1、Designation: D 7000 04Standard Test Method forSweep Test of Bituminous Emulsion Surface TreatmentSamples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the curing performancecharacteristics of bituminous emulsion and aggregates bysimulating the broo
3、ming of a surface treatment in the labora-tory.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard unless otherwise indicated.1.3 A precison and bias statement for this standard has notbeen developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should notbe used for acceptance or rejection
4、 of a material for purchasingpurposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory li
5、mitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD 8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD 75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 140 Practice for Sampling Bitumi
6、nous MaterialsD 226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic FeltUsed in Roofing and WaterproofingD 977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD 2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt2.2 ISSA Document:ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 100 Test Method for Wet TrackAbrasion of Slurry Surfaces33.
7、 Summary of Test Method3.1 The sweep test is effective for defining the film forma-tion stage of bituminous emulsions. A brush (designed toclosely replicate the sweeping action of a broom) exerts a forceon the aggregate used on surface treatments. Bituminousemulsion is applied to an asphalt felt dis
8、k. Aggregate is appliedand embedded into the bituminous emulsion. The sample isthen conditioned at a prescribed temperature and time periodbefore testing. A mixer abrades the surface of the sample usinga nylon brush. After one minute of abrasion, the test is stopped,any loose aggregate is removed, a
9、nd the percent mass loss iscalculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful for classifying rapid-settingbituminous emulsions and is applicable to surface treatmentsthat require a quick return to traffic. It has the capability topredict surface treatment performance in the formative
10、stageusing construction components. This performance test is in-tended to evaluate the potential curing characteristics of abinder-aggregate combination to ensure that the surface treat-ment is sufficiently cured before allowing traffic onto the seal.5. Apparatus5.1 Mixer4,5Use to abrade the sample.
11、1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.24 onBituminous Surface Treatments.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published February 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
12、 www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA), 3 ChurchCircle, PMB 250, Annapolis, MD 21401.4The
13、 sole source of supply of the Hobart Mixer13 H.P. Fixed Speed Motor,model A 120 known to the committee at this time is Hobart Corporation 701 S.Ridge Ave. Troy, OH 45374.5If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will
14、receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Quick-clamp Mounting Base5,6This base must be anadequate and level support f
15、or clamping the sample in place.The test sample should not move during abrasion.5.3 PanAn appropriate pan will contain the test sampleon the mixer and hold dislodged aggregate.5.4 OvenThe conditioning oven shall be a constant tem-perature forced draft oven meeting the following requirementscontainin
16、g shelves with at least 65 % voids. The shelves shallbe placed at least 120 mm apart and 100 mm away from the topand floor.Oven Type Forced draft ovenMin. Inside D 3 W 3 H 460 3 460 3 460 mmAccuracy 61.0 C5.5 BalanceA balance capable of weighing 800 g or moreto within 60.1 g. A minimum platform leng
17、th and width of 240mm is required.5.6 Removable Brush HolderThe brush holder shall beattachable to the mixer and capable of a free floating verticalmovement of 19 6 1 mm having the dimensions listed in Fig.1. A drawing of this apparatus can be seen in Fig. 1. The totalweight of the brush head and th
18、e attached weight shall weigh1500 6 15 g. The collar and nylon strip brush are not includedin this weight. The brush clamping system shall hold the nylonstrip brush in place so that it will not move or dislodge duringtesting.5.7 Nylon Strip Brush5,7The brush shall conform to thefollowing specificati
19、ons.Overall Trim 25.4 mmOverall Length 127 6 1mmBacking size #7Fill Material Crimped black nylonNylon Type 6.0Fill Diameter 0.254 mmWeight 35 6 2g5.8 Strike-off TemplateThe template should consist of aflat, stainless steel metal plate. It shall include a 280 6 3mmdiameter cut out with a flush edge.
20、A 16 gage U.S. Standard(Plate and Sheet Metal) will suffice in most cases.NOTE 1Emulsion mass may vary according to emulsion viscosity andapplied strike off pressure. Alternative gages may be necessary foremulsion mass correction for varying aggregate sizes and shapes.5.9 Strike-off RodThe 750 6 100
21、 mm rod shall be madeof 8 mm electrical conduit for striking off emulsion from thetemplate surface.5.10 Sweep Test CompactorA suitable compaction devicewith a minimum curved surface radius of 550 6 30 mm andshall weigh 7500 6 500 g. A picture of this apparatus can beseen in Fig. 2.6. Materials6.1 Bi
22、tuminous EmulsionThe bituminous emulsionshould meet all applicable specifications for the surface treat-ment application. The bituminous emulsion shall be equili-brated to a temperature of 60C for sample production.6.2 AggregatesThe job aggregates should be sampled andsplit according to Practice D 7
23、5. They shall be placed in anoven and dried to a constant weight. The aggregates shall bedry sieved to obtain a test sample that has 100 % passing the9.5 mm sieve and 1 % passing the 4.75 mm sieve. Theamount of aggregate used for each specimen shall be inaccordance to the equation below and can be s
24、een by theexample in Table 1. The aggregate amount shall be interpolatedbetween values when necessary, and with a tolerance of 61%.A 202.1X 2 15.8!1001B 146.4X 2 4.7!1005 Y (1)where:A = % of aggregate from 9.5 to 6.3 mm,B = % of aggregate from 6.3 to 4.75 mm,X = bulk specific gravity (BSG), andY = a
25、mount of aggregate needed for the sweep test, g.6.3 Asphalt Felt DiskProduce sample disks from 30 lbasphalt felt paper, Specification D 226, Type II. The asphalt feltdiscs shall not have breaks, cracks, tears, protuberances,6TThe sole source of supply of the Wet Track Abrasion Tester (ISSA TB100)kno
