1、Designation: D7000 11Standard Test Method forSweep Test of Bituminous Emulsion Surface TreatmentSamples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the curing performancecharacteristics of bituminous emulsion and aggregates bysimulating the broomin
3、g of a surface treatment in the labora-tory.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 A precision and bias statement for this standard has notbeen developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should notbe used
4、for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasingpurposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
5、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-ments3D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD140 Prac
6、tice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD226 Specification forAsphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Usedin Roofing and WaterproofingD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt2.2 ISSA Document:4ISSATechnical Bulletin No. 100 Test Method for Wet TrackAbrasion o
7、f Slurry Surfaces3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sweep test is effective for defining the film forma-tion stage of bituminous emulsions. A brush (designed toclosely replicate the sweeping action of a broom) exerts a forceon the aggregate used on surface treatments. Bituminousemulsion is applied to
8、an asphalt felt disk.Aggregate is appliedand embedded into the bituminous emulsion. The sample isthen conditioned at a prescribed temperature and time periodbefore testing. A mixer abrades the surface of the sample usinga nylon brush.After one minute of abrasion, the test is stopped,any loose aggreg
9、ate is removed, and the percent mass loss iscalculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful for classifying rapid-settingbituminous emulsions and is applicable to surface treatmentsthat require a quick return to traffic. It has the capability topredict surface treatment performance
10、in the formative stageusing construction components. This performance test is in-tended to evaluate the potential curing characteristics of abinder-aggregate combination to ensure that the surface treat-ment is sufficiently cured before allowing traffic onto the seal.1This test method is under the j
11、urisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.24 onBituminous Surface Treatments.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7000 08. DOI:10.152
12、0/D7000-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this hist
13、orical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA), 3 ChurchCircle, PMB 250, Annapolis, MD 21401, http:/www.slurry.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. App
14、aratus5.1 Mixer5Use to abrade the sample.5.2 Quick-clamp Mounting Base6This base must be anadequate and level support for clamping the sample in place.The test sample should not move during abrasion.5.3 PanAn appropriate pan will contain the test sampleon the mixer and hold dislodged aggregate.5.4 O
15、venThe conditioning oven shall be a constant tem-perature forced draft oven meeting the following requirementscontaining shelves with at least 65 % voids. The shelves shallbe placed at least 120 mm apart and 100 mm away from the topand floor.Oven Type Forced draft ovenMin Inside D 3 W 3 H 460 3 460
16、3 460 mmAccuracy 61.0C5.5 BalanceA balance capable of weighing 800 g or moreto within 60.1 g.Aminimum platform length and width of 240mm is required.5.6 Removable Brush HolderThe brush holder shall beattachable to the mixer and capable of a free floating verticalmovement of 19 6 1 mm having the dime
17、nsions listed in Fig.1. A drawing of this apparatus can be seen in Fig. 1. The totalweight of the brush head and the attached weight shall weigh1500 6 15 g. The collar and nylon strip brush are not includedin this weight. The brush clamping system shall hold the nylonstrip brush in place so that it
18、will not move or dislodge duringtesting.5.7 Nylon Strip Brush7The brush shall conform to thefollowing specifications.Overall Trim 25.4 mmOverall Length 127 6 1mmBacking Size #7Fill Material Crimped black nylonNylon Type 6.0Fill Diameter 0.254 mmWeight 35 6 2g5.8 Strike-off TemplateThe template shoul
19、d consist of aflat, stainless steel metal plate. It shall include a 280 6 3mmdiameter cut out with a flush edge. A 16-gage U.S. Standard(Plate and Sheet Metal) will suffice in most cases.NOTE 1Emulsion mass may vary according to emulsion viscosity andapplied strike off pressure. Alternative gages ma
20、y be necessary foremulsion mass correction for varying aggregate sizes and shapes.5.9 Strike-off RodThe 750 6 100 mm rod shall be madeof 17-20 mm electrical conduit for striking off emulsion fromthe template surface.5.10 Sweep Test CompactorA suitable compaction devicewith a minimum curved surface r
21、adius of 550 6 30 mm andshall weigh 7500 6 500 g. A picture of this apparatus can beseen in Fig. 2.6. Materials6.1 Bituminous EmulsionThe bituminous emulsionshould meet all applicable specifications for the surface treat-ment application. The bituminous emulsion shall be equili-brated to a temperatu
22、re of 60C for sample production.6.2 AggregatesThe job aggregates should be sampled andsplit according to Practice D75. They shall be placed in an ovenand dried to a constant weight. The aggregates shall be drysieved to obtain a test sample that has 100 % passing the 9.5mm sieve and 1 % passing the 4
23、.75 mm sieve. The amount ofaggregate used for each specimen shall be in accordance to theequation below and can be seen by the example in Table 1. Theaggregate amount shall be interpolated between values whennecessary, and with a tolerance of 61%.A 202.1X 2 15.8!1001B 146.4X 2 4.7!1005 Y (1)where:A
24、= % of aggregate from 9.5 to 6.3 mm,B = % of aggregate from 6.3 to 4.75 mm,X = bulk specific gravity (BSG), andY = amount of aggregate needed for the sweep test, g.6.3 Asphalt Felt DiskProduce sample disks from 30 lbasphalt felt paper, Specification D226, Type II. The asphalt feltdiscs shall not hav
25、e breaks, cracks, tears, protuberances,5The sole source of supply of the Hobart Mixer13 H.P. Fixed Speed Motor,model A 120, apparatus known to the committee at this time is Hobart Corporation,701 S. Ridge Ave., Troy, OH 45374, http:/. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this inf
26、ormation to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The sole source of supply of the Wet Track Abrasion Tester (ISSA TB100)apparatus known to the committee at this time is Mastrad Limit
