1、Designation: D6987/D6987M 11D6987/D6987M 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-10 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6987/D6987M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-10.2 This test
3、 method covers an engine test procedure for evaluatingdiesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners.1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for running an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as th
4、eT-10A. The procedures for the T-10 and T-10A are identical with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8.Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-10 procedure.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound uni
5、ts are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to addr
6、ess all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Annex A7 for specific Safety Hazards.2. Referenced Doc
7、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Dec
8、omposition Device Method)D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method
9、)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method
10、for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (A
11、ccelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net
12、 Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011May 1, 2013. Published November 2011June 20
13、13. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asD6987D6987 11.05a. DOI: 10.1520/D6987_D6987M-11.10.1520/D6987_D6987M-13.2 TheASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all Information
14、Letters through11-1.12-1. Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.www.astmtmc.cmu.edu3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceas
15、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becau
16、seit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appear
17、s at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service
18、 Category Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled
19、 Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of theAromatic Content and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuels andAviationTurbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD5302 Test Method for Evaluation ofAutomotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit F
20、ormation and Wear in a Spark-IgnitionInternal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn2003)4D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)4D5967 Test Method for Ev
21、aluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6483 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-9 Diesel Engine (Withdrawn 2009)4D6681 Test Method for Evaluatio
22、n of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1P TestProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry3.
23、Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D58443.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the comb
24、ustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter thecrankcase. D53023.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to sat
25、isfy a specification andis intended to be tested against that specification. D58443.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing of exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides(NOx). Automotive Handbook54 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenc
26、ed on www.astm.org.5 Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1., Germany.D6987/D6987M 1323.1.6 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximums. D44853.1.7
27、 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or close toits peak output. D44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D58443.1.9 non-standard test, n
28、a test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method, suchas running on an uncalibrated test stand, using different test equipment, applying different equipment assembly procedures, or usingmodified operating conditions. D58443.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil,
29、 the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion,or a combination thereof. Sub. B Glossary63.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known p
30、erformance characteristics and used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D58443.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engin
31、es, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D53023.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand using the prescribed equipment accordin
32、g to the requirements in the testmethod, and conducted according to the specified operating conditions.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions in some test methods include requirements for determining a tests operational validity. Theserequirements are applied after a test is completed
33、 and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for the average values of primary andsecondary parameters that are narrower than the specified control ranges for the individual values, (2) allowable deviations forindividual primary and secondary parameters for the specified control ranges, (3) downtime limita
34、tions, and (4) special parameterlimitations. D58443.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents butnot by wiping with a cloth. D53023.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation of material on, a surface.3.1.15.1 Dis
35、cussionWear generally occurs between two surfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result of mechanical or chemical action orby a combination of mechanical and chemical action. D53024. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III diesel engine with ex
36、haust gas recirculation (EGR). Awarm-up and a 1-h1 h break-in are followed by a two-phase test consisting of 75 h at 1800 r/min and 225 h at 1200 r/min, 75 hat 1800 r/min and 225 h at 1200 r/min, both at constant speed and load.torque.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosity incre
37、ase and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engine prior to each test. Disassemble, solvent-clean (see 7.4), measure, and rebuild the engine power sectionusing all new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rod bearings in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solvent-clean (s
38、ee 7.4) the engine crankcase and replace worn or defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories for controlling speed, load,torque, and various engine operating conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wear performance of engine oils
39、 in turbocharged and intercooled four-cyclediesel engines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oil analysis and component measurements before and after the test.6 Available from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.D6987/
40、D6987M 1335.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III, electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unit pumps, P/N11GBA8102
41、5 (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, charge air-cooled, andcompression ignition engine. The bore and stroke are 124124 mm by 165 mm 165 mm 478 by 612 in., in., and the displacementis 12 L 728 in12 L 728 in.3.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere sh
42、all be relatively free of dirt and other contaminants as required by good laboratorystandards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, and controlling humidity in the engine buildup area helps prevent accumulationof dirt and other contaminants on engine parts and aids in measuring and selecting part
43、s for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-10 Test EngineThe engine is available from Mack Trucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA2.1. Usetest parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in Table A2.1, for every te
44、st to limit scaling in the cooling system.Pressurize the system to 103 kPa 15 psi at the expansion tank. Use the coolant shown in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cooling system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger, reservoir,and water-out temperature control valv
45、e. The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within thespecified limit. Install a sight glass between the engine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniform flow in aneffort to prevent localized boiling. Block the thermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow th
46、e coolant from the engine block fitting to the EGR coolers (see Fig. A1.3). Return the EGR coolant flow to theengine coolant-in line near the coolant pump inlet (see Fig. A1.7).6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil SystemTo maintain a constant oil level in the pan, provide an additional 9.5 L 10 qt L 10 qt sump byusi
47、ng a separate closed tank connected to the sump. Circulate oil through the tank at a rate of 5.7 6 1.9 L/min 5.7 L/min 61.9 L/min 1.5 6 0.5 gal/min with an auxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig. A1.1. The No. 6 and No. 8 linesare to have inside diameters of 10 mm 38 in. and 13 mm 12 i
48、n., respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line. Equivalentlines may be substituted for Aeroquip7 lines provided they have the proper inside diameters.6.2.3.1 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on the exhaust side of the oil pan, 127 mm 5.00 in. down from the oil panrail and 178 mm 7.
49、00 in. back from the front of the pan. This location is directly above the oil sump temperature thermocouple.Refer to Fig. A1.4. Connect the auxiliary oil system return line to the power steering pump cover on the front timing gear cover.Refer to Fig. A1.5. Connect the auxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sump bucket and the dipstick tubeopening.6.2.3.2 Use a Viking pump Model No. SG053514 as the auxiliary oil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min.86.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil coole
