1、Designation: D 6989 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practices forPreparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink ResinSolutions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for pre-paring a solvent or water based ink resin solution in
3、low boilingsolvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1)an industrial blender (Sections 3-7), and (2) a laboratory rollermill (Sections 8-12).NOTE 1ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the indus-trial blender where possible.1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generall
4、yavailable in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intendedmainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure)inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylicand styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters, poly-vinylb
5、utyral, and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used includeethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl ac-etate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resin solutions,water is used in combination with ammonium hydroxide oramines such as dime
6、thylethanolamine, monoethanolamine, andtriethylamine.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespons
7、ibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 cold cut, ndispersion of resin into solvent using highshear dispersion without external heating.2.1.2
8、 compatibility, nthe ability of two or more differingsubstances to be mixed together without resultant kick-out orhaziness.2.1.3 dissolution, nthe point at which all resin completelydissolves in the solvent.2.1.4 incompatibility, nwhen a mixture of two or morediffering substances results in precipit
9、ation, kick-out, or hazi-ness.2.1.5 solution, nresin and solvent form a clear, compat-ible, and homogeneous mixture.2.1.5.1 DiscussionIndustrial practice may use the term“solution” loosely to describe what may actually be a clear“dispersion.” For the sake of simplification, the terms solutionand dis
10、persion have been used interchangeably in this practice.BLENDER3. Summary of Blender Practice3.1 Place required amount of resin and solvent in a blenderjar.3.2 Mix the resin-solvent mixture at high speed in a blenderuntil heat is developed by the high shear and the resin isdissolved into solution.3.
11、3 The resulting resin solution can be used to measureparameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility ofa printing ink resin.4. Significance and Use of Blender Practice4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resinsolutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shearproduction d
12、ispersion techniques.5. Apparatus5.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.5.2 Blender, with one quart vessel and cover, 115 alternat-ing current volts (VAC), 60 Hz, 840 W (preferably explosionproof).5.3 Filter Media, (such as organdy cloth).1These practices are under the jurisdiction of AST
13、M Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6989 03.1Copyright AST
14、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 Auxiliary Equipment, (that is, aluminum foil, papertowels, lab filter stand, etc.).6. Sampling6.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to asize no larger than 6 mm2.6.2 The total ma
15、ss of resin solids and solvent should beapproximately 800 g. The exact amount (separately) of resinsolids and solvent will vary depending on the target percentsolids to be achieved.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh (separately) solid resin and desired solvent blend(which may consist of a mixture of organic solv
16、ents or acombination of water and ammonia/amine) to the nearest 0.1 gto meet concentration requirements. Add the solvent blend tothe blender vessel.7.2 Place the blender vessel on blender and start mixingaction on low speed.7.3 Add solid resin slowly into blender vessel and increasemixing speed, as
17、mixture viscosity thickens, until all resin isadded. Place cover on blender vessel.7.4 Insulate blender vessel with paper towels wrapped inaluminum foil (optional).7.5 Continue mixing for 15 min after all resin is added.7.5.1 If not all resin is dissolved or if the mixture is notclear, continue mixi
18、ng until dissolution has occurred.7.5.2 If the mixture does not become clear, the mixture isincompatible.7.6 After all resin has dissolved, remove the vessel from theblender and pour the solution through organdy cloth or othersuitable filter media into a container for storage.7.7 Cover sample and sa
19、ve for future testing.LABORATORY ROLLER MILL8. Summary of Laboratory Roller Mill Practice8.1 Small samples of ink resin and solvents or alkalinewater are cut into solution by rolling a jar or other cylindricalcontainer on an automated laboratory roller mill, typicallyovernight.8.2 The resulting resi
20、n solution can be used to measureparameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility ofa printing ink resin.9. Significance and Use of Laboratory Roller MillPractice9.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resinsolutions without the use of heat or high shear, and will onlyprovide sat
21、isfactory results with resins of a suitable solubility.This practice is typically used when the resin solution is notrequired for immediate use (that is, the material is weighed andplaced on the laboratory roller mill overnight for use the nextday).10. Apparatus10.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.
22、1 g accuracy.10.2 Glass Jars, 1 pint or 1 quart size, with metal lids.10.3 Laboratory Roller Mill.10.4 Filter Media, (such as organdy cloth).11. Sampling11.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to asize no larger than 6 mm2.11.2 The total mass of resin solids and solvent should beappr
23、oximately 400 g for a pint jar and 800 g for a quart jar. Theexact amount (separately) of resin solids and solvent will varydepending on the target percent solids to be achieved.12. Procedure12.1 Weigh required mass of solvent blend (which mayconsist of a mixture of organic solvents or a combination
24、 ofwater and ammonia/amine) into jar.12.2 Weigh solid to the nearest 0.1 g to meet concentrationrequirements into the glass jar.12.3 Place the lid on the jar and close securely to ensure atight seal.12.4 Seal the gap between the glass jar and metal lid byaffixing a strip of electrical tape at the li
25、d/jar interface, tofurther ensure a leak-free operation.12.5 Label the jar to indicate the contents. Preferably, the jarshould be labeled on the lid, as information recorded on theside wall of the jar may be rubbed off during the rollingprocess.12.6 Agitate the contents of the jar by shaking vigorou
26、sly, inorder to wet the resin thoroughly with the solvent blend.12.7 Place the jar on the roller mill.12.8 Activate the roller mill motor.12.9 Allow the jar to rotate on the mill until all resin isvisibly dissolved (typically for 16 hours or overnight).12.10 If all ink resin is not dispersed, repeat
27、 12.7-12.9.12.11 After all resin has dissolved, remove the glass jarfrom the roller mill and pour the solution through organdycloth or other suitable filter media into a container for storage.12.12 Cover sample and save for future testing.13. Keywords13.1 blender; cold cut; ink resin; laboratory rol
28、ler mill; resinsolutionD 6989 03 (2008)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
29、 riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
30、 this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldm
31、ake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6989 03 (2008)3
