when discharged from kilns, supply bins, grab buckets, beltconveyors, or other conveying equipment. The sample shouldbe collected as close to the point of interest as possible.5.1.2 Samples collected from the stationary surface ofcalcined petroleum
17、coke in stockpiles, bins, railcars, trucks,ships, or barges may be unreliable because of size segregationand shall not be used for determining conformance to specifi-cations unless the purchaser and the seller agree. If it isnecessary to collect a stationary sample of calcined petroleumcoke, use a s
18、ampling method mutually acceptable to allinvolved parties.5.2 Collection of Gross Sample:5.2.1 Collect increments systematically, and with such fre-quency to produce a representative sample mutually acceptableto all involved parties.5.2.2 It is recommended the gross sample contain at leastthe requir
19、ed minimum number of increments as outlined inTable 1.5.2.3 The quantity of sample to be taken assumes that thetop size of the coke is 25 mm (1 in.) or less.5.3 Four Conditions of Increment Collection are Recog-nized:5.3.1 Condition A (stopped-belt cut), in which a loadedconveyor belt is stopped and
20、 a full cross-section cut withparallel sides is removed from the calcined petroleum cokestream. The distance between the parallel faces shall not be lessthan three times the normal top size of the calcined petroleumcoke.5.3.2 Condition B (full-stream cut), in which a full crosssection cut is removed
21、 from a moving stream of calcinedpetroleum coke either by manual or mechanical means.5.3.3 Condition C (part-stream cut), in which a portion, nota full cross section, is removed from a moving stream ofcalcined petroleum coke.5.3.4 Condition D (stationary sampling), in which a portionof calcined petr
22、oleum coke is collected from a pile, a rail car,a barge, truck, or a shiphold.5.4 Size of Increments:5.4.1 Collect increments using a specially designed tool ormechanical device capable of taking increments of equal mass.Increments comprising a gross sample shall not weigh less than2 kg (4.4 lb) eac
23、h.5.5 Quantities Represented:5.5.1 Collect a gross sample for each 2000 metric tons orfraction thereof, or in case of larger tonnage, as may bemutually agreed upon by all involved parties. Practical expe-rience, however, indicates the maximum size of a lot ofcalcined petroleum coke to be represented
24、 by one gross sampleshall not exceed 15 000 metric tons (see Table 1). Separatesamples shall be taken from each lot of calcined petroleumcoke arising from a different source or known to be of differentquality or size.5.6 Distribution of Increments:5.6.1 It is essential that the increments be distrib
25、utedthroughout the lot to be sampled. This distribution is related tothe entire volume of the lot, not merely its surface or any lineardirection through it or over it. If circumstances prevent thesampler from applying this principle, then the lot is sampledonly in part, and the gross sample is repre
26、sentative only of thispart. The spacing of increments shall be varied if the possibilityexists that increment collection may get in phase with thesequence of calcined petroleum coke variability. Example:routine sampling where increment collection from a continuousstream (conveyor belt), and where in
27、crement collection isautomatic and its sequence coincides with the highs or lows inthe content of fines.6. Sampling Requirements6.1 Dimensions of Sampling DeviceThe opening of thesampling device shall be at least three times the top-size of thecalcined petroleum coke. For practical reasons, however,
28、 it isrecommended that the opening of any sampling device be notless than 32 mm (114 in.), regardless of the top size of thecalcined petroleum coke. The sampling device shall be ofsufficient capacity to completely retain or entirely pass theincrement without loss or spillage at the maximum flow rate
29、 ofmaterial.6.2 Movement of Sampling DeviceIn sampling from mov-ing streams of calcined petroleum coke, the sampling device,either mechanical or manual, shall be designed to minimizedisturbance of the calcined petroleum coke, thereby avoidingseparation of various densities and sizes, or both.6.3 Mec
30、hanical Sampling Devices:6.3.1 Cross-stream SamplersThe cross-stream sampler isdesigned to extract increments from falling streams of calcinedpetroleum coke at the end of conveyors or at transfer pointsbetween two conveyors, or both. Increments are obtained by asingle passage of the cross-stream cut
31、ting device through thefalling stream. Cross-stream cutter speeds must be carefully setand maintained so as to prevent segregation and rejection dueto disturbance of the falling stream. Cutter speeds of 454 mm/s(18 in./s) and less have been shown to produce acceptableresults. Additionally, the cutte
32、r must traverse the stream at aconstant velocity and also for each pass.6.3.2 Sweep-arm SamplersThe sweep-arm sampler is de-signed to extract increments directly from the conveyor sur-face. Increments are obtained by a single rotation of thesweep-arm cutting device across the moving, loaded conveyor
33、in a path perpendicular to its material flow. Practical experi-ence indicates that the velocity with which the sweep-armcutter travels across the conveyor shall be as high as possible.The conveyor belt curvature shall be reasonably profiled tomatch that of the bottom of the sweep-arm cutter as it ro
34、tatesacross the material flow. Any blades, brushes, or skirts fitted tothe back of the sweep-arm cutter shall be routinely inspectedand adjusted so that they maintain close contact with theTABLE 1 Minimum Increments Required Per LotSample Lot, metric tons Number of Increments1 to 2000 152001 to 5000
35、 205001 to 10 000 2510 001 to 15 000 30D 6970 03 (2008)2surface of the conveyor to further insure complete incrementextraction. Exercise care to ensure that only material collectedby the cutter is retained in the sample.6.4 Mechanical System Features:6.4.1 It is essential that mechanized systems as
36、a whole,including sampling devices, chutes, feed conveyors, crushers,and other devices be self-cleaning and non-clogging and bedesigned in a manner that facilitates routine inspection, main-tenance, and performance testing.6.4.2 If a secondary sampler is used in conjunction with theprimary sampler (
37、cutter), it is recommended to collect aminimum of three secondary increments per primary.6.5 Criteria of Satisfactory PerformanceA satisfactorysampling arrangement is one that produces a sample withaccuracy acceptable to all involved parties. One fundamentalcharacteristic of such an arrangement is t
38、hat the size consist ofthe sample will adequately represent the true size consist of thecalcined petroleum coke. Mechanical sampling systems will beperformance tested initially and at regular intervals thereafterto determine that the sample adequately represents the calcinedpetroleum coke under the
39、normal range of conditions expected.Performance testing can include, but is not limited to: (1)Statistically sound comparisons of sample analysis obtainedfrom the sampling system with stopped-belt samples of thesame calcined petroleum coke; (2) inspections by qualifiedpersonnel; (3) comparison of ac
40、tual versus calculated incre-ment weights; and (4) comparison of the weight or volume ofcollected sample with that of the total flow of calcinedpetroleum coke to assure proper and consistent extractioncriteria. In all cases, performance testing will be conductedutilizing consistent practice and exec
41、ution acceptable to allinterested parties.NOTE 1See Guide D 4702 which can serve as a reference for theinspection of mechanical sampling systems.6.6 Preservation of MoistureIn cases where determina-tion of sample moisture is important, increments obtained bysampling shall be protected from changes i
42、n composition dueto exposure to rain, snow, wind, sun, contact with absorbentmaterials, extremes of temperature, and excessive air flowthrough the sampling system. Such samples shall be stored inmoisture-tight containers. Metal cans with airtight lids, orheavy vapor-impervious bags, properly sealed,
43、 are satisfactoryfor this purpose.7. Processing of the Test Sample7.1 Since some analyses must be performed on the unpre-pared calcined petroleum coke and others on crushed orpulverized material, prior knowledge of the analytical require-ments is necessary before beginning sample preparation.7.2 Pro
44、cess the samples collected for sieve analysis ofcalcined petroleum coke in accordance with the proceduregiven in Test Method D 5709.7.3 Process the samples taken for the determination of totalmoisture and chemical analysis in accordance with the proce-dure given in D 6969, “Draft Standard Practice f
45、or the Prepa-ration of Calcined Petroleum Coke Samples for Analysis.”8. Keywords8.1 calcined petroleum coke; sample preparation; samplingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this sta
46、ndard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years an
47、dif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,
48、which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6970 03 (2008)3
