1、Designation: D6989 03 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practices forPreparation of Solvent and Water Based Ink ResinSolutions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These practices describe laboratory procedures for pre-paring a solvent or water based ink resin solution in lo
3、w boilingsolvent or alkaline water using two types of lab equipment; (1)an industrial blender (Sections 3-7), and (2) a laboratory rollermill (Sections 8-12).NOTE 1ASTM Subcommittee D01.37 recommends using the indus-trial blender where possible.1.2 These practices use laboratory equipment generallya
4、vailable in a normal, well-equipped laboratory.1.3 These procedures are for use with ink resins intendedmainly for liquid (for example, flexographic and rotogravure)inks. The type of resins is typically, but not limited to, acrylicand styrene/acrylic copolymers, polyamides, polyesters,polyvinylbutyr
5、al, and maleated/fumarated rosin esters.1.4 The typical low boiling solvents to be used includeethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropylacetate, and n-propyl acetate. For water based ink resinsolutions, water is used in combination with ammoniumhydroxide or amines such as dimethylet
6、hanolamine,monoethanolamine, and triethylamine.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
7、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 cold cut, ndispersion of resin into solvent using highshear dispersion without external heating.2.1.2 compat
8、ibility, nthe ability of two or more differingsubstances to be mixed together without resultant kick-out orhaziness.2.1.3 dissolution, nthe point at which all resin completelydissolves in the solvent.2.1.4 incompatibility, nwhen a mixture of two or morediffering substances results in precipitation,
9、kick-out, or hazi-ness.2.1.5 solution, nresin and solvent form a clear,compatible, and homogeneous mixture.2.1.5.1 DiscussionIndustrial practice may use the term“solution” loosely to describe what may actually be a clear“dispersion.” For the sake of simplification, the terms solutionand dispersion h
10、ave been used interchangeably in this practice.BLENDER3. Summary of Blender Practice3.1 Place required amount of resin and solvent in a blenderjar.3.2 Mix the resin-solvent mixture at high speed in a blenderuntil heat is developed by the high shear and the resin isdissolved into solution.3.3 The res
11、ulting resin solution can be used to measureparameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility ofa printing ink resin.4. Significance and Use of Blender Practice4.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resinsolutions by the “cold cut” method, modeling high-shearproduction dispersion
12、 techniques.5. Apparatus5.1 Balance or Scale, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.5.2 Blender, with one quart vessel and cover, 115 alternatingcurrent volts (VAC), 60 Hz, 840 W (preferably explosionproof).5.3 Filter Media, (such as organdy cloth).5.4 Auxiliary Equipment, (that is, aluminum foil, papertowels
13、, lab filter stand, etc.).1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved
14、 in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6989 03 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D6989-03R13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Sampling6.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to asize no larger than 6 m
15、m2.6.2 The total mass of resin solids and solvent should beapproximately 800 g. The exact amount (separately) of resinsolids and solvent will vary depending on the target percentsolids to be achieved.7. Procedure7.1 Weigh (separately) solid resin and desired solvent blend(which may consist of a mixt
16、ure of organic solvents or acombination of water and ammonia/amine) to the nearest 0.1 gto meet concentration requirements. Add the solvent blend tothe blender vessel.7.2 Place the blender vessel on blender and start mixingaction on low speed.7.3 Add solid resin slowly into blender vessel and increa
17、semixing speed, as mixture viscosity thickens, until all resin isadded. Place cover on blender vessel.7.4 Insulate blender vessel with paper towels wrapped inaluminum foil (optional).7.5 Continue mixing for 15 min after all resin is added.7.5.1 If not all resin is dissolved or if the mixture is notc
18、lear, continue mixing until dissolution has occurred.7.5.2 If the mixture does not become clear, the mixture isincompatible.7.6 After all resin has dissolved, remove the vessel from theblender and pour the solution through organdy cloth or othersuitable filter media into a container for storage.7.7
19、Cover sample and save for future testing.LABORATORY ROLLER MILL8. Summary of Laboratory Roller Mill Practice8.1 Small samples of ink resin and solvents or alkalinewater are cut into solution by rolling a jar or other cylindricalcontainer on an automated laboratory roller mill, typicallyovernight.8.2
20、 The resulting resin solution can be used to measureparameters such as viscosity and solubility or compatibility ofa printing ink resin.9. Significance and Use of Laboratory Roller MillPractice9.1 This practice provides a means of preparing resinsolutions without the use of heat or high shear, and w
21、ill onlyprovide satisfactory results with resins of a suitable solubility.This practice is typically used when the resin solution is notrequired for immediate use (that is, the material is weighed andplaced on the laboratory roller mill overnight for use the nextday).10. Apparatus10.1 Balance or Sca
22、le, weighing to 60.1 g accuracy.10.2 Glass Jars, 1 pint or 1 quart size, with metal lids.10.3 Laboratory Roller Mill.10.4 Filter Media, (such as organdy cloth).11. Sampling11.1 Solid resin should be flaked or crushed (typically to asize no larger than 6 mm2.11.2 The total mass of resin solids and so
23、lvent should beapproximately 400 g for a pint jar and 800 g for a quart jar. Theexact amount (separately) of resin solids and solvent will varydepending on the target percent solids to be achieved.12. Procedure12.1 Weigh required mass of solvent blend (which mayconsist of a mixture of organic solven
24、ts or a combination ofwater and ammonia/amine) into jar.12.2 Weigh solid to the nearest 0.1 g to meet concentrationrequirements into the glass jar.12.3 Place the lid on the jar and close securely to ensure atight seal.12.4 Seal the gap between the glass jar and metal lid byaffixing a strip of electr
25、ical tape at the lid/jar interface, tofurther ensure a leak-free operation.12.5 Label the jar to indicate the contents. Preferably, the jarshould be labeled on the lid, as information recorded on theside wall of the jar may be rubbed off during the rollingprocess.12.6 Agitate the contents of the jar
26、 by shaking vigorously, inorder to wet the resin thoroughly with the solvent blend.12.7 Place the jar on the roller mill.12.8 Activate the roller mill motor.12.9 Allow the jar to rotate on the mill until all resin isvisibly dissolved (typically for 16 hours or overnight).12.10 If all ink resin is no
27、t dispersed, repeat 12.7-12.9.12.11 After all resin has dissolved, remove the glass jarfrom the roller mill and pour the solution through organdycloth or other suitable filter media into a container for storage.12.12 Cover sample and save for future testing.13. Keywords13.1 blenders; cold cuts; ink
28、resins; laboratory roller mills;resin solutionsD6989 03 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
29、 patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited
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31、air hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this s
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