1、Designation: D7032 14D7032 15Standard Specification forEstablishing Performance Ratings for Wood-PlasticComposite Deck Boards and Guardrail Systems (Guards orHandrails)and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads,Guards, and Handrails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7032; the nu
2、mber immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scop
3、e1.1 This specification covers the procedures to establish a performance rating for wood-plastic composite (WPC) deck boards.This specification also defines the procedures to establish a performance rating for WPC guards and handrails. The purpose of thisspecification is to establish the basis for c
4、ode recognition of these products or systems in exterior applications where combustibleconstruction is allowed (see X1.1).NOTE 1While WPCs may contain wood fiber, the presence of wood fiber in the composite is not required by this standard. Other lignocellulosicmaterials may be used. For WPC deck bo
5、ards and guardrail systems evaluated according to this standard, the structural, physical, and fire attributes mayor may not exhibit similarity to those of wood due to the presence, type, and quantity of plastic(s) in the composite. WPCs should not be assumed tobehave similarly to wood. For example,
6、 to address the influence of plastic in the composite, special considerations in the standard address sensitivity totemperature, ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and freeze-thaw resistance.1.1.1 The plastic component of wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber covered by this specification shall consist
7、 primarilyof thermoplastics.1.2 Deck boards, stair treads, guards, and handrails covered by this specification are permitted to be of any code compliant shapeand thickness (solid or non-solid).NOTE 2While WPCs are produced in a broad range of ratios of fiber to resin it is recognized that the perfor
8、mance requirements in this specificationare valid for any material or combination of materials used as deck boards, guards, or handrails. For products made primarily from resin, or for productsthat exhibit highly plastic properties (for example, more than 3 % strain without rupture in a standard fle
9、xural test under ambient conditions), users aredirected to Specification D6662 for additional guidance.1.3 A deck board, and a deck board used as a stair tread, are assigned a span rating indicating its ability to comply with modelcode specified functions identified for its specific end use. A guard
10、 or handrail is recognized for its ability to meet minimum coderequirements specified in the appropriate model building code.1.4 Wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber are produced in a broad range of fiber and/or resin formulations. It is recognizedthat the performance requirements in this spec
11、ification are valid for any material or combination of materials used as deck boards,stair treads, guards, or handrails.1.5 Details of manufacturing processes may be proprietary and are beyond the scope of this specification.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. T
12、he values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standar
13、d to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.1.8 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 31 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsib
14、ility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and Engineered WoodProducts.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2015. Published January 2015February 2016. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 asD7032 10D7032 14.A. DOI: 10.1520/D7032-14.10.1520/D7032-15.This documen
15、t is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as app
16、ropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionGeneral Requirements 4Sampling 4.1Sample Size 4.2Cond
17、itioning 4.3Flexural Tests 4.4Temperature and Moisture Effects 4.5Ultraviolet (UV) Resistance Test 4.6Freeze-Thaw Resistance Test 4.7Biodeterioration Tests 4.8Fire Performance Tests 4.9Deck Board Performance Requirements 5General 5.1Flexural Performance Tests 5.2Determination of the Unadjusted Allow
18、ableLoad5.3Creep-Recovery Test 5.4Mechanical Fastener Holding Tests 5.5Slip Resistance Test 5.6Guard and Handrail PerformanceRequirements6General 6.1Guardrail System Test Requirements 6.2One- and Two-Family DwellingRequirements6.2.1.1Handrail Test Requirements (ConcentratedLoad)6.3Report 7Independen
19、t Inspection 8Manufacturing Standard 9Precision and Bias 10Keywords 11Two-Span Test Method Annex A1Commentary Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural SizesD790 Test Methods
20、for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1413 Test Method for Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultur
21、es (Withdrawn 2016)3D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of PlasticsD1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products (Withdrawn 2014)3D2017 Test Method
22、 of Accelerated Laboratory Test of Natural Decay Resistance of Woods (Withdrawn 2014)3D2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James MachineD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2565 Pr
23、actice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3345 Test Method for Laboratory Evaluation of Wood and Other Cellulosic Materials for Resistance to TermitesD4000 Classification System
24、 for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical PropertiesD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber and Wood-Base Structural MaterialD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD6109 Test Methods for Flexural
25、 Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related ProductsD6662 Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber Decking BoardsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsE1354 Test Method for Heat an
26、d Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards
27、 Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D7032 152F1679 Test Method for Using a Variable Incidence Tribometer (VIT) (Withdrawn 2006)3G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exp
28、osure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other References:AWPA Standard E1 Standard Method for Laboratory Evaluation for Determination of Resistance to Subterranean Termites4AWPA Standard E10 Standard Method of Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures42009 International Building Code In
29、ternational Code Council, Inc.52009 International Residential Code International Code Council, Inc.53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology used to describe WPCs are defined in Terminologies D9, D883, D1554, and D4092, PracticeD1972, and Classification D4000.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Thi
30、s Standard:3.2.1 center-point loada flexure test where the load comes in contact with the test specimen at a location that is 12 the testspan.3.2.2 guarda building component or a system of building components located at or near the open sides of elevated walkingsurfaces that minimizes the possibilit
31、y of a fall from the walking surface to a lower level.3.2.3 handraila rail intended for grasping by the hand for guidance or support.3.2.4 plastic lumbera manufactured product made primarily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used as abuilding material, which is usually rectangul
32、ar in cross-section.3.2.5 quarter-point loadinga flexure test where the load comes in contact with the test specimen at two locations, each ofwhich is located at 14 the span from the specimen load support.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFor example, quarter-point loading for a test specimen on a 24-in. (610-mm) s
33、pan would have two equal loads contact the testspecimen each located 6 in. in from the test specimen load support. The distance between the two points of load would be 12 in.(305 mm).3.2.6 span ratingan index number that identifies the test span used in all structural load testing, which is the maxi
34、mumcenter-to-center support spacing for the specified end use, and allowable design capacity, in pounds per square foot(lbf/ft2 (kNm2), determined in accordance with this specification.3.2.6.1 DiscussionFor example, a deck span rating of 16100 recognizes the deck board for installation perpendicular
35、 to the floor joists spaced amaximum of 16 in. (406 mm) on center, and for supporting the load combinations required by the applicable code, which in thiscase cannot exceed 100 lbf/ft2 (4.79 kN/m2).3.2.7 third-point loadinga flexure test where the load comes in contact with the test specimen at two
36、locations, each of whichis located at 13 the span from the specimen load support.3.2.7.1 DiscussionFor example, third-point loading for a test specimen on a 24-in. (610-mm) span would have two equal loads contact the testspecimen each located 8 in. in from the test specimen load support. The distanc
37、e between the two points of load would also be8 in. (205 mm).3.2.8 wood-plastic composite (WPC)a composite made primarily from wood- or cellulose-based materials and plastic(s).4. General Requirements4.1 SamplingSamples for testing shall be representative of the population being evaluated. Sampling
38、shall be representativeof the possible variations due to changes in raw materials and process variables over time. It is essential to consider batch-to-batchand shift-to-shift variability when sampling actual production. Test specimens shall be selected from several production runs of a4 Available f
39、rom American Wood-Preservers Association (AWPA), P.O. Box 361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/.5 Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:/www.intlcode.org.D7032 153given item. Products shall be sampled at the manufacturin
40、g site by an accredited third party inspection agency or testing laboratory.Exceptions to sampling at the manufacturing site, such as at a warehouse or distribution center, shall be documented in the testreport.4.2 Sample SizeSelection of a sample size depends upon the property to be estimated, the
41、actual variation in the propertyoccurring in the population, and the precision with which the property is to be estimated. The principles of Practice D2915 shallbe followed. The minimum sample size shall provide estimation of mean values within 5 % in accordance with 3.4.2 of PracticeD2915.4.3 Condi
42、tioningPrior to testing, all specimens shall be conditioned to environmental conditions appropriate for the intendedend use of the product. Alternatively, test specimens shall be conditioned for a minimum of 40 h at 68F 6 4F (20C 6 2C)and 50 6 5 % RH. If data show that product properties are not aff
43、ected by extreme moisture conditions, such as submersion, thematerial shall be permitted to be tested without special conditioning. When the product is to be subjected to a water soakenvironment, the test specimens shall be tested within 30 min upon removal from the treatment.4.4 Flexural TestsFlexu
44、ral strength and stiffness shall be determined in accordance with principles of Test Methods D4761or D6109. Alternatively, to assess compliance with performance requirements in its intended installed configuration, the deckboards shall be tested according to the two-span method defined in Annex A1.
45、The test specimen cross section shall be theminimum anticipated structural size for the intended end use. The test span shall be that for which code recognition is desired. Thespecimens shall be loaded at a constant strain rate of 1 % per minute (610 %). Average time to failure for each test configu
46、rationshall be recorded (see Commentary, X1.2). A constant strain rate of 1 % per minute is achieved by using a constant rate of testmachine crosshead motion, R, (inches/minute) computed in terms of the test span, L, and the member depth, d, by the followingequation:R50.001853L2/d (1)For members whe
47、re the depth (vertical dimension) is varying along the member length, the depth (d) shall be taken as the grossmember depth at the point of maximum moment.NOTE 2Eq 1 is based on the maximum extreme fiber strain at midspan of a horizontally symmetric simple span member. For a product that issymmetric
48、 about its horizontal axis, Eq 1 yields the target strain rate at both the extreme tensile and extreme compressive faces. For a product that is notsymmetric about its horizontal axis, the Eq 1 strain rate is the average of the strains at these faces. See Commentary for additional information.NOTE 3S
49、ome wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber exhibit exceptionally large deformations prior to failure in bending. Users are cautionedto take particular care in test machine set-up to accommodate large deflections, both in terms of deflection-measuring devices and support conditions.4.4.1 Flexural StrengthModulus of rupture (MOR) or moment capacity shall be reported for each specimen. Flexural strengthshall be calculated from the maximum load achieved or the load at 3 % strain, whichever occurs first.4.4.2 Flexural StiffnessApp
