1、Designation: D7016/D7016M 18Standard Test Method toEvaluate Edge Binding Components Used in MattressesAfter Exposure to An Open Flame1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7016/D7016M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONEvaluation of raw material components is a vital and ongoing part of any manufacturing op
3、eration,especially when each item can contribute to the technical performance of the final product.Components used in a mattress construction govern the ultimate product performance, its comfort anddurability, and also affect its flammability behavior.The textile components used on the exterior of t
4、he mattressmattress tape and sewing threadarecritical for holding the structure together. These components contribute to the aesthetics of thestructure, and they are also susceptible to ignition when exposed to an open flame hazard. Data whichindicate that these two components are able to meet minim
5、um performance criteria when exposed toan open flame provides the mattress manufacturers with valuable information.The value of these data increases when the behavior of components in a small scale test correlateto the behavior of these components in a full scale mattress burn test. The performance
6、criteria requirethat: (1) the components do not support the combustion of the afterflame and, (2) that thesecomponents demonstrate post flame exposure characteristics which contribute to the retention ofstructural integrity and prevent seam rupture. This test method can be used as a quality controlt
7、echnique in a supplier quality assurance program.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the flammability character-istics of mattress edge bindings and sewing threads during andafter exposure to an open flame ignition source.1.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate these componentseither independen
8、tly or in combination for use in mattressesdesigned with a fire barrier fabric.1.1.1.1 The test method is used to evaluate mattress edgebinding and sewing thread when the design requires the use ofthese components.1.1.2 This test method can be used as a screening testmethod to determine how sewing t
9、hread and mattress edgebinding component combinations will perform.1.2 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskasse
10、ssment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsar
11、e to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all
12、 of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in
13、 accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1This test method is unde
14、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D701614. DOI:10.1520/D7016-18.Copyright ASTM
15、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Stand
16、ards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD204 Test Methods for Sewing ThreadsD1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of WovenFabricsD7138 Te
17、st Method to Determine Melting Temperature ofSynthetic FibersD7140 Test Method to Measure Heat Transfer ThroughTextile Thermal Barrier Materials2.2 AATCC Method:3Standard Laboratory Practice for Home Laundering FabricsPrior to Flammability Testing to Differentiate BetweenDurable and Non-Durable Fini
18、shes2.3 Federal Standards:4Code of Federal RegulationsTitle 16Commercial Prac-tices Chapter IIConsumer Product Safety CommissionPart 1615 Standard for the Flammability of ChildrensSleepwear; Sizes 0 through 6X, Revision of January 1,2001Code of Federal Regulations, 16 CFR 1633 Standard for theFlamma
19、bility (Open Flame) of Mattress Sets2.4 NFPA Standards:5NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propa-gation of Textiles and Films (1999 Edition)2.5 ISO Standard:6ISO 17493 Test Method for Convective Heat ResistanceUsing a Hot Air Circulating Oven2.6 Military Standards, Commercial Item Des
20、cription(CID):6A-A 55195 Thread Para-Aramid, Spun, Intermediate Modu-lus; Type I Normal Performance; Type II HighPerformanceA-A 55220 Thread, Para-Aramid, Intermediate Modulus3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after theignition source has been removed.3
21、.1.2 afterflame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.3.1.3 char length, n in measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the fabric edge, which is directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricda
22、mage.3.1.3.1 DiscussionChar length represents the maximumlength of a fabric specimen which can be consumed by avertical flame.3.1.4 fire barrier composite, na multilayer structure whichconsists of a non-flame resistant fabric that is secured to aflame resistant fabric.3.1.5 fire barrier fabric, na s
23、ingle layer structure made offibers which are either inherently flame resistant or chemicallytreated to be flame retardant.3.1.6 flame resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of a flaming or non-flamingsource of ig
24、nition, with or without subsequent removal of theignition source.3.1.7 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.2 For other terms used in this test method related totextiles refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Sewing thread is evaluated for break strength before andafter exposure
25、 to air at an elevated temperature.4.2 Flame resistance of edge binding tape is determined bychar length measurements.4.3 Specimens of fire barrier fabrics which are securedusing sewing thread and edge binding tape are exposed to anopen flame to determine if seam integrity is maintained.5. Significa
26、nce and Use5.1 Evaluation of raw material components is a vital andongoing part of any manufacturing operation, especially wheneach item can contribute to the technical performance of thefinal product.5.2 This test method measures the behavior of mattress edgebinding and sewing thread during and aft
27、er exposure to an openflame ignition source.5.3 Flame resistance of the components used to close theperimeter of a mattress is an important factor in limiting thepotential of a bedding fire by preventing the chance for seamfailure.5.4 Data which show a correlation of behavior for both thesewing thre
28、ad and edge binding tape, when tested as asubassembly according to this test method, and also whentested using a full scale composite mattress burn test, such asCFR 1633, can provide the manufacturer with importantinformation. These data can be valuable when selecting com-ponents to be used in the m