27、ed, Finch House, 25Finch Road, Douglas, United Kingdom IM1 2PS, http:/. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may atte
28、nd.7The sole source of supply of the Nylon Strip Brush Part #MB7006 apparatusknown to the committee at this time is Tanis Incorporated, 3660 Kettle Court E.,Delafield, WI 53018, http:/. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your
29、comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.DimensionsID Name mmA Collar diameter 36B Collar height 76C Brush head length 128D Overall brush head height 19E Groove height 17F Groove width 18H Slot height 19W Slot width 7FIG. 1
30、Brush HolderD7000 112indentations, or splices. The felt shall be cut to make 300 6 10mm diameter disks. The disks shall be placed in a 50C ovenfor 24 to 72 h to flatten. Manipulate the disks until they are flatand store at room temperature at least three days before use.7. Test Specimens7.1 Weigh th
31、e asphalt felt disk to the nearest 0.1 g andrecord as the asphalt sample disk weight. Place the asphalt feltdisk on a flat table. Manipulate the felt disk so that it lies flatagainst the surface. Replace the disk if the edges curl or bubbleor the disk contains foreign matter. Pre-weigh the aggregate
32、and record as aggregate weight (see Table 1 for proper amountsof aggregate). A strike-off template is placed over the felt disk,centering the hole of the template over the felt disk. 83 6 5gof bituminous emulsion (application rate of 1.42 kg/m2)at60C is poured along the top arc of the exposed felt d
33、isk.Excess bituminous emulsion is removed with the strike-off rodin a gentle side-to-side continuous motion. This shall becompleted within a 3 6 1 s period. The strike-off motionshould not be stopped until the excess materials are off of thefelt disk. The template is quickly removed. A picture of th
34、isprocedure can be seen in Fig. 3.NOTE 2Downward pressure, strike-off speed, and template thicknesscan be adjusted to ensure correct emulsion mass.7.2 Immediately apply the pre-weighed aggregate sampleonto the bituminous emulsion using an even back and forthmotion. Once the aggregate has been placed
35、 on the sample,compact the aggregates using the sweep test compactor threehalf cycles in one direction and three half cycles in aperpendicular direction to set the aggregate. Care should betaken not to apply any additional manual downward force tothe compactor. Immediately weigh the sample and recor
36、d assample weight. Place the specimen in the forced draft oven.Sample production and weighing shall take no more than fourminutes.8. Conditioning8.1 The specimen is immediately placed in a forced draftoven for the specified time, temperature, and relative humiditybased on desired field performance.N
37、OTE 3Typical testing parameters for a rapid return to traffic andquick brooming of the product have been a time of one hour at 35C and30 % relative humidity. These values vary based on different climate areasof product application.8.1.1 The time and oven temperature shall be kept to atolerance of 10
38、 % of the desired values. The tolerance of therelative humidity shall be 25 % of the desired value unlessotherwise specified.NOTE 4The oven door should only be opened once within a 20 minperiod to maintain constant curing conditions.8.2 At the end of the conditioning time, the specimen isturned vert
39、ically and any loose aggregate is removed by gentlehand brushing of the technicians fingers back and forth acrossthe sample. The specimen is then weighed, and the weightrecorded to the nearest 0.1 g as the initial specimen weight. Thetime from conditioning oven to being placed in the testapparatus s
40、hould be no greater than two minutes.NOTE 5The hand brushing of the technicians fingers across thesample has proven to be the preferred method versus a brush for removingany loose aggregate that has not fallen off when the specimen is turnedvertically.9. Procedure9.1 Attach, then leave the specimen
41、in the clamping devicefor 180 6 30 s. During the equilibration time, the brush issecured into the brush head and the brush head with the weightis attached to the mixer.At the end of the equilibrating time, thebrush head is put into contact with the sample making surethere is free floating vertical m
42、ovement of the brush head. Themixer is then turned onto Setting #1 (0.83 gyrations persecond) for 60 s. After the brush head has come to a completestop, the table is lowered and the sample is removed from theclamping device. The specimen is held vertically and any looseaggregate is removed by gentle
43、 hand brushing of the techni-cians fingers back and forth across the sample (see Note 5).The abraded sample is weighed to the nearest 0.1 g andrecorded as final specimen weight. A picture of this procedurecan be seen in Fig. 4.FIG. 2 Sweep Test CompactorTABLE 1 ExampleBSG100 %6.3to4.75mm50/50 Blend1
44、00 %9.5to6.3mm2.00 288 g 338 g 388 g2.25 325 g 382 g 439 g2.50 361 g 425 g 489 g2.75 398 g 469 g 540 g3.00 435 g 513 g 591 gFIG. 3 Emulsion Strike-Off In TemplateD7000 11310. Calculation10.1 This equation represents the total mass loss based onthe initial aggregate sample weight. The mass loss as ap
45、ercentage of the area exposed to the abrading force:% Mass Loss 5SA 2 BA 2 CD3 100 3 1.33 (2)where:A = initial specimen weight,B = final specimen weight, andC = asphalt sample disk weight.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The appropriate number of labs required to do anadequate precision statement is not a
46、vailable at this time. Forthe initial samples tested, the repeatability standard deviationwas 15 % of the measured loss. Results were from repeatedtests on two different emulsions with different types of emul-sifiers and varying curing conditions. Twenty replicates wererun so that the results would
47、be of statistical significance. Theaverage loss for each sample run was reported along with thestandard deviation reported as a percentage of the average loss.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias formeasuring percent mass loss in this test method because nomaterial having an acceptable r
48、eference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; bituminous emulsion; surface treatment;sweepASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that dete
49、rmination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider
