1、Designation: D7032 10Standard Specification forEstablishing Performance Ratings for Wood-PlasticComposite Deck Boards and Guardrail Systems (Guards orHandrails)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the procedures to establish aperformance ra
3、ting for wood-plastic composite (WPC) deckboards. This specification also defines the procedures toestablish a performance rating for WPC guards and handrails.The purpose of this specification is to establish the basis forcode recognition of these products or systems in exteriorapplications where co
4、mbustible construction is allowed (seeX1.1).1.2 Deck boards, guards, and handrails covered by thisspecification are permitted to be of any code compliant shapeand thickness (solid or non-solid).NOTE 1While WPCs are produced in a broad range of ratios of fiberto resin it is recognized that the perfor
5、mance requirements in thisspecification are valid for any material or combination of materials usedas deck boards, guards, or handrails. For products made primarily fromresin, or for products that exhibit highly plastic properties (for example,more than 3 % strain without rupture in a standard flexu
6、ral test underambient conditions), users are directed to Specification D6662 foradditional guidance.1.3 Adeck board, and a deck board used as a stair tread, areassigned a span rating indicating its ability to comply withmodel code specified functions identified for its specific enduse. A guard or ha
7、ndrail is recognized for its ability to meetminimum code requirements specified in the appropriate modelbuilding code.1.4 Details of manufacturing processes may be proprietaryand are beyond the scope of this specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The v
8、alues given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
9、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3General Requirements 4Sampling 4.1Sample Size 4.2Conditioning 4.3Flexural Tests 4.4Temperature and Moistur
10、e Effects 4.5Ultraviolet (UV) Resistance Test 4.6Freeze-Thaw Resistance Test 4.7Biodeterioration Tests 4.8Fire Performance Tests 4.9Deck Board Performance Requirements 5General 5.1Flexural Performance Tests 5.2Determination of the Unadjusted Allowable Load 5.3Creep-Recovery Test 5.4Mechanical Fasten
11、er Holding Tests 5.5Slip Resistance Test 5.6Guard and Handrail Performance Requirements 6General 6.1Guardrail System Test Requirements 6.2One- and Two-Family Dwelling Requirements 6.2.1.1Handrail Test Requirements (Concentrated Load) 6.3Report 7Independent Inspection 8Manufacturing Standard 9Precisi
12、on and Bias 10Keywords 11Two-Span Test Method Annex A1Fire Propagation Test Methods Annex A2Commentary Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD790 Test Methods for Fle
13、xural Properties of Unreinforced1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previ
14、ous edition approved in 2008 as D7032 08. DOI:10.1520/D7032-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
15、e.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Mate
16、rialsD1413 Test Method for Wood Preservatives by LaboratorySoil-Block CulturesD1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-ticle Panel MaterialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperatureof Plastics3D1972 Practice for Generic Mar
17、king of Plastic ProductsD2017 Test Method of Accelerated Laboratory Test ofNatural Decay Resistance of WoodsD2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJames MachineD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing ofWood and Wood-Base Fini
18、sh FlooringD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties forGrades of Structural LumberD3345 Test Method for Laboratory Evaluation of Wood andOther Cellulosic Materials for Resistance to TermitesD4000 Classifica
19、tion System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic MechanicalPropertiesD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Structural MaterialD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strengthof Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD6109 Test Methods for
20、 Flexural Properties of Unrein-forced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related Prod-uctsD6662 Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic LumberDecking BoardsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsE1354 Test Method fo
21、r Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterF1679 Test Method for Using a Variable Incidence Tribom-eter (VIT)3G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other References:AWPAStandard
22、 E1 Standard Method for Laboratory Evalu-ation for Determination of Resistance to SubterraneanTermites4AWPA Standard E10 Standard Method of Testing WoodPreservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures42009 International Building Code International Code Coun-cil, Inc.52009 International Residential Co
23、de International CodeCouncil, Inc.53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology used to describe WPCs aredefined in Terminologies D9, D883, D1554, and D4092,Practice D1972, and Classification D4000.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 center-point loada flexure test where the load co
24、mesin contact with the test specimen at a location that is12 the testspan.3.2.2 guarda building component or a system of buildingcomponents located at or near the open sides of elevatedwalking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a fall fromthe walking surface to a lower level.3.2.3 handraila
25、rail intended for grasping by the hand forguidance or support.3.2.4 quarter-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two locations, eachof which is located at14 the span from the specimen loadsupport. For example, quarter-point loading for a test specimeno
26、n a 24-in. (610-mm) span would have two equal loads contactthe test specimen each located 6 in. in from the test specimenload support. The distance between the two points of loadwould be 12 in. (305 mm).3.2.5 span ratingan index number that identifies the testspan used in all structural load testing
27、, which is the maximumcenter-to-center support spacing for the specified end use, andallowable design capacity, in pounds per square foot (lbf/ft2(kN/m2), determined in accordance with this specification.For example, a deck span rating of16100 recognizes the deckboard for installation perpendicular
28、to the floor joists spaced amaximum of 16 in. (406 mm) on center, and for supporting theload combinations required by the applicable code, which inthis case cannot exceed 100 lbf/ft2(4.79 kN/m2).3.2.6 third-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two loca