29、anufacture of its products which aredesigned to use mattress edge binding and sewing thread.5.5 The level of performance required for these componentsis (1) that they do not support the afterflame, and (2) that these2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
30、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3American Association of Textile Colorists and Chemists, PO Box 12215,Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.Available from American Association of Tex
31、tileChemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.4Government Printing Office, 732 N. Capital Street N.W., Washington, DC20401.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa
32、.org6Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D7016/D7016M 182components demonstrate post flame exposure characteristicswhich contribute to retaining the structural integrity of thesubassembly.5.6 In case of a dispu
33、te arising from differences in reportedresults when using this test method for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shouldconduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statisticalbias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-tance is recomme
34、nded for the investigation of bias. As aminimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-mens which are as homogeneous as possible and which arefrom a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be sent to each laboratory for testing.The average results from the
35、two laboratories should becompared using Students t-test and an acceptable probabilitylevel chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a biasis found, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideratio
36、n to the known bias.6. Sewing Thread6.1 Using Test Method D204 determine the average initialbreak strength of the sewing thread.6.2 Using Test Method D7138, evaluate the sewing threadto confirm that the fiber does not melt when exposed to atemperature of 285 6 1C 550 6 3F.6.3 After determination tha
37、t the fiber does not melt, cut sixspecimens of sewing thread to a length of 460 6 3mm1860.125 in. and suspend them in a hot air circulating oven asused in ISO 17493.6.3.1 Expose specimens for 30 minutes at a temperature of260 6 1C 500 6 3F.6.3.2 Using Test Method D204, confirm that the averagebreak
38、strength after exposure to hot air exceeds 65 % of initialbreak strength.77. Edge Binding Tape7.1 Measure the flame resistance and char length of the edgebinding tape using the test procedure noted in Section 1615.4Code of Federal RegulationsTitle 16Commercial Prac-tices Chapter IIConsumer Product S
39、afety Commission Part1615, Standard for The Flammability of Childrens Sleepwear;sizes 0 through 6X Revision of January 1, 2001 with thefollowing modifications:7.1.1 Test specimens both as received (unwashed), and afterbeing washed five times in accordance with AATCC StandardLaboratory Practice for H
40、ome Laundering Fabrics Prior toFlammability Testing to Differentiate Between Durable andNon-Durable Finishes.7.1.2 Cut specimens the full width of the binding used tocover the edges of the mattress to a length of 300 mm 12 in.Examples: 22.5 by 300 mm 0.875 by 12 in.; 31.5 by 300 mm1.25 by 12 in.; an
41、d 36.5 by 300 mm 1.43 by 12 in.7.1.2.1 Apparatus as configured in Section 1615.4 willaccommodate the listed edge bindings.7.1.3 Test ten unwashed specimens and ten washed speci-mens.7.1.3.1 Expose each of ten unwashed specimens to a 12 svertical flame impingement. Specimens shall exhibit a charlengt
42、h no greater than 100 mm 4 in.7.1.3.2 Expose each of ten washed specimens to a 12 svertical flame impingement. Specimens shall exhibit a charlength no greater than 125 mm 5 in.8. Subassembly8.1 Select a fire barrier fabric which has been tested usingTest Method D7140.88.1.1 Make samples using the se
43、wing thread shown tocomply to Section 5 and edge binding tape shown to comply toSection 6.8.1.1.1 Select the edge binding tape having the appropriatewidth to enclose the edge of the two sections.8.1.2 Join two fire barrier sections. One section shall repre-sent the fire barrier fabric used on the to
44、p panel of the mattress;one section shall represent the fire barrier fabric used on theside panel of the mattress.8.1.2.1 Sew the fabric sections together using the sameseam closing techniques used to manufacture mattresses.8.1.3 Samples measure a minimum of 208 6 0.50 cm 80 60.75 in. in width and 5
45、0 6 0.50 cm 20 6 0.75 in. in lengthas shown in Figs. 1 and 2.8.2 Cut the samples into specimens for seam testing andopen flame resistance testing.8.2.1 For seam strength testing, before exposure to openflame test, cut five specimens in accordance with the require-ments of Test Method D1683.8.2.1.1 T
46、est five specimens and determine average seambreak strength.8.2.2 For open flame resistance testing, cut seven specimenswith a vertical dimension of 500 6 6mm206 0.25 in anda horizontal dimension of 200 6 6mm86 0.25 in. as shownin Figs. 2 and 3. The seam with the mattress edge bindingshould be horiz
47、ontal and approximately midway between thetop and bottom edge.8.2.3 When evaluating specimens which are made using afire barrier fabric, dress cover fabric, and foam, remove the7The time and temperature requirements of Test Method 1534 were developedusing data originally developed by the U.S.Air For
48、ce in 1968. These data were usedto determine the melting point of synthetic fibers which would be made into yarnsfor fabrics and sewing threads and then used to manufacture protective clothingworn by military pilots, tank crew personnel, shipboard personnel, and space suitsworn by astronauts. The te
49、sting threshold used to evaluate fibers was established asa benchmark for a wide array of textile products. Sewing threads which melt whenexposed to high temperatures do not demonstrate any retained break strength. Thosesewing threads which are able to withstand exposure at this elevated temperatureretain measurable strength characteristics between 65 to 85 % of the original breakstrength.8Fire barrier fabrics are made using a variety of technologies. In addition tofabrics made of inherently flame resistant fibers, these str
