1、Designation: D 6987/D 6987M 05aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-10 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6987/D 6987M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear o
2、f original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the MackT-10
3、.2This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics,including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinderliners.1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for runningan abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred
4、to asthe T-10A. The procedures for the T-10 and T-10Aare identicalwith the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnexA8.Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8refer to the corresponding section of the T-10 procedure.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
5、unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to addr
6、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A7 forspecific Safety Hazards.2. Referenced Do
7、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 13
8、0 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 445 Test Method for Kinemat
9、ic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petrol
10、eum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 250
11、0 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion
12、of Aviation FuelsD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Titration1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPet
13、roleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 698705.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will up
14、date changes in this testmethod by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all InformationLetters through 05-1. Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Admin-istrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu3For reference
15、d ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
16、shohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5186 Test Method for Det
17、ermination of Aromatic Con-tent and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuels andAviation Turbine Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatog-raphyD 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled
18、 withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, LightDuty Conditions4D 5453D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4D 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of D
19、ieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D 6483 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-9 Diesel EngineD 6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in aHigh Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar1P Test ProcedureE29 Practice for Using Sig
20、nificant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test
21、 facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.D 58443.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 53023.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the
22、indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification.D 58443.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (E
23、GR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). Automotive Handbook53.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D 44853.
24、1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engines,one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or closeto its peak output. D 44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 58443.1.9 non-standard te
25、st, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod, such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D 58443.1.10 oxidation, nof engine
26、 oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-duce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifestedas sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or a combination thereof. Sub. B Glossary63.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of kn
27、own performance char-acteristics and used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 58443.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion
28、engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D 53023.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test standusing the prescribed equipment acco
29、rding to the requirementsin the test method, and conducted according to the specifiedoperating conditions.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions insome test methods include requirements for determining atests operational validity. These requirements are applied aftera test is complete
30、d and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for theaverage values of primary and secondary parameters that arenarrower than the specified control ranges for the individualvalues, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary andsecondary parameters for the specified control ranges, (3)downtime limitati
31、ons, and (4) special parameter limitations.D 58443.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 53023.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.15.1 Discu
32、ssionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and chemical action. D 53024Withdrawn.5Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1.,Germany.6Available from the AST
33、M Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.D 6987/D 6987M 05a24. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).Awarm-up and a 1-h break-in are followed b
34、y a two-phase testconsisting of 75 h at 1800 r/min and 225 h at 1200 r/min, bothat constant speed and load.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble,solvent-clean (see 7.4), measure, and rebuild
35、the engine powersection using all new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, andconnecting rod bearings in strict accordance with furnishedspecifications.4.4 Solvent-clean (see 7.4) the engine crankcase and replaceworn or defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling
36、 speed, load, and various engine operating condi-tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wearperformance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooledfour-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR. Obtain resultsfrom used oil analysis and component measurements
37、beforeand after the test.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps,
38、P/N 11GBA81025 (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber,in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The bore and strokeare 124 by 165 mm 478 by 612 in., and the displacement is 12L 728 in3.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyf
39、ree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Th
40、e Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-10 Test EngineThe engine is available fromMack Trucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA2.1.Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, for every test to limit scaling in
41、the cooling system.Pressurize the system to 103 kPa 15 psi at the expansion tank.Use the coolant shown in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prev
42、ent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the coolant from the engine
43、block fitting to theEGR coolers (see Fig. A1.3). Return the EGR coolant flow tothe engine coolant-in line near the coolant pump inlet (see Fig.A1.7).6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil SystemTo maintain a constant oil levelin the pan, provide an additional 9.5 L 10 qt sump by usinga separate closed tank connected t
44、o the sump. Circulate oilthrough the tank at a rate of 5.7 6 1.9 L/min 1.5 6 0.5gal/min with an auxiliary pump. The system schematic isshown in Fig. A1.1. The No. 6 and No. 8 lines are to haveinside diameters of 10 mm 38 in. and 13 mm 12 in.,respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line. Equivale
45、ntlines may be substituted forAeroquip7lines provided they havethe proper inside diameters.6.2.3.1 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, 127 mm 5.00 in. down from theoil pan rail and 178 mm 7.00 in. back from the front of thepan. This location is directly ab
46、ove the oil sump temperaturethermocouple. Refer to Fig. A1.4. Connect the auxiliary oilsystem return line to the power steering pump cover on thefront timing gear cover. Refer to Fig. A1.5. Connect theauxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sumpbucket and the dipstick tube open
47、ing.6.2.3.2 Use a Viking pump Model No. SG053514 as theauxiliary oil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min.86.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7, Annex A2.6.2.4.2
48、 Use the oil filter housing (part no. 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowbycondensate from draining back into the engine, the blowby lineshall have a downward slope to a collection bucket. Thecollection b
49、ucket shall have a minimum volume of 18.9 L 5gal. Locate the blowby meter downstream of the collectionbucket. The slope of the blowby line downstream of thecollection bucket is unspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and FiltrationUse the Mack air filterelement and the Mack filter housing shown inA2.3,AnnexA2.Replace filter cartridge when 2.5 kPa 10 in. H2O DP isreached. Install an adjustable valve (flapper) in the inlet airsystem at least two pipe diameters before any temperature,pressure, and humidity measurement devices. Use the valve tomaint