29、tions, eachof which is located at13 the span from the specimen loadsupport. For example, third-point loading for a test specimenon a 24-in. (610-mm) span would have two equal loads contactthe test specimen each located 8 in. in from the test specimenload support. The distance between the two points
30、of loadwould also be 8 in. (205 mm).3.2.7 wood-plastic composite (WPC)a composite madeprimarily from wood- or cellulose-based materials and plas-tic(s).4. General Requirements4.1 SamplingSamples for testing shall be representativeof the population being evaluated. Sampling shall be represen-tative o
31、f the possible variations due to changes in raw materialsand process variables over time. It is essential to consider3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Wood-Preservers Association (AWPA), P.O. Box361784, Birmingham,
32、 AL 35236-1784, http:/.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.D7032 102batch-to-batch and shift-to-shift variability when samplingactual production. Test specimens shall be selected fromseveral production ru
33、ns of a given item. Products shall besampled at the manufacturing site by an accredited third partyinspection agency or testing laboratory. Exceptions to samplingat the manufacturing site, such as at a warehouse or distributioncenter, shall be documented in the test report.4.2 Sample SizeSelection o
34、f a sample size depends uponthe property to be estimated, the actual variation in the propertyoccurring in the population, and the precision with which theproperty is to be estimated. The principles of Practice D2915shall be followed. The minimum sample size shall provideestimation of mean values wi
35、thin 5 % in accordance with 3.4.2of Practice D2915.4.3 ConditioningPrior to testing, all specimens shall beconditioned to environmental conditions appropriate for theintended end use of the product. Alternatively, test specimensshall be conditioned for a minimum of 40 h at 68F 6 4F(20C 6 2C) and 50
36、6 5 % RH. If data show that productproperties are not affected by extreme moisture conditions,such as submersion, the material shall be permitted to be testedwithout special conditioning. When the product is to besubjected to a water soak environment, the test specimens shallbe tested within 30 min
37、upon removal from the treatment.4.4 Flexural TestsFlexural strength and stiffness shall bedetermined in accordance with principles of Test MethodsD4761 or D6109. Alternatively, to assess compliance withperformance requirements in its intended installed configura-tion, the deck boards shall be tested
38、 according to the two-spanmethod defined in Annex A1. The test specimen cross sectionshall be the minimum anticipated structural size for theintended end use. The test span shall be that for which coderecognition is desired. The specimens shall be loaded at aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute (6
39、10 %). Average timeto failure for each test configuration shall be recorded (seeCommentary, X1.2).Aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute isachieved by using a constant rate of test machine crossheadmotion, R, (inches/minute) computed in terms of the test span,L, and the member depth, d, by the foll
40、owing equation:R 5 0.00185 3 L2/d (1)For members where the depth (vertical dimension) is varyingalong the member length, the depth (d) shall be taken as thegross member depth at the point of maximum moment.NOTE 2Eq 1 is based on the maximum extreme fiber strain at midspanof a horizontally symmetric
41、simple span member. For a product that issymmetric about its horizontal axis, Eq 1 yields the target strain rate atboth the extreme tensile and extreme compressive faces. For a product thatis not symmetric about its horizontal axis, the Eq 1 strain rate is theaverage of the strains at these faces. S
42、ee Commentary for additionalinformation.NOTE 3Some WPCs exhibit exceptionally large deformations prior tofailure in bending. Users are cautioned to take particular care in testmachine set-up to accommodate large deflections, both in terms ofdeflection-measuring devices and support conditions.4.4.1 F
43、lexural StrengthModulus of rupture (MOR)ormoment capacity shall be reported for each specimen. Flexuralstrength shall be calculated from the maximum load achievedor the load at 3 % strain, whichever occurs first.4.4.2 Flexural StiffnessApparent modulus of elasticity(MOE)orEI shall be reported for ea
44、ch specimen. Flexuralstiffness shall be calculated from a linear least squares fit of thestress-strain curve over the range of 10 to 40 % of ultimatestress.4.4.3 The flexural strength and stiffness for deck board,guard, and handrail materials shall be determined in accor-dance with 4.4 and shall be
45、used to establish a standardbaseline performance level for comparison with future produc-tion during the required quality control audits.4.5 Temperature and Moisture Effects:4.5.1 Temperature EffectTesting shall be conducted toverify that allowable span and load ratings are applicable at arange of t
46、emperatures expected in service. For purposes of thisspecification, the lower and upper temperatures shall be -20 64F (-29 6 2C) and 125 6 4F (52 6 2C), respectively.Flexure tests shall be conducted to failure at the desired span.A minimum of 10 specimens shall be tested at each tempera-ture. The fl
47、exural strength and stiffness shall be determined inaccordance with 4.4 and the average change in propertiesbetween the flexural strength and stiffness of the controlflexural specimens and the specimens tested at low and hightemperatures shall be calculated as a percentage and reported.4.5.2 Moistur
48、e EffectTesting shall be conducted to verifythat allowable span and load ratings are applicable at moistureconditions expected in service. Flexure tests shall be conductedto failure at the desired span.Aminimum of 10 specimens shallbe tested at moisture conditions anticipated in service (forexample,
49、 high humidity, submerged). The average maximumflexural strength and stiffness shall be determined in accor-dance with 4.4. The average change in properties between thecontrol specimens and those tested at the in-service moisturecondition of interest shall be calculated as a percentage andreported.4.5.3 CriteriaThe most restrictive effect (either tempera-ture or moisture) shall be used to adjust the performance ratingof deck boards, guardrails, and handrails. For deck boards, thedeck board span (or load rating) shall be reduced by the