26、wn to the committee at this time is Mastrad Limited, Finch House, 25 FinchRoad, Douglas, United Kingdom IM1 2PS.7The sole source of supply of the nylon strip brush part # MB7006 known to thecommittee at this time is Tanis Incorporated, 501 Maple Ave. (Hwy “E”), Waukesha,WI 53188-9436, http:/.Dimensi
27、onsID Name mmA Collar diameter 36B Collar height 76C Brush head length 128D Overall brush head height 19E Groove height 17F Groove width 18H Slot height 19W Slot width 7FIG. 1 Brush HolderFIG. 2 Sweep Test CompactorD7000042indentations, or splices. The felt shall be cut to make 300 6 10mm diameter d
28、isks. The disks shall be placed in a 50C ovenfor 24 to 72 h to flatten. Manipulate the disks until they are flatand store at room temperature at least three days before use.7. Test Specimens7.1 Weigh the asphalt felt disk to the nearest 0.1 g andrecord as the asphalt sample disk weight. Place the as
29、phalt feltdisk on a flat table. Manipulate the felt disk so that it lies flatagainst the surface. Replace the disk if the edges curl, bubble,or the disk contains foreign matter. Pre-weigh the aggregateand record as aggregate weight (see Table 1 for proper amountsof aggregate). A strike-off template
30、is placed over the felt disk,centering the hole of the template over the felt disk. 83 6 5gof bituminous emulsion (application rate of 1.42 kg/m2)at60C is poured along the top arc of the exposed felt disk.Excess bituminous emulsion is removed with the strike-off rodin a gentle side-to-side continuou
31、s motion. This shall becompleted within a 3 6 1 s period. The strike-off motionshould not be stopped until the excess materials are off of thefelt disk. The template is quickly removed. A picture of thisprocedure can be seen in Fig. 3.NOTE 2Downward pressure, strike-off speed, and template thickness
32、can be adjusted to ensure correct emulsion mass.7.2 Immediately apply the pre-weighed aggregate sampleonto the bituminous emulsion using an even back and forthmotion. Once the aggregate has been placed on the sample,compact the aggregates using the sweep test compactor threehalf cycles in one direct
33、ion and three half cycles in aperpendicular direction to set the aggregate. Care should betaken not to apply any additional manual downward force tothe compactor. Immediately weigh the sample and record assample weight. Place the specimen in the forced draft oven.Sample production and weighing shall
34、 take no more than fourminutes.8. Conditioning8.1 The specimen is immediately placed in a forced draftoven for the specified time, temperature, and relative humiditybased on desired field performance.NOTE 3Typical testing parameters for a rapid return to traffic andquick brooming of the product have
35、 been a time of one hour at 35C and30 % relative humidity. These values vary based on different climate areasof product application.8.1.1 The time and oven temperature shall be kept to atolerance of 10 % of the desired values. The tolerance of therelative humidity shall be 25 % of the desired value
36、unlessotherwise specified.NOTE 4The oven door should only be opened once within a 20 minperiod to maintain constant curing conditions.8.2 At the end of the conditioning time, the specimen isturned vertically and any loose aggregate is removed by gentlehand brushing of the technicians fingers back an
37、d forth acrossthe sample. The specimen is then weighed, and the weightrecorded to the nearest 0.1 g as the initial specimen weight. Thetime from conditioning oven to being placed in the testapparatus should be no greater than two minutes.NOTE 5The hand brushing of the technicians fingers across thes
38、ample has proven to be the preferred method versus a brush for removingany loose aggregate that has not fallen off when the specimen is turnedvertically.9. Procedure9.1 Attach, then leave the specimen in the clamping devicefor 180 6 30 s. During the equilibration time, the brush issecured into the b
39、rush head and the brush head with the weightis attached to the mixer. At the end of the equilibrating time, thebrush head is put into contact with the sample making surethere is free floating vertical movement of the brush head. Themixer is then turned onto setting #1 (0.83 gyrations per second)for
40、60 s. After the brush head has come to a complete stop, thetable is lowered and the sample is removed from the clampingdevice. The specimen is held vertically and any loose aggre-gate is removed by by gentle hand brushing of the techniciansfingers back and forth across the sample (see Note 5). Theab
41、raded sample is weighed to the nearest 0.1g and recorded asfinal specimen weight. A picture of this procedure can be seenin Fig. 4.10. Calculation10.1 This equation represents the total mass loss based onthe initial aggregate sample weight. The mass loss as apercentage of the area exposed to the abr
42、ading force:% Mass Loss 5SA 2 BA 2 CD3 100 3 1.33 (2)where:A = initial specimen weight,B = final specimen weight, andC = asphalt sample disk weight.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The between-laboratory reproducibility of this testmethod is being determined and will be available on or beforeTABLE 1 Examp
43、leBSG100 % 6.3 mmto 4.75 mm50/50 Blend100 % 9.5 mmto 6.3 mm2.00 288 g 338 g 388 g2.25 325 g 382 g 439 g2.50 361 g 425 g 489 g2.75 398 g 469 g 540 g3.00 435 g 513 g 591 gFIG. 3 Emulsion Strike-Off In TemplateD7000043December 2008. For the initial samples tested, the repeatabilitystandard deviation wa
44、s 15 % of the measured loss. Resultswere from repeated tests on two different emulsions withdifferent types of emulsifiers and varying curing conditions.Twenty replicates were run so that the results would be ofstatistical significance. The average loss for each sample runwas reported along with the
45、 standard deviation reported as apercentage of the average loss.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias formeasuring percent mass loss in this test method because nomaterial having an acceptable reference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; bituminous emulsion; surface treatment;
46、sweepASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights
47、, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional st
48、andardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Co
49、mmittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Apparatus Set-UpD7000044
