1、Designation: D6987/D6987M 11Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-10 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6987/D6987M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the MackT-10.2This test method covers an engine
3、 test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics,including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinderliners.1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for runningan abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to asthe T-10A. The procedures for
4、the T-10 and T-10Aare identicalwith the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnexA8.Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8refer to the corresponding section of the T-10 procedure.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately
5、as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
6、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A7 forspecific Safety Hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test
7、 Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D130 Test
8、Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Visc
9、osity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
10、by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for C
11、loud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052
12、 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4485 Specification for Performance ofActiveAPI ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration1This test method is under the jurisdic
13、tion of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D698705a. DOI:10.1520/D
14、6987_D6987M-11.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this testmethod by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all InformationLetters through 11-1. Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,
15、 Attention: Admin-istrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright AST
16、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Ato
17、mic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuelsand Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chro-matographyD5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation a
18、nd Wear in aSpark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled withGasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions4D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)4D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel E
19、ngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D6483 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-9 Diesel Engine4D6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a HighSpeed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCat
20、erpillar 1PTest ProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference
21、 oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.D58443.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe cran
22、kcase. D53023.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specific
23、ation. D58443.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). Automotive Handbook53.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures tha
24、t are close to the potential maximums.D44853.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engines,one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or closeto its peak output. D44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or
25、 candi-date oil. D58443.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod, such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating co
26、nditions.D58443.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-duce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifestedas sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or a combination thereof. Sub. B Gl
27、ossary63.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics and used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D58
28、443.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D53023.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test
29、standusing the prescribed equipment according to the requirementsin the test method, and conducted according to the specifiedoperating conditions.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions insome test methods include requirements for determining atests operational validity. These requirem
30、ents are applied aftera test is completed and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for theaverage values of primary and secondary parameters that arenarrower than the specified control ranges for the individualvalues, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary andsecondary parameters for the specif
31、ied control ranges, (3)downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.D58443.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D53023.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation o
32、fmaterial on, a surface.3.1.15.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and chemical action. D53024Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is refe
33、rencedon www.astm.org.5Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1.,Germany.6Available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.D6987/D6987M 1124. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use o
34、f a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).Awarm-up and a 1-h break-in are followed by a two-phase testconsisting of 75 h at 1800 r/min and 225 h at 1200 r/min, bothat constant speed and load.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and wea
35、r metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble,solvent-clean (see 7.4), measure, and rebuild the engine powersection using all new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, andconnecting rod bearings in strict accordance with furnishedspecifications.4.4 Solvent-clean (see 7.4) the en
36、gine crankcase and replaceworn or defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, load, and various engine operating condi-tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wearperformance of engine oils in turbocharged and in
37、tercooledfour-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR. Obtain resultsfrom used oil analysis and component measurements beforeand after the test.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1
38、.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, P/N 11GBA81025 (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber,in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The bore and strokeare 124 by 1
39、65 mm 478 by 612 in., and the displacement is 12L 728 in3.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventac
40、cumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-10 Test EngineThe engine is available fromMack Trucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA2.1.Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 En
41、gine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, for every test to limit scaling in the cooling system.Pressurize the system to 103 kPa 15 psi at the expansion tank.Use the coolant shown in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system
42、 composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform f
43、low in an effort to prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the coolant from the engine block fitting to theEGR coolers (see Fig. A1.3). Return the EGR coolant flow tothe engine coolant-in line near the coolant pump inlet (see Fig.A1.7).6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil SystemTo main
44、tain a constant oil levelin the pan, provide an additional 9.5 L 10 qt sump by usinga separate closed tank connected to the sump. Circulate oilthrough the tank at a rate of 5.7 6 1.9 L/min 1.5 6 0.5gal/min with an auxiliary pump. The system schematic isshown in Fig. A1.1. The No. 6 and No. 8 lines a
45、re to haveinside diameters of 10 mm 38 in. and 13 mm 12 in.,respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line. Equivalentlines may be substituted forAeroquip7lines provided they havethe proper inside diameters.6.2.3.1 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, 127
46、 mm 5.00 in. down from theoil pan rail and 178 mm 7.00 in. back from the front of thepan. This location is directly above the oil sump temperaturethermocouple. Refer to Fig. A1.4. Connect the auxiliary oilsystem return line to the power steering pump cover on thefront timing gear cover. Refer to Fig
47、. A1.5. Connect theauxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sumpbucket and the dipstick tube opening.6.2.3.2 Use a Viking pump Model No. SG053514 as theauxiliary oil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min.86.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks
48、to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7, Annex A2.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part no. 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowbycondensate
49、from draining back into the engine, the blowby lineshall have a downward slope to a collection bucket. Thecollection bucket shall have a minimum volume of 18.9 L 5gal. Locate the blowby meter downstream of the collectionbucket. The slope of the blowby line downstream of thecollection bucket is unspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and FiltrationUse the Mack air filterelement and the Mack filter housing shown inA2.3,AnnexA2.Replace filter cartridge when 2.5 kPa 10 in. H2O DP isreached. Install an adjustable valve (flapper) in the inlet airsyst
